Building Blocks

<p>2,4-Bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde is a prenylated aromatic compound that has been shown to have potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. This effect was seen in murine melanoma cells and was found to be reversible. 2,4-Bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde also showed an inhibitory effect on the production of phytoalexins in plants. When combined with hydrochloric acid, 2,4-Bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde inhibits tyrosinase activity by interacting with the chloride ion on the enzyme's active site.</p>

<p>Ethyl 2,4-dioxohexanoate (EDOH) is a bioactive molecule that can be used as a disinfectant. It reacts with propionyl to form an acid carboxylate, which has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. EDOH is also used in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as tebufenpyrad. The reaction yield and time depend on the solvent used. For instance, EDOH reacts better in dimethylformamide than in water or methanol. Reaction of EDOH with phenoxy leads to amide formation and subsequent cyclization to form a new ring system.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

2-(2-bromoethoxy)naphthalene (2BEEN) is a white or light yellow crystalline solid. It has a molecular weight of 198.8 and an empirical formula of C14H16BrO. 2BEEN is structurally related to piperazine, but the bromine atom at the 2 position in 2BEEN provides a linkage with the ethoxy group at the 4 position, which can orient in two possible orientations. The compound exhibits cis-trans conformational torsion and dihedral angles that are similar to those found in piperazine.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

4-Hydroxy-7-methyl-[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid is a compound that has been shown to be an antibacterial agent. It has been shown to selectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria by binding to the bacterial cell wall. 4-Hydroxy-7-methyl-[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid binds to amino acids in the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall and inhibits the crosslinking of these amino acids with divalent ions such as calcium and magnesium. This leads to changes in solvation structures and decreases in hydrogen bonding interactions, which reduces the stability of the peptidoglycan layer. The spectrum for this molecule is anharmonic, which means that it does not have a harmonic frequency but instead has many frequencies that are related by integer numbers. The molecule can exist in three different forms: two tautomers (keto form

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>(Pyridin-4-yl)urea is a ligand with affinity for the neurohormonal receptor urotensin. The binding affinity of this ligand to the urotensin receptor is in the low nanomolar range. (Pyridin-4-yl)urea binds to the urotensin receptor with a higher affinity than its natural ligands, which are small peptides. This compound has been shown to act as a potent antagonist of urotensin, inhibiting its function and blocking the release of its natural agonists, vasopressin and oxytocin. (Pyridin-4-yl)urea has also been shown to inhibit the binding of vasopressin or oxytocin to their specific receptors on cells, which may lead to an increased production of these hormones in vitro.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

The molecular formula of 4-Phenylphenyl)urea is C8H7N3O2 and its molecular weight is 186.19 g/mol. The chemical name for 4-Phenylphenyl)urea is (4-phenylphenyl) urea. It has a melting point of 192°C, a boiling point of 334°C, and a density of 1.12 g/cm3. 4-Phenylphenyl)urea crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group Pbca and lattice constants a = 8.068 Å, b = 7.957 Å, c = 12.096 Å and β = 116°. It has hydrogen bonds to water molecules as well as to itself through hydrogen bonds with the amide NH groups on the urea moiety and the phenyl ring on one molecule forming hydrogen bonds with other phenyl rings on adjacent molecules.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-(2-Bromophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole is a halogenated aromatic compound that has been used in electrochemical studies. It can be synthesized by the reaction of bromine with 2,4-dinitrobenzene. The compound exhibits a number of functional groups including nitro and bromo groups. One of the most notable properties of this compound is its ability to act as an efficient electrocatalyst for the reduction of chloride ions to hydrogen gas. 2-(2-Bromophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole also has potentiodynamic polarization properties and has been shown to catalyze the reduction of a number of organic compounds including propane, butane, pentane, hexane and heptane. This compound is also used in microscopy simulations to study unsymmetrical molecules.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpentanoic acid is a chiral compound with two stereoisomers, the L and D configurations. The L form has been shown to be an enantiomer of propiophenone, which is an ester that reacts in the presence of acetate and hydrogen chloride to form 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanoic acid acetate. This reaction is a condensation reaction. The D form has been shown to be an enantiomer of propiophenone, which is an ester that reacts in the presence of acetate and hydrogen chloride to form 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanoic acid acetate. This reaction is a condensation reaction. 3HPP can also be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis or hydrolysis.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-(4-Methylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide is a carbonyl compound. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is involved in muscle contraction. This inhibition causes paralysis and death in insects. 4-(4-Methylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide has also been shown to be active against gram-negative bacteria. The structure of this molecule was determined by its vibrational spectra and multinuclear NMR data. 4-(4-Methylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide stabilizes the dihedral angle between two nitrogen atoms, which are necessary for formation rate.</p>

