Carboidrati e Glicoconiugati

<p>Applications Erdosteine is a mucolytic. Erdosteine was developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Kuvandik, G., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 36, 714 (2008), Koyu, A., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 331, 43 (2009), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythritol a sugar alcohol used as a food additive.<br>References Leisso, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 61, 1373 (2013); Hillmann, H., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 9974 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol, used in the preparation of potential hypertensive agents and other biologically active compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chan, K.L. et al.: As. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 1, 91 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Acarbose EP Impurity A<br>Applications Acarbose D-Fructose (Acarbose EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Acarbose (A123500) (1,2,3,4). Acarbose impurity A.<br>References (1) Kim, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 22108 (1992) (2) Tonozuka, T., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 261, 157 (1994) (3) Brzozowski, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10837 (1997) (4) Cha, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 253, 251 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications It stands at the beginning of the enzyme-catalyzed cascade that starts with this seven-carbon carbohydrate and ends with the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.<br>References Frost, J.W., et al.: Biochemistry, 23, 4465 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Stability Decomposes in solution<br>Applications A dipeptide ester about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Cloninger, B., et al.: Science, 170, 81 (1970), Oppermann, et al.: J. Nutr., 103, 1454 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications Reagent used to prepare detergents, cleansers, cosmetics, agrochemicals and vasodilators.<br>References Hastwell, P., et al.: Mutagen., 24, 455 (2009), Guillarme, S., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 38, 43 (2010), Dillon, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 1045 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 1-Linoleyl glyceride, a free-living amoeba control agent; also a biomarker of metabolic responses to hepatotoxicants and carcinogens.<br>References Isidorov, V., et al.: Anal. Sci., 21, 1483 (2005); Isidorov, V., et al.: Food Chem., 115, 1056 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fingolimod Palmitate Amide is an impurity of Fingolimod (F805000, HCl salt), a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numerous models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs.<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Studied for anti-tumor effects.<br>References Suzuki, K., et al.: Carbohydrate Research, 151, 403 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications A Vitamin D derivative.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Koeffler, M.R., et al.: Blood, 74, 82 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucosaminic Acid is a useful starting material for the synthesis of aldonic acids containing a free carboxyl group and having all hydroxyl functions esterified with a simple carboxylic acid are well established deriviatives.<br>References Major, R.T., et al.: J.A.C.S., 58, 2474 (1936), Hurd, C.D., et al.: J.A.C.S., 60, 235 (1938), Wolfrom, M., et al.: J.A.C.S., 61, 574 (1939)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-Oleoylglycerol (O528020). A metabolite of 2-acylglycerol used as biomarker.<br>References Owen, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 323, 17 (1997), Waterman, I., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 43, 1555 (2002), Chon, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 282, 33346 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetragalacturonic Acid, is the product of polygalacturonic acid degradation. The mixture of Oligogalacturonic Acids has shown to have shoot growth in cockscomb (Celosia argentea L.) seedlings.<br>References Suzuki, T., et al.: J. Plant Growth Reg., 21, 209 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid-2,4-13C2 is an isotopic analog of citric acid (C521000), a component of the Krebs cycle.<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger. Citric acid is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes. Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (cas# 210418-04-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications rac Guaifenesin-d3 (cas# 1189924-85-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes. Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms, including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash (urticaria), swelling of the skin (angioedema) and migraines. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Radomski, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 136, 259 (1962), Gaunt, I.F., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 5, 747 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N-Dimethyldecylamine is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare emodin (E523000) quaternary ammonium salt derivatives as potential anticancer agents It is also a reactant used to synthesize Benzyldecyldimethylammonium chloride (B234550), a biocide.<br>References Wang, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 320 (2012); Qiu, B., et al.: Zhongguo Yaowu Huaxue Zazhi, 20, 353 (2010); Shao, J., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 308 (2012); Lee, M., et al.: Appl. Micro. Biotech., 87, 1109 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in freezer<br>Applications Prepared by acetolysis of chitin. Studies have shown this compound to have anti tumor effects.<br>References Barker, S.A., et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 2218 (1958); Suzuki, K., et al.: Carbohydrate Research, 151, 403 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Guaifenesin.<br>References Petrow, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 12, 37 (1960),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Gluconic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Pangamic Acid (P179500, Ca Salt); a mineral supplement that is sometimes referred to as Vitamin B15 although it is not a true vitamin.<br>References Mansurova, I.D. et al.: Eks. Patol. Pech., 1, 58 (1973); Apanasenko, A.A.: Cor Vasa, 15, 20 (1973); Alkhanova, N.A.: Nauch. Tru. Kaz. Gosud. Med. Inst., 41, 83 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aspartame EP Impurity A/ Aspartame USP Related Compound A<br>Applications (2S,5S)-5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazineacetic Acid (Aspartame EP Impurity A) is the diketopiperazine impurity of the sweetening agent Aspartame (A790015). It is also found in in processed cocoa powder.<br>References Ciranni Signoretti, E. et al.: Boll. Chim. Farmac., 122, 289 (1983); Prudel, M. et al.: Nahrung, 29, 381 (1985); Bonvehi, J.S. et al.: Eur. Food. Res. Technol., 210, 189 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygrocsopic<br>Applications A labile hydrolysis product of the antitumor nuceloside 5-Azacytidine (A796000).<br>References Beisler, J. A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 204 (1978); Chan, K.K. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 68, 807 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(α-D-Mannopyranosyl)-α-D-mannopyranoside (cas# 93979-06-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Guaifenasin EP Impurity C<br>Applications 1,7-Di(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-oxaheptane is an impurity of Atenolol l (A790075), a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker.<br>References Caplar, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 13, 1 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Stability Stable at RT<br>Applications D-(+)-Cellohexose (cas# 2478-35-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A low-calorie artificial sweetener<br>References Agresti, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, 226 (2008), Kidd, M., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 295, G260 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactulose is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.<br>References Voskuijl, W. et al.: Gut, 53, 1590 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-​Oxothiomorpholine-​3-​carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Carbocistene (C178760), a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders ranging from the influenza virus infection to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Stevenson, G.B. et al.: Eur. Resp. J., 27, 865 (2006); Suer, E. et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 14, 333 (2008); Yamaya, M. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 299, L160 (2010); Fanigliulo, A. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 115, 39 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ligand used for the preparation of an affinity resin highly specific for glucosidase I purification. Glucosidase I is involved in the post-translational processing of N-linked glycoproteins.<br>References HettKamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984); Shailubhai, K., et al.: Biochem. J., 247, 555 (1987); Bause, E., et al.: FEBS, 278, 167 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester is useful for developing stabilizers as additives in methanol-gasoline. In addition, Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester can be used to synthesize novel enantiopure γ/δ-amino acid via trans-acetalization.<br>References Jiang, X. and Tang, Y.: Asian J. Chem. 25, 8451 (2013); Guarna, A., et al.: Tetrahedron 58, 9865 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of N-(D-galacturonoyl) amino acids and dipeptides.<br>References Klaus, U., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3514 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methylcitric Acid is a metabolite of Citric Acid (C521000). It is formed from the condensation of propionoyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid catalyzed by a citrate synthase enzyme.<br>References Allen, R. H., et al.: Metabolism, 42, 978 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent produced by the bark of a willow tree. Analgesic.<br>References Schmid, B. et al.: Eur J Pharmacol., 57, 387 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrosobiotin Impurity is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Immunostimulant used in patients with cell-mediated immunodepression.<br>References Gu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 25, 979 (2008), Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009), Giagulli, C., et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 9, 1366 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fingolimod is a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numerous models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs.<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>