Toxicology

Applications A metabolite of Clomipramine.
References McTavish, D., et al.: Drugs, 39, 136 (1990), Chauret, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 1130 (1997), Gex-Fabry, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 22, 701 (2000), Herrera, D., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 40, 1488 (2000),

Impurity Ezetimibe Ketone (USP)
Applications Phase-I metabolite of Ezetimibe (E975000).
References Shah, V., et al: J. Pharm. Sci., 17, 1551 (2000), Van Heek, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 134, 409 (2001), Watts, G., et al.: Clin. Sci.,103, 595 (2002), Ghosal, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 314 (2004), Sistla, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, 517 (2005),

Applications Pravastatin impurity.
References Muramatsu, S., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, 1199 (1997), Serajuddin, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 696 (1999),

Applications 5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-N,4-diphenyl-1-[2-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide is a photodegradation product of Atorvastatin (A791750).
References Cermola, F., et al.: Tetrahedron., 62, 7390 (2006);

Applications Prednival was used in the study of inflammation-inhibiting activity of steroids.
References Bodor, N., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 26, 318 (1983); Stouch, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 2125 (2986);

Applications 3-Cysteinylacetaminophen-D5 (major), Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt is deuterium labeled 3-Cysteinylacetaminophen Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt (C994750), which is a metabolite of Acetaminophen (A161220), an analgesic and antipyretic agent used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1,2,3).Minimum isotopic incorporation d-3, no d-0 present. A representative lot has 64% isotopic incorporation at the 6-position, 89% at the 4-position.
References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Fairbrother, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 1 (1974) (3) Hinson, J.A., et al.: Rev. Biochem. Toxicol., 2, 103 (1980)

Applications Campesteryl Ferulate is a component of γ-​oryzanol with antioxidant activities.
References Xu, Z., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 2077 (2001);

Applications 4’-Hydroxyphenprocoumon is a metabolite of the oral anticoagulant Phenprocoumon (P318820).
References De Vries, J. et al.: J. Chrom. Biomed. Appl., 529, 479 (1990);

Impurity Fluticasone USP Related Compound B
Applications An impurity of Fluticasone Propionate (F599500), a derivative of Flumethasone (F455000). An antiallergic; anti-asthmatic; anti-inflammatory. Fluticasone USP Related Compound B.
References Matuszewski, B, et al.: Anal. Chem., 75, 3019 (2003), Fekete, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 49, 64 (2009), Meltzer, E.O., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 86, 221 (1990), Mitchison, H.C., et al.: Gut, 32, 260 (1991), Phillipps, G.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 3717 (1994)

Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity E
Applications 6α-Chlorobeclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity E) is an analogue of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (B131030), an antiallergic, antiasthmatic (inhalate). Anti-inflammatory (topical).
References Laube, B., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 101, 475 (1998); Harrison, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 58, 191 (2002); Maneechotesuwan, K., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 121, 43 (2008)

Applications A labelled metabolite of Spironolactone.
References Gochman, N., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 135, 312 (1962), Tori, K., et al.: Steroids, 4, 713 (1964), Solymoss, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appli. Pharmacol., 18, 586 (1971),

Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity E
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (6α,9β,11β,16α)-9,11-Epoxy-6-fluoro-21-hydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, can be used in the production of fluocinolone acetonide (F455800).
References Grinenko, G.S, Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 12, 110 (1978), Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),

Applications A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic agent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mathur, K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 11, 1915 (2003), Zhao, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 2815 (2007), Roy, K., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 2913 (2009),

Stability Hygrscopic
Applications N1,N12-Diacetylspermine Dihydrochloride is a diacetylated derivative of Spermine (S680510) and is recognized as a novel tumor marker in patients with breast and colorectal cancers.
References Kato, M., et al.: Anticancer Res., 34, 3053 (2014); Umemori, Y., et al.: Clin. Chim. Acta, 411, 1894 (2010); Kawakita, M., et al.: J. Biochem., 139, 315 (2006); Hiramatsu, K., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 2986 (2005)

Applications Tenivastatin Calcium is derived from Simvastatin (S485000), which is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. A synthetic analog of Lovastatin. Antilipemic. Simvastatin, the drug, is sold under the trade name Zocor.
References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986), Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986)

