Apoptose

Thalidomide-O-PEG4-amine TFA is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate, composed of a cereblon ligand derived from Thalidomide and a single linker.

tDHU, acid is a dihydropyrimidine cereblon ligand consisting of an E3 ligase ligand and a benzoic acid linker. It serves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand-linker conjugate in the development of PROTACs.

RIPK1-IN-23 (compound 19) is an RIPK1 inhibitor with potent anti-necroptotic effects in HT-29 cells (EC50 = 1.7 nM). Additionally, RIPK1-IN-23 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.

Thalidomide-NH-C5-NH2 is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate, consisting of a Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand and a linker, used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate comprising a Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand and a linker. It is utilized in the synthesis of PROTACs.

Siphonaxanthin is a carotenoid found in green algae, known for targeting the death receptor 5 (DR5) on cancer cells to induce apoptosis. In human leukemia HL-60 cells, it increases DR5 expression, reduces Bcl-2 levels, and activates caspase-3. It also inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) signaling in endothelial cells. Siphonaxanthin suppresses the proliferation, migration, and tubular formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the growth of microvessels in rat aorta rings. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties by blocking the translocation of high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) to lipid rafts in mast cells. Siphonaxanthin shows potential for research into diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and rheumatoid arthritis.

MI-888 (TFA) is an orally active inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction with a Ki of 0.44 nM. It can induce rapid, complete, and durable tumor regression in xenograft mouse models.

PSP205 is an effective anticancer agent with cytotoxic properties. It induces apoptosis and triggers autophagy mediated by ER stress. Furthermore, PSP205 enhances the expression of LC3BII protein and increases the expression of CHOP and spliced XBP1 at both mRNA and protein levels.

DAPK1-IN-1 (compound 10) is an inhibitor of Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.63 μM. It is utilized in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Ac-DMLD-CMK is a peptide designed to target the caspase3-Gsdme signaling pathway in mice. It specifically inhibits the activation of caspase 3 and Gsdme, preventing the cleavage of Gsdme by caspase 3, which reduces pyroptosis. This process helps alleviate damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Ac-DMLD-CMK can lower serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in mice induced by Cisplatin, thereby mitigating the progression of renal dysfunction. It holds potential for research into chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity.

Tubulin/NRP1-IN-1 (compound TN-2) serves as a dual inhibitor targeting both Tubulin and NRP1, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.71 μM and 0.85 μM, respectively. This compound notably reduces the viability of prostate tumor cell lines and triggers apoptosis [1].

NLRP3-IN-28 (compound N77) serves as a potent inhibitor of NLRP3, effectively blocking Nigericin-induced pyroptosis with an EC50 of 0.07μM. Additionally, it mitigates inflammatory reactions in vivo [1].

TI17 is a selective TRIP13 inhibitor with anticancer activity and inhibits proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells

Neral, a monoterpenoid compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It inhibits TNF-α and IL-6, along with inflammatory mediators such as pro-IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, and NLRP-3.

GP130-IN-1 (compound 49) is an effective inhibitor of GP130, demonstrating significant in vitro anti-tumor activity and higher selectivity compared to Bazedoxifene. It induces ultrastructural changes in cells, leading to a time-dependent arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and triggers both apoptosis and autophagy. GP130-IN-1 is useful for research on triple-negative breast cancer.

Z-VA-DL-D-FMK (Z-VA-DL-D(OH)-FMK) acts as an inhibitor of caspases. It irreversibly binds to caspases, enhancing the sensitivity to TNF-α and stimulating HIV replication in infected T cells ACH-2.

Samuraciclib (CT7001) is a potent oral CDK7 inhibitor (IC50: 41 nM) with anti-breast cancer properties.

WYJ-2, a selective agonist for toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1), demonstrates an EC50 of 18.57 nM in HEK 293T cells transiently co-transfected with human TLR2 and TLR1. It induces pyroptosis and has shown anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1].

TNF-α-IN-14, a potent TNFα inhibitor, exhibits a selective inhibition profile with an IC50 of 1.1 µM and demonstrates antiinflammatory properties (WO2001072735A2; compound 12) [1].

