Toxicology

Applications (±)-Fluazifop-d4 is a labeled analogue of (±)-Fluazifop (F407430), a grass-selective herbicide which inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase in sensitive plant species.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Walker, K.A., et. al.: Biochem. J., 254, 307 (1988); Hajslova, J., et. al.: J. Chrom., 438, 55 (1988)

Applications A labelled metabolite of Nabumetone (N200500). A competitive, non-selective COX inhibitor.
References Turpeinen et. al.: Drug Metabolism and Dispositoin, 37: 1017 (2009); Daniels, F., et al.: J. Invest. Dermatol., 44, 259 (1965), Bosca, F., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 71, 173 (2000),

Applications Ciprofibrate is a hypolipemic agent, related structurally to Clofibrate (C586910). Ciprofibrate is used as an antilipemic.
References Davison, C., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 3, 520 (1975), Arnold, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 68, 1557 (1979), Tuchman-Duplessis, H., et al.: Toxicology, 12, 1 (1979),

Applications Isotope labelled Epoxiconazole is a fungicide used to inhibit the metabolism and growth of mycelia.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gromadzka, K., et al.: Cereal. Res. Commun., 40, 518 (2012); Chen, Yu,, Plant. Disease., 96, 1495 (2012); Echeverria-Saenz, S., et al.: Sci. Total. Environ., 440, 106 (2012);

Applications A metabolite of Bentazon, a selective post-emergence herbicide.
References Klibanov, A., et al.: Science, 221, 259 (1983), Huber, R., et al.: Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 137, 111 (1994), Roper, J., et al.: Wat. Res., 29, 2720 (1995),

Applications Acts on certain olfactory receptor cell types to reduce the activating or attracting effect of odor sources.Insect repellent.
References Boeckh, J., et al.: Pestic. Sci., 48, 359 (1996), Yap, H.H., et al.: J. Vector Ecol., 23, 62 (1998),

Impurity Norethindrone Acetate EP Impurity F
Applications 6β-Hydroxy Norethindrone Acetate (Norethindrone Acetate EP Impurity F) is an oxidative product of the drug Norethindrone (N676000). Norethindrone impurity.
References Reif, V., et al.: Pharmaceutical Res., 4, 54 (1987), Rao, P., et al.: Steroids, 59, 621 (1994),

Applications Thifensulfuron-methyl is a sulfonylurea herbicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Zhuang, Q-K., et al.: Huanjing Yu Jiankang Zazhi, 32, 621-623 (2015)

Applications Amfenac is an antibacterial agent for the treatment of otitis externa.
References Sofia, R.D., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Communications, 11, 179 (1979),

Applications Flupyradifurone (F598615), the unlabelled version of Flupyradifurone-d5, can be used as an insecticide.
References Anon, IP.com J., 12, 19 (2011)

Applications A metabolite of Benzydamine (B209950).
References Kataoka, S., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 21, 358 (1973),

Applications Iron Saccharate has been used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia associated with different chronic diseases.
References Stein, J., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opinion, 28, 241 (2012),

Applications Paraquat is a quarternary nitrogen compound that is used as an herbicide to eliminate unwanted weeds and grasses by inducing superoxide production in the mitochondria, causing a great deal of oxidative damage. Paraquat is highly toxic to humans, causing acute poisoning, lung damage and death. Paraquat is also thought to cause Parkinson’s disease.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Cochemé, H., & Murphy, M.: J. Biol. Chem., 283, 1786 (2008); Suntres, Z.: Toxicology, 180, 65 (2002); Yang, W., et al.: J. Toxicol. Env. Heal. Part A: 71, 289 (2008)

Applications Sarolaner is used in the making of formulations for the control of ticks in cats, and flea infestations in dogs. A parasiiticide.
References Vatta, A. F., et al.: Veterinary Parasitol., 270, S19 (2019), Packianathan, R., et al.: Parasit. Vectors, 10, 387 (2017)

Applications 2-Hydroxydesipramine Dihydrochloride is a metabolite of Desipramine (D290050), a tricyclic antidepressant that is a more potent inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter than the serotonin transporter.
References De Jongh, G.D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 2, 48 (1981); Suckow, R.F., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 73, 1745 (1984); Fraser, A.D., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 11,168 (1987); Checkley, S.A, et al.: Br. J. Psychiatry, 138. 248 (1981); Zhu, M.Y., et al.: J. Neurochem., 70, 1547 (1998); Okugawa, G., et al.: J. Neuroindocrinol., 11, 887 (1999); Torres, G.E., et al.: Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 4, 13 (2003)

Applications Insect growth regulator. Insecticide.
References Hall, R.D., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 73, 564 (1980), Hart, R.J., et al.: Aust. Vet. J., 59, 104 (1982),

Applications 1-Chloro-4-[(methylsulfonyl)methyl]benzene is a metabolite of the pesticide benthiocarb (T344255).
References Ishikawa, K., et al.: Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi, 1, 49 (1976); Ishii, Y., et al.: Dokl. Soobshch. - Mezhdunar. Kongr. Zashch. Rast., 8th, 3, 223 (1975); Duah-Yentumi, S., et al.: Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 26, 541 (1980)