Applications A dextrorotatory stereoizomer of Quinine. Antiarrhythmic (class IA). Antimalarial.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Loutfy, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 483 (1983), Mason, J. W., et al.: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 432, 162 (1984),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A degradation product of Betamethasone (B327000).
References Andersson, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 763 (1984), Wurthwein, G., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 11, 381 (1990), Samtani, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 726 (2004), Samtani, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1124 (2005),

Applications The (S)-isomer of Viloxazine (V312440). Antidepressant.
References Howe, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 1074 (1976), Pinder, R.M., et al.: Drugs, 13, 401 (1977),

Applications Pipamazine is a drug od the phenothiazine class which used to be used as an antiemetic.
References Bhargava, K. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 22, 154 (1964); Bhargava, K. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 21, 436 (1963);

Applications A metabolite of Desogestrel.
References Back, D., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 23 (1988), Wienkers, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 1990, 24, 610 (1990), Bourrie, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 321 (1996), Ono, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 681 (1996),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Used as an antihypertensive.This compound is very unstable in solution and will hydrolyze readily to give benazapril.

Applications 2,3-Bis[(acetyloxy)methyl]-1-oxoquinoxalin-1-ium-4(1H)-olate is an antibiotic.
References Marrero-Ponce, Yovani, et al.: Bioorg. & Med. Chem., 13(8), 2881-2899 (2005)

Applications 4-Hydroxyatorvastatin is a hydroxylated metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Smith, S. et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997); Jacobsen, W. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000); Istvan, E. et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001); Tabernero, L. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003); Bratton, L. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007);

Applications A metabolite of Nortriptyline (N837000).
References Callaghan, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 16059 (1993), Dagenais, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 67, 269 (2004), Doran, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 165 (2005),

Applications 4-Hydroxy Estradiol 1-N7-Guanine is an estrogen metabolite formed with DNA which can lead to the mutations that initiate breast, prostate, and other types of cancer. Estrogen-DNA depurinating adducts as biomarkers of cancer risk and their use in cancer detection and prevention.
References Chakravarti, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 456, 17 (2000), Liehr, J., et al.: Endocr. Rev., 21, 4054 (2000), Chakravarti, D., et al.: Oncogene, 20, 7945 (2001), Cavalieri, E., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 1041 (2002),

Applications 2-Azidoethanol is used as a reagent in the glycosylation of mono- or polysaccharides. 2-Azidoethanol is also used as a 2’-deoxy-ethynyluridine (EdU) blocker in nuclear DNA, preventing cross reactivity with other antibodies in order to better study its related pathways in the body.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Liboska, R., et al.: PLOS ONE, 7, e51679 (2012); Sun, X., et al.: Biomacromolecules, 3, 1065 (2002)

Impurity Amlodipine EP Impurity H
Applications Amlodipine Besilate (A633500) impurity. Used in the process for preparing Amlodipine benzenesulfonate. Amlodipine EP Impurity H

Applications 3-Ethyl 3,5-Didemethyl Memantine is an impurity of Memantine (HCl salt, M218000) which is used as an antiparkinsonian and antispasmodic.
References Rohde, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 100, 2023 (1982), Kornhuber, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 166, 589 (1989), Gortelmeyer, R. and Erbler, H.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 42, 904 (1992)

Applications Anticholinergic. Antispasmodic.
References Fujita, et al.: J. Labelled Compd., 9, 149 (1972), Tanaka, et al.: J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 92, 510 (1972), Kawamoto H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 35, 1475 (1985),

Impurity Atorvastatin Pyrrolidone Analog (USP)
Stability Light Sensitive
Applications A photodegradation product of Atorvastatin (a cyclic impurity of Atorvastatin). Atorvastatin Pyrrolidone Analog (USP).
References Roger, D., et al.: Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 19, 88 (1994), Cosa, G., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 80, 159 (2004), Kerwin, B., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 96, 1468 (2007),

Impurity Fluticasone EP Impurity D
Applications Ticabesone Propionate is an impurity of Fluticasone, an antiallergic, anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory agent.
References Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Europ. J. Med. Chem., 46, 5736 (2011); Dalvi, P., et al.: J. Chem., 20, 187 (2008);

Applications A labelled antihypertensive. An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, converted to active, diacid metabolite.
References Teetz, V., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 34, 1399 (1984), Ruggenenti, P., et al.: Lancet, 352, (1998), Bosch, J., et al.: Br. Med. J., 324, 1 (2002),