Topo II/HDAC-IN-2 (8d) demonstrates remarkable dual inhibitory effects on Topo II and HDAC, and also induces apoptosis [1].

HDAC/PSMD14-IN-1 is a derivative of gambogic acid. It serves as an orally active dual inhibitor targeting PSMD14 and HDAC1, with IC50 values of 238.7 nM and 141.2 nM, respectively. The compound exhibits significant cytotoxicity against ESCC cell lines (IC50: 30-250 nM) and effectively reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, HDAC/PSMD14-IN-1 can induce apoptosis. In KYSE30 cell xenograft models in mice, it displays antitumor activity. HDAC/PSMD14-IN-1 is useful for researching esophageal cancer treatment.

p53 Stabilizer 2 (Compound 17a16) is a p53 stabilizing agent. It can induce S-phase arrest and apoptosis in both p53-functional and p53-deficient cancer cells. Additionally, p53 Stabilizer 2 triggers mitochondrial stress and activates two immune checkpoint pathways: NA-PKcs dependent p53 stabilization and the ATR-Chk1 axis activation. It also inhibits tumor growth in p53-deficient xenograft models.

CRT0066101 is a potent, orally active PKD inhibitor with IC 50 values of 1 nM, 2.5 nM, and 2 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively [1]. Additionally, it inhibits PIM2 with an IC 50 of approximately 135.7 nM and demonstrates anticancer effects [2].

NiCur is an effective and selective inhibitor of CBP histone acetyltransferase (HAT), with an IC50 of 0.35 μM.

FLT3-IN-32 is a potent FLT3 inhibitor with high selectivity, effectively suppressing FLT3 activating mutations and inducing apoptosis. It demonstrates good tolerance in non-tumor-bearing mice. In NOD/SCID mice loaded with MV4-11 cells, FLT3-IN-32 exhibits outstanding antitumor efficacy, significantly extending mouse survival. FLT3-IN-32 is applicable for acute myeloid leukemia research.

FAK-IN-4 (Compound 7d) has anticancer activities that can induce cell apoptosis. FAK-IN-4 is potential inhibitor of FAK [1].

Ran-IN-1 (Compound M36) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of Ran GTPase. It binds allosterically with high specificity to the switch II pocket of GDP-bound Ran (RanGDP), stabilizing its inactive state and reducing the formation of active Ran-GTP. Ran-IN-1 induces apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and inhibits DNA repair pathways such as homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). This compound shows potential for research in epithelial ovarian cancer, particularly in high-grade serous carcinoma.

Tubulin inhibitor 43 exhibits significant antitumor activity by impeding the proliferation and growth of cancer cells through the inhibition of β-microtubulin activity, ultimately inducing apoptosis [1].

AQIM-I is a survivin inhibitor that reduces survivin expression and colony formation. It promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and autophagy. Moreover, AQIM-I effectively inhibits nonsmall cell lung cancer cells A549, with an IC 50 value of 9 nM [1].

Pan-KRAS-IN-5 (compound 15a) is a pan-KRAS translation inhibitor targeting 5′-UTR RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s). It induces cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis in KRAS-driven cancer cells [1].

Tubulin polymerization-IN-61 (Compound 9a), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, disrupts the microtubule skeleton, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, induces Apoptosis, and impedes cancer cell migration and colony formation. This compound demonstrates antitumor efficacy in vivo within the 4T1 xenograft model [1].

Topo II/HDAC-IN-1 (7d) demonstrates potent dual inhibitory effects on Topo II and HDAC, while Topo II/HDAC-IN-1 (8d) effectively induces apoptosis [1].

SILA-123, an inhibitor of FLT3 (FLT3-WT: IC50=2.1 nM; FLT3-ITD: IC50=1.0 nM), induces cell apoptosis by hindering the cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase through the suppression of FLT3 phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathways. This compound is utilized in the study of acute myeloid leukemia.

Topoisomerase inhibitor4 (compound 45) acts as an effective inhibitor of Topoisomerase1/2, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and inducing Apoptosis. This compound exhibits potent antitumor activity.

