Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Applications 2',7'-Difluorofluorescein is a reactant used in the synthesis of biarsenical probes that inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatases.<br>References Pomorski, A., et. al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 13, 1395 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications L-Cysteine is a non-essential amino acid that can be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available. L-Cysteine is commonly used as a precursor in the food and pharmaceutical industries. L-Cysteine is used as a processing aid for baking, as an additive in cigarettes, as well as in the preparation of meat flavours.<br>References Hui, N. et al.: Meat Sci. Appl., 74 (2001); Kiviharju, K. et al.: J. Biotechnol., 117, 299 (2005); Pecivova, P. et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 90, 1681 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Disperse Orange 37 is an orange azo dye used in plastics. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Okada, Y. et al.: Color. Tech., 126, 127 (2010); Alicilar, A. et al.: Chin. J. Chem. Phys., 23, 368 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Malachite Green in seafood products. A labelled triphenylmethane dye with fungicidal and limited antiseptic activity. The term Malachine green applies to the oxalate as well as the chloride. Harmful if swallowed. Avoid release to the environment.<br>References Carter, S.G., et al.: J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 7, 7 (1982), Saikan, S., et al.: J. Chem. Phys., 79, 4154 (1983), Clemmensen, S., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 56, 43 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,4'-Methylenebis-benzen-2,6-d2-amine is the labelled compound form of 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (M304180) which is used in the production of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins (1). Potential contributor in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats through alteration of the serotenergic transport system (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Hebert, V., et al.: Cardiovas. Toxicol., 11, 316-24 (2011); Carroll-Turpin, M., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 147, 235-45 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Muricholic Acid is an bile acid found in urine. Studies have linked α-Muricholic in the understanding of the complex signaling pathways of hepatic lipid abnormalities with type 2 diabetes and a treatment target for this condition.<br>References Haeusier, R.A., et al.: Cell. Metabolism., 15, 65 (2012); Chen, K.H., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 301, E853 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9 is an isotope labelled analog of sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (G598700); a phospholipid and precursor in choline biosynthesis. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine is an intermediate in the catabolic pathway of phosphatidylcholine and is used as an nootropic.<br>References Schmidt, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 161, 523 (1945); Frattola, L., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 49, 683 (1991); Olson, D., et al.: Science, 270, 1967 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Catecholamines.<br>References Kopin, I.J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2109 (1961), Short, F.W., et al.: J. Med. Pharm. Chem., 5, 642 (1962)<br></p>

<p>Applications Flumorph can be used in analytical study of simultaneous determination of 106 pesticides in nuts by LC-​MS​/MS using freeze-​out combined with dispersive solid-​phase extraction purification.<br>References Wang, J., et al.: J Sep Sci, 40, 2398 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihexadecyldimethylammonium Chloride is used in hair cosmetic as a emulsion agent.<br>References Guimaraes, J. P. D., et al., PCT Int. Appl. (2020), WO 2020257889 A1;<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethionine-induced inhibition of protein synthesis and lowering of ATP level in the liver.<br>References Rotig, A., et al.: Lancet, 356, 391 (2000), Forsgren, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 382, 519 (2004), Johnson, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 31397 (2005), Horvath, R., et al.: Neurology, 66, 253 (2006), Mollet, M., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 117, 765 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Phalloidin is an F-actin stabilizing toxin and aids cytoskeletal deorganization in WPMY-1 cells. Phalloidin belongs to a class of toxins called phallotoxins, which are found in the death cap mushroom<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, Y., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 173, 3342-3358 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phytosiderophores are produced in higher plants as iron chelating amino acids that promote uptake of iron from soil.<br>References Klair, S., et al.: J. Plant Nutr., 19, 1295 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Fluorescent label for glycoproteins and saccharides.Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Wang, D., et al.: Langmuir, 17, 1262 (2001), Cappuccio, F., et al.: J. Fluoresc., 14, 521 (2004), Cordes, D., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 3, 1708 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-S-(2,5-dimethylbenzene)-L-cysteine-d3 (cas# 1331909-07-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Gonzalez-Reche, L., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 77, 80 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A potential inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase.<br>References Wolcott, T.G., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 57, 709 (1974), Knowles, P.F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 114, 139 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hansa Yellow is used in method for dyeing keratinous material, comprising the use of an Organosilicon compound, a Chromophoric compound and a film-forming polymer II.<br>References Krohn, R., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., (2020);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Abacavir-d4 is deuterium labeled Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline-d5 labelled compound of N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline (N529925) which is used in the preparation of resin.<br>References Miura, K., et al.: Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2020), JP 2020029543 A<br></p>