Applications The erythro isomers have been shown to exhibit very little therapeutic effect and contribute mainly to the toxic hypertensive effects of this drug.Controlled substance.
References Greenblatt, E.N., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 131, 115 (1961), Padmanabhan, G.R., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 473 (1981), Kuczenski, R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 296, 876 (2001), Pelham, W.E., et al.: J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 61, 506 (1993), Srinivas, N.R., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 14 (1993),

Applications A metabolite of Norfloxacin (N681000).
References Uno, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 2929 (1990),

Applications Labelled Cyclosporin A (C988901) derivative. An immunosuppressant that has revolutionized organ transplantation through its use in the prevention of graft rejection.A group of nonpolar cyclic oligopeptides with immunosupppressant activity.
References van Wartburg, A., et al.: Prog. Med. Chem., 25, 1 (1988), Jorgensen, K.A., et al.: Scand. J. Imunol., 57, 93 (2003), Vollenbroeker, et al.: Transplant. Proc., 37, 1741 (2005)

Applications 7-Keto Dehydro Epiandrosterone is a metabolite of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (D229585).
References Majewska, M., et al.: Brain Res., 526, 143 (1990), Charlton, M., et al.: J. Neurochem., 68, 121 (1997), Koob, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1515 (2004);

Applications Labelled Androgen. It has been used as an androgenic agent. Controlled substance (anabolic steroid).
References Bichet, N., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 106, 509 (1990), Gustafson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 53, 245 (2000), Copple, B., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 77, 172 (2004), Takashima, K., et al.: Life Sci., 78, 2787 (2006),

Applications Aripiprazole-d8 is a deuterated version of Aripiprazole (A771000), a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist with dopamine autoreceptor agonist activity.
References Canive, J.M., et al.: Psychopharmacol. Bull., 34, 101 (1998), Oshiro, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 658 (1998),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications N-[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-formamide is an impurity of miconazole (M342500). Antifungal (topical).
References Godefroi, E.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 12, 784 (1969), Brugmans, et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 102, 428 (1970), Heel, R.C., et al.: Drugs, 19, 7 (1980),

Applications A peripheral benzodiazepine GABAA receptor ligand, a new anxiolytic.
References Min, D., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 12, 68 (1992), Rothwell, C., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 27, 35 (2002), Gonzalez-Diaz, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 1651 (2005), Boelsterli, U., et al.: Curr. Drug Metab., 7, 715 (2006), Rietjens, I., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 977 (2006),

Applications Antibacterial.
References Manius, G.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 445 (1978), Roth, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 379 (1980), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 23, 405 (1982),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Iopromide. Nonionic, injectable radio-contrast medium. Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Muetzel, W., et al.: Am.J. Neuroradiol., 4, 350 (1983), Dawson, P., et al.: Acta Radiol. Diagn., 25, 253 (1984),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications alpha-Tocotrienol is an antioxidant.

Applications Testosterone 17β-Carboxylic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of the drugs Dutasteride (D735000) and Finasteride.
References Brooks, J., et al.: Annu. Drug Data Rep., 14, 996 (1992), Lam, J., et al.: Urology, 61, 354 (2003), Tarter, T., et al.: Curr. Pharm. Des., 12, 775 (2006), Aggarwal, S., et al.: Steroids, 75, 109 (2010),

Applications A labelled antipruritic. Antibacterial, antimicrobial agent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Robinson, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 19 (1966); Abdel-Moety, E., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 5, 1 (1997); Basavaiah, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 47, 1351 (1999);

Applications Nemonapride is a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. Nemonapride is used as an antipsychotic.
References Yamamoto, M., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 21, 945 (1982), Grewe, C.W., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 81, 149 (1982), Satoh, K., et al.: Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 11, 279 (1996)

Applications Lofentanil is a very potent and long-acting opiate agonist.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lembeck, F., Donnerer, J.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 114, 241 (1985)

Applications The main basic metabolite of Diethylpropione.
References Banci, F., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1616 (1971), Mikhailova, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 13, 49 (1978),

Applications Flurbiprofen (1S,2R,5S)-(+)-Menthyl Ester is an isomer version of Flurbiprofen rac-Menthyl Ester (M221723), a Flurbiprofen (F598700) derivative. Flurbiprofen is an anti-inflammatory used as an analgesic
References Chalmers, et al.: Ann. Rheum. Dis., 31, 319 (1972), Nishizawa, et al.: Thromb. Res., 3, 577 (1973)

