Fluorogenic Substrates

Resorufin N-acetyl-b-D-glucosamine is fluorogenic substrate for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG).

4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-thio-palmitate-b-D-glucopyranoside (Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc) is a fluorogenic substrate of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), used in the diagnosis of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL). INCL, also known as infantile CLN1 disease, is a rapidly progressing lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), caused by a deficiency of PPT1. Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc is also used as the substrate in the PPT assay to investigate the retention of lysosomal enzyme activity of bi-functional IgG-PPT1 fusion protein in the delivery across blood-brain barrier.

Ethyl umbelliferone-3-carboxylate-a-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate used for detecting alpha-glucosidase activity in enzymatic assays. When alpha-glucosidase cleaves , the glycosidic bond, umbelliferone-3-carboxylate is released, which exhibits strong fluorescence. This substrate is commonly utilized in glycobiology research, diagnostic tests, and high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors.

Methyl 4-methylumbelliferyl hexyl phosphonate is a lipase suicide inhibitor that is a fluorogenic substrate for lipases which upon enzymatic action, binds irreversibly to the lipase and inactivates it. The substrate can be used for the determination of active sites in lipases and the fluorescent signal can be detected at Ex 363 nm and Em 465 nm.

3-Carboxyumbelliferyl b-D-glucuronide serves as a highly sensitive fluorogenic substrate for detecting b-glucuronidase activity. Upon enzymatic cleavage, it generates a fluorescent product enabling easy and accurate monitoring of enzyme activity in various applications, such as diagnostics, drug discovery, and research.

Resorufin acetate is a fluorogenic substrate for esterase activity measurments in lipid metabolism studies. It is also used as a substrate for chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in protein digestion in the small intestine.

5-(Pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluoroscein di-b-D-galactopyranoside, commonly referred as PFB-FDG or PFB-FDGal, is a cell-permeable enzyme substrate for β-galactosidase used in live cell imaging assays. After cleavage, 5-(pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluorescein (PFB-F) is released, generating a green fluorescence (Em ~520 nm)) of a higher intensity than fluorescein. Its main use is for bacterial detection (e.g. E. coli LacZ assays), but also for flow cytometry analytical assays.

Resorufin benzyl ether is a chemical compound that can be used as a substrate for cytochrome P450. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of epoxide hydrolase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of endoperoxides. Resorufin benzyl ether has also been found to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. This compound has been shown to have a high affinity for mouse monoclonal antibody and is used in immunoassays to detect mouse antibodies. Resorufin benzyl ether is used in biochemical assays and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) as a fluorescence marker. In addition, this compound is used in model systems to study enzyme activities such as recombinant cytochrome p450 and protein oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

L-Citrulline-p-nitroanilide hydrobromide is a substrate for enzymes such as beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase. It is used in biochemical assays for the detection of microorganisms and in medical diagnostics. This compound has been shown to be useful in fluorescence microscopy and bioluminescence. It also has applications in food testing, environmental testing, and high purity research.