Toxicology

<p>Applications Nucleosides as antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza; broad-spectrum inhibitor of viruses in the Flaviviridae family.<br>References Sidwell, R.W., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 22, 797 (1971), Allen, B., et al.: J. Med. Che,., 18, 721 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aminoacetonitrile is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is a reagent used to synthesize dipeptide nitriles as reversible and potent cathepsin S inhibitors. It can also used to prepare substituted cyclic ureas as possible HIV protease inhibitors.<br>References Ward, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5471 (2002); Wilkerson, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 4079 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2E)-3-(2-Thiazolyl)-2-propenoic Acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used as an intermediate for HIV-1 protease inhibitor.<br>References Baloglu, E., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2014), WO 2014085607 A1 20140605<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Eicosapentaenoyl Ethanolamide inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes.<br>References Lucanic, M., et al.: Nature, 473, 226 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chloro-6-(1,1-dibromoethyl)-5-fluoropyrimidine is impurity of Voriconazole(V760000). Voriconazole is an antifungal (systemic). An ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor.<br>References Sanati, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 2492 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Acetylbenzenesulfonamide is a useful synthetic intermediate, and is also part of a group of sulfonamide derivatives that have potential to be carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.<br>References Carotti, A., et al.: Quant. Struct.-Act. Rel., 8, 1 (1989); Singh, P., et al.: Org. Chem.: An Indian Journal, 4, 540 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity C<br>Applications 8-Hydroxy Entecavir is an impurity of Entecavir (E558900), an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection.<br></p>

<p>Applications Denatonium Benzoate Hydrate is a stimulant of the bitter taste receptors which allows for maintenance of the airways. Bronchodilator.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998); Desphamde, D. et al.: Nat Med., 16, 1299 (2010); Meyerhof, W. et al.: Chem. Senses., 35, 157 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamido) Emtricitabine O-2,2,2-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Emtricitabine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt (E525075), which is a metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).<br>References Barditch-Crovo, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2733 (2001); Ray, A., et al.: Antivir .Ther., 10, 451 (2005); Borroto-Esoda, K., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 11, 377 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications (4S)-Efavirenz 2-Desoxo-2-methyl is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000); a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral agent.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications o-Carbomethoxybenzyl Sulfonamide is a useful reactant in organic synthesis.<br>References Jiang, Lin, et al.: Youji Huaxue, 26(2), 203-206 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications U 75875, is a peptidomimetic inhibitor, that inhibits HIV-1 gag-pol protein. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a continuous cell line, U-75875 completely blocked HIV replication, so it can be used as therapeutic potential of protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection.<br>References Ashorn, P., et al.: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87, 7472 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Glucoheptonate is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic.<br>References Delaforge, M. et al.: Biochem. Pharm., 32, 2309 (1983); Niederau, W. et al.: Chemother., 26, 121 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-1-(10-phthalimidodecyl)quinaldinium Iodide is an intermediate for the synthesis of 4-Amino-1-[10-[(2-methyl-4-quinolyl)amino]decyl]quinaldinium Iodide Hydriodide (M493250), which is an impurity of Dequalinium (D288335); the active ingredient in various medications including antiseptic and anti-malarial agents.<br>References Kunisada, Y., et al.: J. Biomolec. Screen., 17, 140 (2012); Zeder-Lutz., G., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 421, 417 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Diphenyl-d10 Sulfide (CAS# 180802-01-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Dyes and metabolites.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Waring, M.J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 13, 269 (1965), Probst, G.S., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 3, 11 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxycilloic Acid Trimer is an impurity of Amoxycilloic Acid (A634265); a degradation product/impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235, 3H2O) which is a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin and an antibacterial.<br>References Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994); Van G., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 139 (2003); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Sitagliptin.<br>References Beconi, M.G. , et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 525 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications α-[2-[Methyl(1-naphthalenylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-Benzenemethanol is an impurity of naftifine (N213100) an antifungal.<br>References Stuetz, A., et al.: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 29, 112 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol 6-N3-Adenine is a depurinating adduct that is created by the interaction of specific metabolites of estrogens in the body with DNA. Unfortunately, these adducts are endogeneous initiators of various human cancers, such as breast &amp; prostate.<br>References Yang, L., et al.: Prostate, 69, 41 (2009); Zahid, M., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 164 (2006); Zhang, Y., et al.: Metabol. Clin. Exp., 56, 887 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications An anti-inflammatory corticosteroid.<br>References Weber, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 689 (1972), Biagi, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 873 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Benzyloxy)-1-propanol is used to prepare amino diol HIV-protease inhibitors. It is also used to synthesize diphenyl-substituted amino alcohols as protease inhibitors.<br>References Chen, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 1991 (1996); Gordon, E., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. (1994), EP 580402 A2 19940126<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one is also used in the synthesis of antifungal, oxazolidinon-based strobilurin analogues. Also used in the preparation of heterologous haptens for the synthesis of high-affinity anti-pyraclostrobin antibody generation.<br>References Li, Y. et al.: Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc., 31, 3341 (2010); Mercader, J. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 9, 1443 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of antifungal agents.<br>References Saksena, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 2023 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-epi Emtricitabine is an epimer of Emtricitabine (E525000), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1, and also has antagonistic activity against the hepatitis B virus. 5-epi Emtricitabine is also used as a reagent for the synthesis of β-L-(2R,5S)- and α-L-(2R,5R)-1,3-oxathiolane-pyrimidine and -purine nucleosides as potential HIV agents.<br>References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993); Lim, S. et al.: Arch. Intern. Med., 166, 49 (2006); Smith, K., et al.: AIDS, 23, 1547 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,4R)-Itraconazole (Mixture of Diastereomers) is an enantiomer of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Serotonin-13C215N Hydrochloride, is a labelled Serotonin (S274980). Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.<br></p>