Cetzole (Compound 1) acts as an inducer of ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death) through the accumulation of ROS, leading to cell death. The compound exhibits varying half-maximal cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) against several cell lines: 2.56 μM in NCI-H522, 10.31 μM in NCI-H522 GFP-SCL7A11 #8, 2.71 μM in NCI-H522 RV-GFP, 3.07 μM in HT-1080, 14.9 μM in NARF2, and 6.28 μM in MDA-MB-231. This highlights Cetzole's potential for research in cancer therapeutics.

NDs-IN-1 (Compound 3g) is a novel non-covalent multi-target inhibitor that inhibits the activities of key enzymes such as hBACE-1, hAChE, and hMAO-B, and is primarily used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases [1].

Ketorolac (RS37619) hydrochloride is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-selective COX inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. This compound is utilized in a 0.5% ophthalmic solution format for the investigation of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and post-operative ocular inflammation pain. Additionally, Ketorolac hydrochloride serves as a DDX3 inhibitor, making it pertinent for research in cancer therapies.

HP590: potent oral STAT3 inhibitor, IC50=27.8 nM, blocks ATP, IC50=24.7 nM, hinders gastric cancer growth, triggers cell death.

MNK1/2-IN-6: Strong, selective MNK1/2 inhibitor; IC50s: MNK1 at 2.3 nM, MNK2 at 3.4 nM; triggers dose-dependent apoptosis.

(S)-Purvalanol B is the S enantiomer of Purvalanol B. Purvalanol B is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) .

Antiproliferative agent-4 suppresses cancer cell growth with low toxicity, inhibits tumors in mice, and induces apoptosis in EC109 cells.

YW3-56: PAD2 & PAD4 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.5-5 μM), halts U2OS cell growth (IC50 ~2.5 μM), reduces S-180 & MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in mice.

Antitumor agent-43 (Compound 4B) is a potent antitumor agent that induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.

HER2-IN-11 is a psoralen derivative that induces apoptosis. HER2-IN-11 shows light-activated cytotoxicity and also exhibits anti-breast cancer activity [1].

LSD1-IN-35 (Compound Z-1) is a selective inhibitor of LSD1, exhibiting an IC50 of 108 nM. This compound inhibits the demethylation of H3K4me1/2 and acts as an immunomodulator. Additionally, LSD1-IN-35 enhances the responsiveness of gastric cancer cells to T-cell killing by reducing PD-L1 expression, thereby weakening the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.

PD-1-IN-17 is an inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). PD-1-IN-17 inhibits 92% splenocyte proliferation at 100 nM.

Bim-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Bim expression with low toxicity, Bim-IN-1 reduces Bim expression levels with little inhibition of protein kinase A.

eIF4E-IN-4 (Compound 33) is a selective inhibitor of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) with a biochemical activity value of 95 nM. It inhibits cap-dependent mRNA translation with an IC50 of 2.5 μM and is applicable in research on breast cancer, colon cancer, and head and neck cancer.

JNK-IN-19 (Compound Q8) is an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, utilized for the treatment and/or prevention of injuries prior to, during, or following surgery.

MTX-216 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor targeting both PI3K and EGFR. It simultaneously inhibits Ki-67 and ribosomal S6 phosphorylation, inducing apoptosis in NF1LOF cells. Additionally, MTX-216 suppresses SYK kinase activity with an IC50 of 281 nM. This compound is applicable for melanoma research.

Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis in liver cancer by blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR.

ADH-6, a tripyridylamide, disrupts mutant p53 aggregates in cancer cells, reviving its function and inducing apoptosis.

SBI-0640726, an eIF4G1 inhibitor, exhibits antiproliferative activity against melanoma. It disrupts the eIF4F translation initiation complex by inhibiting the AKT and NF-kB signaling pathways. Additionally, SBI-0640726 inhibits the growth of melanoma with NRAS and BRAF mutations in vitro.

Erythromycin B exhibits antimalarial activity by effectively inhibiting the asexual growth of Plasmodium falciparum.

VEGFR-2-IN-15 (Compound 14b) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR-2. VEGFR-2-IN-15 inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells in the Pre-G1 phase and induces apoptosis.

Ferroptosis-IN-6 is an efficient ferroptosis inhibitor, protecting cells from cell death induced by ferroptosis inducers, and inhibiting STY-BODIPY oxidation.

