Toxicology

<p>Applications N-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 3’-Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Gemcitabine (G305000) metabolites.<br>References Baraniak, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 22, 2133 (2014); Labrioli, M.A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 22, 2303 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications ((((R)-1-(6-((((5-Fluoro-1-((2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonic acid is impurity of Emtricitabine (E525000), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Verazide is derived from Isoniazid (I821450), which is an antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis. Metabolized by hepatic N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to form hepatotoxins. Selectively induces expression of CYP2E1. Reversibly inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities, and mechanistically inactivates CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 at clinically relevant concentrations. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Brewer, G.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 183 (1977), Weber, W.W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 4, 401 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-Ethylpropyl)-2,4-dihydro-4-[4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one is an intermediate in the synthesis of Deshydroxy Posaconazole Impurity (A6480252), which is a 2,2,5-tetrahydrofuran regioisomers of SCH 51048 (A648025) that exhibit antifungal activity.<br>References Lovey, R.G.; et al.: Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett, 12, 1739 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isodecyl Daptomycin is an impurity of Daptomycin (D193350), a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus. Daptomycin disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria.<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987);Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Emtricitabine Glycosamine is an impurity of Emtricitabine(E525000) which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan is an intermediate used to prepare tertiary sulfonamides as liver X receptor antagonists. It is also used to synthesize hydantoin based inhibitors of MMP13 with potential use in osteoarthritis.<br>References Zuercher, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3412 (2010); De Savi, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 4705 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 5R,6R-Benzylpenicilloic Acid is the β-lactamase cleavage product/metabolite of antibiotic Penicillin G (P223400).<br>References Dryjanski, M., Pratt, R.: Biochem., 34, 3561 (1995); Ho, H., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 25, 25 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral. This is a labeled analog. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003), Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005), Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Chloroethoxy Roxithromycin is an impurity of Roxithromycin (R700850); a semisynthetic Erythromycin (E649950) derivative and antibacterial.<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983); Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986); Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987); Gasc, J.C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications The R-enantiomer of Baclofen (B108000) metabolite.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas# 1086376-81-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity I<br>Applications (16β)-16-Methyl-17,21-bis(1-oxopropoxy)pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity I) is an impurity of Beclomethasone (B131000), a glucocorticoid. Used in chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Antiallergic, antiasthmatic (inhalant). Anti-inflammatory (topical).<br>References Malfitan, V.A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 4, 472 (1982), Rao, M., et al.: J. Asthma, 19, 21 (1982), Small, P., et al.: Ann. Allergy, 49, 127 (1982), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 28, 99 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Posaconazole-D-Glucuronide is an impurity of Posaconazole(P689600); is orally active triazole antifungal.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000), Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004), Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Nonyn-1-ol is a Propargyl alcohol (P762550) derivative that is used as a reagent to synthesize Microcarpalide, a microfilament disrupting agent that is weakly cytotoxic to mammalian cells. 2-Nonyn-1-ol is also thought to have potential antifungal properties.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gershon, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 73, 1840 (1984); Ratnayake, A., et al.: Org. Lett., 3, 3479 (2001); Tamao, K., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 6955 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzoic Acid is a very useful precursor. It is a reagent used to synthesize 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole (H761395) which is a metabolite of Albaconazole (A511450), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.<br>References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitrophenyl-methoxycarbonylamino Amoxicillin is an intermediate used in the synthesis of N-(Penicillan-6-yl) Open Ring Amoxicillinamide Disodium Salt (P223050), which is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235); a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin (P233500). Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tixocortol is an anti-inflammatory agent. Tixocortol is used in fluorescent chemoaffinity labeling.<br>References Torossian, D.R., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 31, 453 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Flucloxacillin-O-ethylacetate is an intermediate used in the synthesis of 6-APA Flucloxacillin (A726105), which is an impurity of Flucloxacillin (F419200), which is a new semi-synthetic penicllin.<br>References Markovich, M., et al.: Antibiot. Med. Biotekhnol., 31, 603 (1986), Rahman, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 1721 (1993), Silva, D., et al.: Med. Biol. Res., 37, 963 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications AHR 10240 Dimer is a dimer of 7-(4-Bromobenzoyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (B680190); a cyclic metabolite of Bromfenac (B678550).<br>References Osman, M.A. et al.: J. Chrom. Biomed. Appl., 489, 452 (1989); Isaka, M. et al.: Yakub. Dot., 14, 32 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Quinolin-8-yl 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylate is an intermediate in the synthesis of D,L-Penicillamine O-Lactose Adduct (P223020), which is an impurity of D-Penicillamine (P223000), a Penicillin metabolite used in the treatment of Wilson’s disease, Cystinuria, Scleroderma and arsenic poisoning.<br>References Marti-Prats, L., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 483, 143 (2010); Singh, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 99, 3931 (2010); Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-1,1'-(2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole) is an impurity of Fluconazole (F421000), an antifungal.<br>References Richard, K. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 832 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of 17β-Nandrolone (N315000).<br>References Dumasia, M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 14, 647 (1984), Schanzer, W., et al.: Clin. Chem., 42, 1001 (1996), Hartmann, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 17, 193 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-​[[[(2,​4-​Difluorophenyl)​methyl]​amino]​carbonyl]​-​1-​(2,​2-​dimethoxyethyl)​-​1,​4-​dihydro-​3-​methoxy-​4-​oxo-2-pyridinecarboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Cabotegravir-d3 (C050102), which is the labelled form of Cabotegravir (C050100). Cabotegravir is a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.<br>References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid that is used in conjunction with Phenol (P318005) to carry out rapid cleavage of sulfonamides. Hydrobromic acid is also used as a catalyst to reduce sulfoxides, such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (D479380).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Aida, T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 14, 39 (1973); Snyder, H. &amp; Geller, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 4864 (1952)<br></p>

<p>Applications Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the viral enzyme serine protease HCV NS3. Also functions as a second generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatitis C.<br>References Takehara, T., et al.: Igaku no Ayumi, 255, 1155 92015); Kalaghatgi, P., et al.: PLoS One, 11, 5 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lombazole-d9 is deuterium labelled form of Lombazole (L470205), which is imidazole based antimicrobial agent with some antifungal activity.<br>References Barug, D., De Groot, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 28, 643 (1985); Barug, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 238 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)tetracosanamide acts as a crude oil emulsifier.<br>References Zhiqiang, J., et al.: Fami Zhu Shen., 5 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Rapamycin (R124000) derivative, a triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants.<br>References Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977), Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993), Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000), Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004),<br></p>