<p>Applications Potent crosslinking inhibitors.<br>References Sloan, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 23740 (1999).<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Dimethylaminopurine-9-riboside (cas# 2620-62-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Elion, G.B., et al.: JACS, 74, 411-414 (1952), Kelley, J.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 32, 1020-1024 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Saccharopine is a product of breakdown of essential amino acid Lysine (L468895). Saccharopine is also part of the α-aminoadipate pathway of fungal lysine biosynthesis.<br>References Higashino, K., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 20, 285 (1965); Johansson, E., et al.: Structure, 8, 1037 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Vitamin D, a possible anti-inflammatory steroid.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Boyan, B., et al.: Steroids, 66, 363 (2001), Holick, M., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 88, 296 (2003), Vogeser, M., et al.: Clin. Chem., 50, 1415 (2004), Singh, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 3055 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Indolepropionic-d2 acid is deuterium labelled 3-Indolepropionic acid (I627170). 3-Indolepropionic acid is a deamination product of Tryptophan (T947200) that protects the hippocampus (studied in gerbils) from ischemic damage and oxidative stress. It’s ability to protect the neurons in this way is attributed to its potent antioxidative effects. 3-Indolepropionic acid is also hypothesized to have protective effects on the thyroid gland.<br>References Hwang, I., et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 87, 2126 (2009); Karbownik, M., et al.: J. Cell. Biochem., 95, 131 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A fragment of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) peptide sequence containing the 34 N-terminal residues of hPTH. This fragment was also found to be an agonist at PTH1 and PTH2 receptors.<br>References Niall, et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 71, 384 (1974); Dobnig,T., et al.: Endocrinol., 138, 4607 (1997); Manabe. et al.: Bone., 40, 1475 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications BQ 788 is an endothelin type B (ETB) receptor antagonist and is a potential antidote for the cardiovascular toxicity with hypotension and bradycardia.<br>References Arici, M.A.A., et. al.: Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 32, 316 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Phenylazophenol is a diaryl-azo derivative with potential use as potential antifungal agents. 4-Phenylazophenol is an azo dye with toxic effects as well as a being a soil contaminant. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Xu, H. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 4193 (2010); Spadaro, J.T. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 2397 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bimatoprost Acid is an impurity of the antiglaucoma agent Bimatoprost (B386820).Bimatoprost Acid is a metabolically stable analog of PGF2α (P838625) and is a potent agonist for the FP receptor.<br>References Balapure, A.K. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38, 2375 (1989); Hellberg, M.R. et al.: J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 19, 97 (2003); Krishna, P.M. et al.: J. Pharm. res., 4, 2381 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications n-Octyl-oligo-oxyethylene is a detergent for useful solubilization, purification and crystallization of proteins.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N-Dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, Dihydrochloride (cas# 3575-32-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications An amine reactive homobifunctional crosslinking reagent. Used to crosslink ß-endorphin to opioid receptors.Spacer Arm: 13.0 Angstroms<br>References Zarling, D.A., et al.: J. Immunol., 124, 913 (1980), Howard, A.D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 260, 10833 (1985), Bouizar, Z., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 155, 141 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isopar G (cas# 90622-57-4 ) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of L-Vailne. L-Valine is an essential amino acid and one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine cannot be manufactured by the body and must be acquired through diet or supplementation. L-valine is found in grains, dairy products, mushrooms, meats, peanuts and soy proteins. L-Valine has been used in studies to attenuate arrhythmias and induce hypotensive effects.<br>References Choi, C.W. et al.: Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 102, 15 (2002); Kolarski, D. et al.: Krmiva, 30, 155 (1988); Oba, M. et al.: J. Dairy Sci., 93, 2044 (2010); Mitrega, K. et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 64, 218 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin A is a major metabolite of ellagitannin and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications An inhibitor of RNA synthesis (causes premature termination of transcription).