Impurity Quetiapine EP Impurity R
Applications Fumaric Acid Monoethyl Ester (Quetiapine EP Impurity R) is an anti-psoriatic fumaric acid ester. Fumaric Acid Monoethyl Ester inhibited thymidine-14C incorporation into DNA by cultured human lymphocytes. Fumaric Acid Monoethyl Ester has been shown to evoke transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration and inhibit proliferation of human keratinocytes.
References Hagedorn, M. et al.: Arch. Dermatol. Res., 254, 67 (1975); Thio, H.B. et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 131, 856 (1994); Rostami-Yazdi, M. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 302, 531 (2010);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Troglitazone Sulfate is the major metabolite of Troglitazone (T892500), a hypoglycemic agent with cholestatic effect.
References Ciaraldi, T.P., et al.: Metabolism, 39, 1056 (1990); Kuzuya, T., et al.: Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 11, 147 (1991); Kellerer, M., et al.: Diabetes, 43, 447 (1994); Adachi, Y., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 923 (2005);

Applications Possible Progesterone metabolite.
References Meng, L., et al.: J. Hepatol., 27, 346 (1997), Ho, C., et al.: Biochem., 45, 5695 (2006),

Applications Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate is an chemotherapy drug for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate exhibit inhibitory activities towards thymidylate synthase as well as other folate dependent enzymes.
References Vogelzang, N.J., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 21,2636 (2003); Paz-Ares, L., et al.: Lancet. Oncol., 13, 247 (2012);

Applications Oxychloroaphine is a simple phenazine with weak antifungal activity.

Applications Calcium regulator. Preparation by reduction of Tachysterol. It is widely used for hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism following surgical removal of parathyroids.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Schilling, T., et al.: Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 105, 237 (1997), Bushinsky, D., et al.: Lancet, 352, 306 (1998), Jehle, D., et al.: J. Med., 30, 39 (1999), Winer, K., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4214 (2003),

Applications Selective herbicide. Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and skin; dermatitis, skin sensitization; dyspnea, weakness, incoordination, salivation; hypothermia; liver injury.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs)
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Dalgaard-Mikkelsen, S., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 14, 225 (1962), Muller, K., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 31, 309 (2002), Backhaus, T., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 258 (2004),

Impurity Ciprofloxacin USP Related Compound A / EP Impurity D
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 7-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-4-oxo-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride is an impurity in the synthesis of Ciprofloxacin (C482500), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)

Applications N-carbamoylformimidamide Tritosulfuron is a metabolite of Tritosulfuron (T886903) is a sulfonylurea herbicide found in in ground, surface and wastewater.
References Fenoll, J., et al.: Talanta, 101, 273 (2012); Huntscha, S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 1268, 74 (2012); Reemtsma, T., et al.: Water Res., 47, 5535 (2013);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Amisulpride (A633250). Amisulpride is a neuroleptic agent, an analogue of Sulpiride (S689145). Amisulpride is used as an antipsychotic. Amisulpride is a dopamine receptor antagonist.
References Protais, P., et al.: Neuropharmacol., 24, 861 (1985), Perrault, G., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 280, 73 (1997),

Applications N-Propylphosphorothioic triamide is used to significantly reduce ammonia volatilization in urea.
References Sunderlage, B., et al.: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 82, 253 (2018)

Applications A labelled Phentolamine (P302550). An adrenergic blocking agent. An antihypertensive. Used for the treatment of pheochromocytoma.
References Meier, R., et al.: Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 71, 70 (1949), Spergel, G., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 211, 266 (1970), Gould, L. and Reddy, C.V.R.: Am. Heart J., 92, 397 (1976)

Applications 2,6-Difluorobenzamide (CAS# 18063-03-1) is a useful building block used in the synthesis of (E)-3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones via oxidative annulation acrylates.
References Laha, J. K.; et al.: J. Org. Chem., 82, 7346 (2017).

Applications Dimoxystrobin is a pesticide component used for its antifungal activity.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hvezdova, M. et al.: Sci. Total. Env., 613-614, 361 (2018);

Applications Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Salari, H., et al.: Prostagland. Leukotrienes Med., 13, 53 (1984), Lehmann, J.M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 3406 (1997)

Applications Labelled Nizatidine. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist related to Ranitidine (R120000). Antiulcerative.
References Callaghan, J.T., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 37, 162 (1985), Secor, J.W., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 20, 710 (1985), Knadler, M.P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 14, 175 (1986), Wozniak, T.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 397(1990)

Applications Labelled Carbamazepine (C175840). Used in treatment of pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia. Anticonvulsant.
References Stenger, E.G., et al.: Med. Exp., 11, 191 (1964), Pynnonen, S., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 1, 409 (1979), Sidebottom, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 20, 31 (1995)

Applications Hormone; mediates photoperiodicity in mammals; inhibits cerebellar nitric oxide synthetase; peroxynitrite scavenger. Melatonin has complex effects on apoptotic pathways, inhibiting apoptosis in immune cells and neurons but enhancing apoptotic cell death of cancer cells. Inhibits proliferation/metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting estrogen receptor action.
References Barchas, et al.: Nature, 214, 919 (1967), Glass, J.D., et al.: Science, 214, 821 (1981),

Applications Brivaracetam-d7, is the labeled analogue of Brivaracetam (B677645), which is a 4-n-propyl analog of levetiracetam (L331500), and a racetam derivative with anticonvulsant properties.
References Rosenstiel, P., et al.:Neurotherapeutics, 4 (1), 84 (2007);

Applications A isothiazolidin-3-one derivative as antimicrobial. It was tested for inhibition of PCAF activity. 5-Chloroisothiazolinones showed the most potent inhibition of PCAF.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Sadhale, P.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 33716 (2004), Thomsen, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 3315 (2006),

Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity J
Applications 9α-Fluoro-11β-hydroxy-16-β-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17(R)-spiro-2’-[4’-chloro-5’-ethylfuran-3’(2’H)-one (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity J) is an impurity in the synthesis of Clobetasol 17-Propionate (C583500), a topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.
References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),