EGFR-IN-134 (compound 3f) is a triazolo[3,4-a]quinoline derivative and functions as a potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.023 µM. It induces apoptosis and necrosis in cells, and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and pre-G1 phases. EGFR-IN-134 modulates the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins by downregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins p53, Bax, and caspases 3, 8, and 9, demonstrating significant antiproliferative and anticancer activities.

Pan-Trk-IN-3: potent Trk inhibitor (IC50: 2-26 nM), effective against drug-resistant mutants, induces apoptosis, anti-tumor effects.

Bomedemstat (IMG-7289) hydrochloride, an oral LSD1 inhibitor, has anticancer properties, blocking cell growth and triggering apoptosis.

ER covalent antagonist-1 (Compound 39D) acts as an antagonist of the estrogen receptor α (ERα). This compound inhibits the proliferation of ERα-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.98 μM, induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and triggers apoptosis. Additionally, ER covalent antagonist-1 demonstrates antitumor activity in mouse models.

eIF4A3-IN-4 is a novel inhibitor of eIF4A (IC50: 8.6 μM).

GPX4-IN-3 (26a) is a potent GPX4 inhibitor, inducing selective ferroptosis with 71.7% inhibition at 1 μM.

3′-Hydroxyflavanone is a cyclized flavonoid with anti-tumor properties that induces apoptosis in HeLa cells.

L5-DA, a G-quadruplex ligand, stabilizes G4s in HeLa cells, induces apoptosis, and is cytotoxic with an IC50 of 4.3 μM.

CK156 inhibits DAPK with high selectivity; IC50: 182 nM (DRAK1), 34 μM (CK2a1), 39 μM (CK2a2); key in autoimmune/inflammation research.

Compound 3b inhibits tubulin polymerization, IC50 12.38 µM, with anticancer properties and promotes cell apoptosis.

CDK-IN-9: A potent CDK inhibitor, gels to enhance CDK12/DDB1 binding, targets CDK2/E (IC50: 4 nM), induces apoptosis via dephosphorylation.

Anticancer agent 44 induces apoptosis, is selective, cytotoxic to cancer cells, and minimally toxic to human lymphocytes.

PI4KIII beta inhibitor 4 (Compound 16) is a selective inhibitor of PI4KIIIβ with an IC50 of 0.005 μM. By inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, PI4KIII beta inhibitor 4 induces apoptosis, causes cell cycle arrest, and triggers autophagy in tumor cells. This compound is applicable for tumor research.

ASK1-IN-8 (Compound 35) is an orally active inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM. In a mouse liver injury model induced by Acetaminophen, ASK1-IN-8 significantly reduces plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, offering liver protection. This compound is useful for research in liver disease-related fields.

Apoptosis Inducer 5, a lignan enantiomer extracted from Crataegus pinnatifida, demonstrates cytotoxic properties through inducing apoptosis and autophagy in

EGFR-IN-45: Strong EGFR/CDK2 inhibitor (IC50s: 0.4 & 1.6 μM), halts cancer cell cycle pre-G1, prompts apoptosis, also targets Topo I/II.

BRD1991 is a chemical compound that specifically disrupts the interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2, thereby inducing autophagy.

HDAC6/HSP90-IN-2, a cancer research chemical, inhibits HDAC6 & Hsp90 with IC50s of 105.7 & 61 nM.

Coumarin 9a: Selective inhibitor of hCA IX/XII (Ki 93.3/85.7 nM), blocks cancer cell growth, and induces apoptosis.

Etalocib (LY293111) sodium is an orally active leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 25 nM for inhibiting [3H]LTB4 binding. It exhibits an IC50 of 20 nM against LTB4-induced calcium mobilization. Additionally, Etalocib sodium can induce apoptosis.

RIPK1-IN-14 inhibits RIPK1 with 92 nM IC50 and reduces necrotic apoptosis in U937 cells.

BRD-K44839765 selectively targets Bcl-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 5.6 μM in IMR-90 cells. This compound is also orally active.

Anticancer agent 14: a potent breast cancer inhibitor; induces cell death, disrupts mito. membrane potential (IC50: 0.20-0.65 μM).