<p>4-Bromobut-2-yn-1-ol is a chemical compound belonging to the group of thyroid hormones. It is a potent thyromimetic that has been used in cancer research and genetic disease studies. 4-Bromobut-2-yn-1-ol binds to hormone receptors, thereby initiating a response in cells. This compound has been shown to induce mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, as well as gene expression changes in mutant cells. 4-Bromobut-2-yn-1-ol is also cardiotoxic, with an ID50 value of 0.06 mg/kg body weight.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>(2-Bromoethyl)oxirane is an industrial chemical that is a reactive, hydroxylated amine. It is used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. (2-Bromoethyl)oxirane has been shown to induce cancer in animals, and it has also been shown to be carcinogenic in humans. The reaction with hydroxyl groups on proteins leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that can cause damage to DNA. This chemical may also react with dopamine, which may contribute to degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Chloro-pyridine-3-sulfonic acid amide is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of biologically potent compounds. It is a noncatalytic amidine that can be prepared by the reaction of 2-chloropyridine with sulfur dioxide and ammonia. 2-Chloro-pyridine-3-sulfonic acid amide has been used as a nucleophile to form chlorides, amidines, and other functionalized chlorides. It is also used in the preparation of chlorinated ethers.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Pyridine, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- is a ligand that binds to anions. It has been used as a catalyst for the synthesis of vinyl ethers and lactams. Pyridine, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- can be formed from 1-pyridinium ion (from the oxidation of pyridine) and 2-propenal. This reaction is catalyzed by silver ions in the presence of light or heat. Pyridine, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- is also a component of polymer matrices for solar cells.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Methyl 8-bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylate is a yellow, thermosetting, tinctorial, and pigmented intermediate that is used in the synthesis of anthraquinone dyes. It can be synthesized by reacting aniline with formaldehyde and bromine. Methyl 8-bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylate has a lightfastness rating of good to very good and has been shown to be resistant to high energy radiation. This compound is used in the production of automotive coatings and as a dye intermediate for lightfast colors. Methyl 8-bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylate is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of isoindolinone dyes.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4,5-Dibromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde is a dehalogenation agent that can be used to convert bromides to thiols. It is a versatile reagent that can be used in Suzuki and coupling reactions with minimal effort. The regioselective use of this reagent has been shown using the coupling of 2,6-dibromo-4-methylthiophene and benzaldehyde.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>N-Desmethyl azatadine is a piperidinecarboxylic acid, which is an active metabolite of the antihistamine loratadine and the decongestant azatadine. It is used in the treatment of chronic cough associated with reflux. N-Desmethyl azatadine has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of chronic cough in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or symptomatic GERD. This drug binds to histamine H1 receptors, inhibiting histamine binding and blocking its effects on the body. N-Desmethyl azatadine also inhibits the production of acid by bacteria in the stomach, decreasing acidity and improving symptoms of GERD.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-[4-(Acetyloxy)phenyl]acetic acid is a chemical compound that can be synthesized in the laboratory. The compound has a conjugated system at the 4-position of the phenyl ring and a hydroxyl group at the 2-position. This molecule has been used as an intermediate to produce other molecules, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. It is also used to study the conformational changes of protein binding sites and for evaluating the effects of ligands on allosteric binding. 2-[4-(Acetyloxy)phenyl]acetic acid can be processed at room temperature, which makes its use in industry more practical than other compounds. It has been shown to prevent cell proliferation by inhibiting transcriptional activation and by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>6-Methoxy pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid is a heterocyclic carboxylic acid that has been shown to be an effective herbicide, molluscicide, and insecticide. It is used as a plant growth regulator in the treatment of rice blast disease. 6-Methoxy pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid also has synergistic effects when combined with other herbicides, such as 2,4-D. This compound can be used as a disinfectant or insect repellent due to its ability to kill insects by interfering with their pheromones. 6-Methoxy pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid is an insecticidal agent that belongs to the group of pyrazole derivatives. It is effective against many different types of insects including mosquitoes, cockroaches, and termites. It works by interfering with the synthesis of proteins that are necessary for cellular respiration in insects</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>1-(5-Bromo-1-benzofuran-2-yl)ethanone (5BBF) is an activated brominated benzofuran derivative. It has been shown to inhibit the formation of heterocyclic amines, which are known to be carcinogenic. 5BBF also inhibits the activation of chalcone into chloroacetone by cross-coupling reactions with hydrochloric acid and ethylidene chloride. This compound is a potential candidate for the prevention of cancer from dietary sources due to its ability to inhibit the formation of carcinogens in food.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Methyltetradecan-1-ol is an attractant and extract that is obtained by reesterification and saponification of sawflies. It has been shown to be effective as an attractant against neodiprion, a type of insect. 2-Methyltetradecan-1-ol has also been synthesized in the laboratory. The synthesis of this chemical is racemic, which means that it can react with either enantiomer of other organic compounds. Esterification reactions are used to make esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols, which are the main building blocks for many synthetic chemicals.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Acetaminophen is a drug that has been used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent. It is most commonly used in the United States for pain relief from headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, colds and other minor ailments. Acetaminophen can cause liver injury when taken in large doses or on an empty stomach. This drug's toxicity may be due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of glutathione ethyl ester (GTE) by cytochrome P450 isozymes. The GTE is a major antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative stress and it has been shown to be hepatoprotective in animals. The acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity may also be due to the inhibition of protein synthesis by acetaminophen at physiological levels.