<br>References Braedlye, J. and Sporns, O.: Brain Res., 815, 140 (1999), Ljungman, M., et al.: Oncogene, 18, 583 (1999), Roele, R.H., et al.: Oncogene, 18, 5765 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 12-Hydroxylauric Acid is used in the structural and functional characterization of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase from Solanum lycopersicum.<br>References Kubienova, L., et. al.: Biochimie, 95, 889 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Carboxyfluorescein Dipivalate N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester is used as a probe in fluorescent dye labeled terminators for DNA sequencing.<br>References Nampalli, S., et al.: Bioconjugate Chem., 13, 468 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium (cas# 9004-32-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A mixture of 2 metabolites of Styrene. The 2 regioisomers are in a roughly 3: 1ratio<br>References Ryan, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 5, 363 (1977), Delbressine, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 11, 589 (1981), Truchon, G., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 227 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rabeprazole EP Impurity I<br>Applications Rabeprazole Sulfone N-Oxide (Rabeprazole EP Impurity I) is a potential impurity of Rabeprazole (R070500) sodium.<br>References Fujisaki, H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 42, 321 (1991), Morri, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 21553 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methylbutyrylglycine is one of the acylglycines, an important class of metabolites that have been used in the diagnosis of several “inborn errors of metabolism” (IEM).<br>References Costa, C., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 21, 1215 (2000), Garcia-Villoria, J., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 2 (2009), Scalbert, A., et al.: Metabolomics, 5, 435 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Amino-6-mercaptopurine-9-D-riboside Hydrate (cas# 345909-25-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive. This compound can rearrange to the 1,3-isomer in solutio<br>Applications Activator of phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C; and stimulator of secretion and aggregation in blood platelets.x<br>References Nature, 306, 487 (1983), J. Biol. Chem., 258, 6701 (1983), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 115, 383 (1983), Benz, I., et al.: J. Membr. Biol., 130, 183 (1992), Haeffner, E.W., et al.: J. Lipid Mediat., 5, 237 (1992), Florin-Christensen, J., et al.: Biochem. J., 289, 783 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tricaprylin is used in biological studies for fatty acid selectivity of lipases during acidolysis reaction between oleic acid and monoacid triacylglycerols.<br>References Karabulut, I., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 57, 10466 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Acid violet 17 is an anionic dye used in adsorption studies and to dye proteins in electrophoresis applications. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Ribavirin.<br>References Allen, L.B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 742 (1978), Zimmerman, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 709 (1978), Page, T., et al.: Int. J. Biochem., 22, 379 (1990), Lin, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 1395 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Pigment Green 7 (CAS# 1328-53-6) is an organometallic pigment used in tattoo inks and plastics.<br>References Persechino, S., et al.: Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 206, 547 (2019); Ivleva, N. P.; et al.: Nachr. Chem., 63, 46 (2015); Tavanaie, M. A.; Dyes and Pigments, 114, 267 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Alkylated Diphenylamines are a derivative of aniline, a common chemical reagent. Good antioxidant agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications Amantadine is useful in biology studies. Particularly it has been used for solid-state NMR and membrane protein studies.<br>References Shigeta, A., et al.: New Developments in NMR, 20, 457 (2019)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications α-Glycosidase inhibitor.<br>References van de Water, F., et al.: Drug Metab. Rev., 37, 443 (2005), Koepsell, H., et al.: Pharm. Res., 24, 1227 (2007), Jappar, D., et al.: Pharm. Res., 26, 172 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-20-Hydroxyecdysone regulates gene transcription via a genomic pathway through a transcription complex that is formed.<br>References Liu, W. et al.: Endocrinol., 155, 1738 (2014); Wang, Q. et al.: Plant Physiol. Biochem., 84, 1 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydrogen bonding in 8-Azaadenosine was examined in this study.8-Azaadenosine is one of the best substrates of highly purified rabbit liver adenosine kinase.<br>References Jeffrey, G., et al.: Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 7, 336 (1985).Miller, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 254, 2346 (1979).<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-nicotinonitrile<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled N-Acetyl-S-(carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (A171870). N-Acetyl-S-(carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine is the urinary metabolite of Acrylamide (AA). Acrylamide is formed during the heating of food and is classified as a genotoxic carcinogen.<br>References Besaratinia, A., et al.: Mutat. Res., 80, 31 (2005), Bjellaas, T., et al.: Xenobiotica, 35, 1003 (2005), Bjellaas, T., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 45, 1020 (2007), Bjellaas, T., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 98, 110 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-chiro Inositol (cas# 643-12-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Propylmalonic acid (cas# 616-62-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Apalutamide has been exploresd asthiohydantion androgen receptor antagonist for treament of cancer<br>References Bignan, G.C. PCT Int. Appl. (2018), WO 2018037342 A1 20180301.<br></p>