Applications 1,2,4,5-Tetrahydrotestolactone is a steroid with estrogenic properties. A steroid lactone.
References Pollard, I., et al.: Steroids, 11, 897 (1968), Volovel'skii, L. N., et al.: Zh. Obshch. Khim., 43, 1414 (1973)

Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity I
Applications 14,15-Dehydro Fluocinolone Acetonide is an impurity of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800); a glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory agent.
References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964); Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007)

Applications A metabolite of Quinidine.
References Small, D.L., et al.: J. Chem. Med., 22, 1014 (1979), Guentert, T.W., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 7, 31 (1982), Rakhir, A., et al.: J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 12, 1 (1984), Christie, D.J., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 112, 92 (1988),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Benfotiamine-Amide is an analog of Benfotiamine, which is a Vitamin B1 analog. Synthetic S-acyl derivative of Thiamine (T344185).
References Stracke, H., et al.: Exper. Clin. Endocrinol., Diabetes, 116, 600 (2008), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat., Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),

Applications A Labelled metabolite of Dextrorphan.
References Gonzalez, F., et al.: Nature, 331, 442 (1988), Meyer, U., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 46, 297 (1990), Rogers, J., et al.: Am. J. Med., 113, 746 (2002), Huang, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1434 (2004),

Applications Promecarb-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of Promecarb (P756500); a carbamate pesticide.
References Knowles, C.O., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 27, 529 (1981); Pacioni, N.L., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 583, 63 (2007); Sanchez, F.G., et al.: Analyst, 116, 851 (1991)

Applications A labelled metabolite of Theophylline.
References Chen, Y., et al.: Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol., 36, 828 (2009), Yu, C., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 191, 4624 (2009), Jetter, A., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 65, 411 (2009),

Applications Abiraterone Ethyl Ether is an impurity of Abiraterone (A108490), a steroidal cytochrome P 450 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase inhibitor (CYP17), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a potential drug for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
References Denis, L., et al.: Cancer, 72, 3888 (1993); Potter, G.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 2463 (1995); Denmeade, S., et al.: Nat. Rev., 2, 389(2002); Scher, H., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 8253 (2005)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A labelled metabolite of Caffeine.
References Suto, M., et al.: Anticancer Drug Des., 6, 107 (1991), Burkart, V., et al.: Nat. Med., 5, 314 (1999), Hassa, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 45145 2003), Veres, B., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 310, 247(2004),

Applications Pemoline is a CNS stimulant. Controlled Substance.
References Connors, C.K., et al.: Psychopharacolgia, 26, 321 (1972), Schafer, E.W., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 315 (1972),

Applications Norethindrone intermediate.
References Carlin, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 20, 148 (1982), Hoffmann, R., et al.: Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 27, 373 (2002), Tarter, T., et al.: Curr. Pharm. Des., 2, 775(2006),

Applications Sulfadimethoxine-d4 is a isotope labeled version of Sulfadimethoxine (S699060), a sulfonamide antibiotic.
References Seki, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 15, 1441 (1965), Bohni, et al.: Chemotherapy, 14, 195 (1969),

Applications A fat-metabolism stimulator.
References Plotzker, R., et al.: Am. J. Med. Sci., 283, 79 (1982),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Decarboxy Cilastatin is an impurity in the synthesis of Cilastatin (C441100), prevents renal metabolism of penem and carbapenem antibiotics by specific and reversible dehydropeptidase I inhibition. Antibacterial adjunct.
References Finlay, K.R., et al.: Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci., 24, 1147 (1983), Norrby, S.R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 23, 300 (1983), Washburn, D.E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 12, 39 (1983),

Applications Velpatasvir is a NS5A inhibitor in patients with hepatitis C (HCV) infection.
References Gane, E. J., et al.: Gastroenterol., 151, 448 (2016); Feld, J. J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2599 (2015);

Applications Sodium Salt of Ampicillin, an orally active, semi-synthetic antibiotic; structurally related to penicillin. Antibacterial.
References Ivashkiv, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 1 (1973), Campoli-Richards, D.M., et al.: Drugs, 33, 577 (1987), Sill, M. L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 1551 (2008),

Applications Benzyl Trisulfide is a secondary metabolite of Petiveria alliacea, on erythrocyte elasticity, relaxation time and membrane morphol. An antibacterial and antifungal agent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mohandas, N., et al.: Semin. Hematol., 20, 225 (1983), De Sousa, J., et al.: Phytochem., 29, 3653 (1990),