(1R,2S,4S)-rel-7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid is a carbamate that is a selective antagonist of the a2a receptor. It can be used for the treatment of glaucoma and other diseases involving the a2a receptor. The lipase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of (1R,2S,4S)-rel-7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid to yield an enantiomerically pure butyl ester that is then converted by hydrazine into an enantiomerically pure heptane-2-carboxylic acid product. This process occurs in microreactors at high yields and with minimal use of organic solvents, making it scalable and economically viable for industrial production.

<p>PK11007 is a novel anticancer drug that has been shown to have an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer cell lines. PK11007 binds to DNA and inhibits the transcriptional regulation of genes. It also has been shown to be a predictive biomarker for prognosis, as well as being sensitive to changes in cellular environment. This drug is synthesized from the secondary metabolite dibenzo[a,j]pyrene-7,8-diol, which is found in Astragalus membranaceus. The synthesis method involves the use of palladium catalyzed reductive amination and oxidation of dibenzo[a,j]pyrene-7,8-diol with sodium sulfide.</p>

<p>5-Chloro-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine (CMP) is a herbicide that inhibits the growth of plants by blocking photosynthesis. It prevents the production of chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. CMP has been shown to be effective against weeds in Australia, where it is used as a preemergence herbicide on rice fields. This compound also has a tendency to decarboxylate and form methyl sulfates when heated or when exposed to ultraviolet light. CMP is an electrophile and reacts with nucleophiles such as sulfates, hydroxyl groups, and aromatic rings.</p>

<p>Dodecanedial is a biological compound that is activated by radiation and has been shown to have cancer-fighting properties. Dodecanedial can be used in the synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol, which is used in the production of vinyl alcohol, a precursor for many organic compounds. Dodecanedial binds to insulin receptors and has been shown to prevent the development of insulin resistance. It also inhibits pancreatitis by suppressing lipase activity. Dodecanedial has been shown to react with potassium phosphate, forming dodecane-1,2-diolate potassium phosphate. This reaction vessel is an important step in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds such as insulin and thyroxine.</p>

<p>3-Bromomethyl-1-benzofuran (3BMBF) is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. It is structurally related to the antipsychotic drug benperidol, but has a higher affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor. 3BMBF has shown selectivity for the dopamine D2 receptor, with little effect on other receptors such as the serotonin 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors. 3BMBF is an aromatic compound with a heteroaromatic ring system that has been shown to have high affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>3- (4-Methylphenyl)-2-oxopropanoic acid is an aromatic amino acid that is formed by the biotransformations of phenylpyruvic acid. The compound has been found to be a substrate for transaminases and can be converted to semicarbazone, an intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs. 3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxopropanoic acid has also been used as a catalyst for escherichia coli recombinant cells and e. coli recombinant cells.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3-methoxypyrazine is a metabolite of the compound crocatus, which is found in the soil. Crocatus has been shown to inhibit the biosynthesis of geosmin, a volatile organic compound that can be responsible for the earthy or musty smells often associated with wet soils. 2-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3-methoxypyrazine is also produced by the myxobacterium species Chondromyces crocatus, and it has been shown that this metabolite inhibits bacterial growth by binding to RNA polymerase. This process prevents transcription, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Benzoyl-1H-imidazole is a cancer drug that has been shown to be effective against prostate cancer. 2-Benzoyl-1H-imidazole is a reaction product of 1,2,4-triazole and benzamide. It was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis on a resin containing the corresponding nitro groups. The nitrogen atoms are neutralized with sodium salts and the detergent compositions are reactive to form an antitumor agent. This agent is not active against other types of cancer cells and has been shown to be resistant in some cases. 2-Benzoyl-1H-imidazole has also been used in a medicinal preparation for the treatment of prostate cancer.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>