<p>Applications A pro-drug of Dexamethasone (D298800), an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid. It was found that liposomal DXM-P inhibited both chronic inflammation and joint destruction, whereas free DXM-P failed to prevent joint destruction.<br>References Kodelja, V., et al.: J. Immunol., 160, 1411 (1998), Metselaar, J., et al.: Arthritis Rheum., 48, 2059 (2003), Buttgereit, F., et al.: Arthritis Rheum., 50, 3408 (2004), Martinez, F., et al.: Front Biosci., 13, 453 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Equol and R-Equol are metabolites of the soy isoflavones Daidzein (D103500) and Genistein. Both have significant biological actions.<br>References Heinonen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 274, 211 (1999), Setchell, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 132, 3577 (2002), Thigpen, J., et al.: Comp. Med., 53, 607 (2003), Yee, S., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2713 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyceryl Monothioglycolate is used as an ingredient of hair permanent wave-setting or straightening agents.<br>References Kuzuhara, A.: Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2013), JP 2013249274 A 20131212.; Savaides, A., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2014), US 20140261518 A1 20140918<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). Cholesterol oxidation product having cytotoxicity effects.<br>References Higley, N., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 983 (1984), Emanuel, H., et al.: J. Food Sci., 56, 843 (1991), Kilsdonk, E., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 505 (1995), Cantwell, H., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 14, 401 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Capecitabine is an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).<br>References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications DL-Homocysteine-d4 is used in the detection of the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of volatile aroma compound 2-methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-one by the bacterium Chitinophaga.<br>References Nawrath, T., et al.: ChemBioChem., 11, 1914-1919 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Intermediate for transsulfuration whereby a mammal transfers the sulfur of methionine via homocysteine to cysteine.<br>References Thompson, J.W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 266, 17011 (1991), Yoshida, Y., et al.: Microbiol., 148, 3961 (2002), Jiracek, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 3982 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Diethylamino-3-(4-maleimidophenyl)-4-methylcoumarin is a thiol-reactive fluorescent probe. 7-Diethylamino-3-(4-maleimidophenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) is a thiol-reactive fluorescent probe. CPM selectively forms Michael adducts in the presence of hyperreactive sulfhydryls. CPM has been used to monitor the release of thiols, quantitate thiol in microplate reactions, and to distinguish proliferating cancer cells by nucleolar protein staining. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References 1. Sippel, T.O. 1981. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29: 1377-1381. PMID: 73204962. Liu, G., et al. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 33028-33034. PMID: 78065313. Liu, G., et al. 1994. Mol. Pharmacol. 45: 189-200. PMID: 81146704. Feng, W., et al. 1999. Mol. Pharmacol. 55: 821-831. PMID: 102205605. Han, M.S., et al. 2004. J. Org. Chem. 69: 2853-2855. PMID: 150749386. Ptak, C.P., et al. 2005. Biochemistry. 44: 62-71. PMID: 156288467. Khersonsky, O., et al. 2006. Chembiochem. 7: 49-53. PMID: 16329153<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Mercapto-1-undecanol 97% (cas# 73768-94-2) is a useful research chemical11-Mercaptoundecanol his compound is used to produce hydrophilic Self-assembled monolayers. The resulting monolayers which are terminated with alcohols can be further functionalized.<br>References Belling, J., et al.: ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces., (2020); Hong, S., et al.: Repub. Korea., 19 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Crotonaldehyde.<br>References Gray, J.M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 55 (1971), Chung, F., et al.: Mutat. Res., 424, 71 (1999), Smith, C., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Pan, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 367 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A halogenated uridine derivative used in pharmaceutical compositions.<br>References Brammer, K., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 72, 217 (1963), Uesugi, S., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 26, 3040 (1978)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hepes<br></p>

<p>Applications Celgosivir is an α-glucosidase I inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications Choline p-Toluenesulfonate Salt is a useful intermediate as well as a choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) substrate.<br>References Brockerhoff, H., et al.: N.K.N., Lipids, 14, 88 (1979);<br></p>