BRD-K20733377 is a Bcl-2 inhibitor that exhibits selective cytotoxicity toward senescent cells, specifically inhibiting the activity of etoposide-induced senescent IMR-90 cells with an IC50 of 10.7 μM. Additionally, BRD-K20733377 reduces the mRNA expression of aging-related genes p16, p21, and KI67 in aged mouse models.

NVP-CGM097 sulfate is a potent and selective inhibitor of MDM2 (hMDM2, IC50 of 1.7±0.1 nM).

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-15 is a potent inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (IC50: 60.1 nM) and has shown investigational potential for tumor immunotherapy.

HDAC-IN-81 (Compound 11g) is an HDAC inhibitor capable of effectively inhibiting HDAC1 with an IC50 value of 4.5 nM. Additionally, it exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation and can induce cell apoptosis (apoptosis).

PROTAC FKBP Degrader-3, with FKBP and VHL binding groups linked, is a potent FKBP degrader.

Citric acid-13C2 is a 13C-labeled form of citric acid. Citric acid serves as a preservative and food additive. It induces apoptosis in HaCaT cells and causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M and S phases. Additionally, citric acid contributes to liver oxidative damage by reducing antioxidant enzyme activity. It also functions as an acidulant, emulsifier, chelating agent, and buffer, with extensive applications across multiple industries.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-55 (compound D6) is a potent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 nM. It enhances IFN-γ secretion and decreases the proportion of late apoptosis due to PD-L1.

HBV/HDV-IN-2 (Compd 143) functions as an inhibitor for HBV, HDV, and PD-1/PD-L1, demonstrating an EC 50 of 35 nM in T cell activation.

MA242 is a nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy and dual inhibitor of murine double minute 2 (MDM2).

Tubulin polymerization-IN-4: inhibits tubulin (IC50=4.6 μM), blocks G2/M phase, induces apoptosis, hinders cell cloning/migration, damages vasculature.

HER2-IN-10 is a psoralen derivative that induces apoptosis. HER2-IN-10 shows anti-breast cancer activity and light-activated cytotoxicity [1].

JAK2/FLT3-IN-1 (TFA), an oral JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor, shows anticancer properties; IC50: JAK2 (0.7 nM), FLT3 (4 nM), JAK1 (26 nM), JAK3 (39 nM).

Compound B6, also known as TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-1, is a dual inhibitor targeting TOPOI and PARP, exhibiting low cytotoxicity and oral activity with a PARP1 IC 50 of 0.09 μM. This compound effectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration, induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and triggers apoptosis. In murine models, TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-1 demonstrated a tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) of 75.4% [1].

NLRP3-IN-26 (compound 15Z), with an IC50 of 0.13 μM, functions as an inhibitor of NLRP3. It is applicable in studies involving the DSS-induced colitis model [1].

(2R,3S)-Emricasan ((2R,3S)-PF 03491390) is an isomer of Emricasan. This compound acts as an orally effective irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. (2R,3S)-Emricasan inhibits the increase in caspase-3 activity induced by Zika virus (ZIKV) and protects human cortical neural progenitor cells.

PKM2-IN-6 (compound 7d) is an orally active PKM2 inhibitor (IC50=23 nM) capable of inducing apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. It reduces PKM1 and PKM2 expression at the mRNA level, exhibits antitumour activity, and is suitable for investigating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

TopoisomeraseI/II inhibitor 8 (Compound Ru7) is a dual catalytic inhibitor of TopoisomeraseI/II that induces DNA damage and activates PARP-1, leading to the activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, ultimately causing necroptosis. It shows significant anticancer activity by effectively targeting cancer cell nuclei and inducing cell death through necroptosis, offering substantial clinical potential in overcoming resistance in cancer treatment.

T-1-PMPA, a potent EGFR inhibitor, demonstrates apoptotic properties and effectively inhibits EGFR WT and EGFR 790m, with IC50 values of 86 nM and 561.73 nM, respectively [1].

UR-AK49 (compound 11) is an agonist for the human histamine H1 and H2 receptors. It exhibits an EC50 of 23 nM in the GTPase assay involving hH2R-Gsalpha fusion protein expressed in Sf9 insect cells. UR-AK49 is applicable in neurologically related research.