Carboxylic Acids

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(1R)-(-)-Menthyl acetate is a lipase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters and amides. It has been immobilized to produce a solid-state biocatalyst that is efficient for the hydrolysis of ester bonds. Candida is an unicellular eukaryotic organism belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, class Saccharomycetes. The enzyme has shown excellent activity against Candida albicans, which causes candidiasis.

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DL-lactic acid is a metabolic intermediate that is produced in the muscle cells during anaerobic glycolysis. It is used to treat cancer and has been shown to be effective against squamous cell carcinoma. DL-lactic acid also inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential, which may be one of the mechanisms by which it causes cell death. DL-lactic acid has been found to have antibacterial efficacy against a number of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. DL-lactic acid also inhibits enzyme activities that are necessary for bacterial growth such as phosphotransferase enzymes and urease. DL-lactic acid is a metabolic intermediate that can be used to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. DL-lactic acid also inhibits transcriptional regulation in human serum

<p>3-Methylglutaric acid is an organic compound that belongs to the group of alkanocarboxylic acids. It has been shown to reduce the formation of malonic acid, which can be toxic to the heart and cause congestive heart failure. 3-Methylglutaric acid also inhibits oxidation catalysts and increases the production of energy in cells by providing electrons. The kinetic data for 3-methylglutaric acid have been determined using a gas chromatography technique on a high-temperature conversion reactor at a pH of 7.0 with a concentration of 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) and a temperature of 70°C. 3-Methylglutaric acid has been shown to inhibit monoclonal antibody cationic polymerization, which may be due to its reactive nature and its ability to donate hydrogen ions or electrons.</p>

Nicotinuric acid is an endogenous metabolite of nicotinic acid, which is a cofactor for the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. Nicotinuric acid has been shown to be a potential biomarker for human pharmacokinetics. It has been shown to be involved in energy metabolism and may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nicotinuric acid is also a product of the enzymatic degradation of pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, which is found in papillary muscle cells and penicillin-binding protein. The formation of nicotinuric acid can be inhibited by nicotinic acid, pyrazinoic acid, or by inhibitors of lc-ms/ms method.

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<p>Please enquire for more information about tert-Butyl (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)carbamate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Nonafluorovaleric acid is a glycol ether that is used as a solvent and in the manufacture of fluoropolymers. Nonafluorovaleric acid is considered to be a potential biomarker for perfluoroalkyl substances, which are toxic chemicals found in many household products. It has been shown to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity and can be used to study autoimmune diseases. Nonafluorovaleric acid can also be used as a synchronous fluorescent probe for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The toxicity of this chemical has been studied extensively and it is well known that nonafluorovaleric acid can induce enzyme induction, leading to increased production of enzymes such as cytochrome P450.</p>

cis-4-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylicacid is a metabolite of chorismate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. It has been shown to have immunosuppressive activity and can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases like cancer. cis-4-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylicacid is produced by stepwise conversion from 3-hydroxybenzoic acid with the use of organic solvents. The final product is purified by preparative chromatography and its molecular weight is determined by mass spectrometry. This compound has also been found to have anticancer properties due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in tumor cells.

Please enquire for more information about tert-Butyl 4-(4-iodophenyl)tetrahydro-1(2H)-pyrazinecarboxylate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

<p>2-Hydroxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid is a carboxylate that is structurally classified as a multidrug. It has been shown to inhibit bacterial efflux pumps and target enzymes, such as cancer cells and multidrug resistant bacteria. 2-Hydroxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid also has potent antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis, an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in the urinary tract and on skin wounds. The fluorescence properties of this compound can be used for fluorescent labeling of biomolecules or for sensing applications.</p>

(R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methoxypropanoic acid (BAAM) is a potent, orally bioavailable, and pharmacokinetically well-characterized inhibitor of blood coagulation that has been shown to be effective in animal models. BAAM inhibits the activity of tissue factor (TF), an enzyme that initiates the blood coagulation cascade. TF is important for hemostasis because it is activated by contact with blood and tissue factors such as collagen or thrombin. BAAM has shown some promise as a potential treatment for thrombosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

<p>Please enquire for more information about 17-Hydroxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregna-4,6-dien-20-yn-3-one acetate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid sodium salt monohydrate is a chemical that belongs to the phenoxy herbicides. It is used as a selective herbicide for control of annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in noncrop areas. This compound has been detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis after a dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure. The target analytes were found to be acidic with an unknown molecular weight.

Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that is used to treat inflammation, allergies and skin diseases. It is also used to treat adrenal gland disorders. Hydrocortisone Acetate Impurity G (HA) is a drug that has anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. HA was the first hydrocortisone impurity found in prednisolone tablets. This discovery led to the development of corticosteroids and their use in medicine for the treatment of inflammation and allergies.

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2,3-Diketogulonic acid potassium including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Bromoacetic acid is a brominated carboxylic acid that has been shown to bind to response elements and inhibit the synthesis of proteins. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in human serum at concentrations of 1-5 mM. Bromoacetic acid also binds to metals, such as copper and zinc, and inhibits their activity. This compound has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in experimental models. Bromoacetic acid is not toxic in rats, but it may cause myocardial infarction in humans.</p>

<p>(2S)-2-Amino-2-[(5S)-3-chloro-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-Yl]acetic acid is an inhibitor of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) and cytochrome P450. GR activates glutathione in cells to form a powerful antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress. (2S)-2-Amino-2-[(5S)-3-chloro-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-Yl]acetic acid inhibits GR and cytochrome P450 activity, leading to increased oxidative stress and neuronal death. This drug has been shown to have inhibitory properties on bowel disease by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα. The compound also exhibits anti tumor response against mouse tumors by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. The compound targets intracellular targets</p>

7b-Hydroxy cholesterol 3b-acetate is an allylic compound that is catalyzed by molybdenum, which eliminates the acetyl group at position 7 to form a double bond with the 3-position. The reaction temperature of 7b-hydroxy cholesterol 3b-acetate can be increased to high temperatures (i.e., >100°C) for the elimination process, and allylic acetates are obtained as products. The reaction starts with the addition of hexacarbonyl, which leads to a diene intermediate. This is then eliminated by adding acetamide in presence of high concentration of acetic acid and catalytic amounts of molybdenum. The low yield and efficiency, however, are major drawbacks of this process.

3,6-Dioxaoctanedioic acid is a functional group that can be found in nature and has been studied for its potential to inhibit cancer cell growth. 3,6-Dioxaoctanedioic acid is a magnesium salt that is used as an experimental drug to treat bronchial asthma. It works by interfering with the function of serine protease enzymes. In addition, this compound has been shown to have particle size and transport properties that are suitable for inhalation therapy. These properties make it an effective drug for treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Please enquire for more information about N-alpha-Trityl-Nbeta-Fmoc-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

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<p>Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic corticosteroid that is used in the treatment of asthma. It is an esterified prodrug which requires hydrolysis by esterases in order to become active. Fluticasone propionate has shown clinical efficacy with oral administration and can be administered by inhalation or through the skin. This drug is available as a deuterated form for use in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and reaction monitoring. It also has a linear range of 10-1000 ng/mL and a quadrupole mass spectrometer detection limit of 0.1 pmol, which allows it to be used for plasma samples and reconstituted drugs.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

Copper acetate is a chemical compound that is composed of copper and acetic acid. Copper acetate monohydrate, the form used in this product, is an ionic salt that has the chemical formula Cu(CHCO)2. The copper atom has a coordination geometry of 4.5 and is surrounded by six oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms. The reaction mechanism for this compound involves methyl ethyl malonic acid as shown below: The first step in the reaction mechanism is the formation of a carbanion intermediate with the loss of a proton from one of the methyl groups on malonic acid. This carbanion attacks the copper atom to form an intermediate with two positive charges on it, which then breaks down into two molecules of malonic acid and one molecule of water. The other methyl group then reacts with another molecule of malonic acid to form methyl ethyl dicarboxylate and release another proton. This proton can be accepted by water or react with

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<p>Methyl 2-pyridylacetate is a reactive compound that can be used as a reagent for trifluoromethylthiolation of terminal alkynes. This compound has been shown to react with anilines and form isomers, including the acid form. The reaction rate of the methyl 2-pyridylacetate with pyridine compounds is slow, but it reacts quickly with thionyl chloride and hydrochloric acid. Methyl 2-pyridylacetate also reacts with nucleophiles such as methyl anthranilate to form the corresponding quinolizine derivatives.</p>

<p>Hydantoin-5-acetic acid is a molecule that has been studied for its potential use in the stabilization of polymers and plastics. It has shown antibacterial activity against certain bacterial strains including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The molecule has the ability to coordinate with metal ions such as copper, zinc, and iron. The protonation state of the molecule is dependent on the pH of the environment. Hydantoin-5-acetic acid can exist in two tautomeric forms: hydantoin or 5-hydantoin. Hydantoin-5-acetic acid can be used to determine the concentration of hydrogen in proteins through chromatographic methods. This molecule also has Langmuir adsorption isotherm properties, which give it potential for use in supramolecular structures.</p>

<p>2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. It has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid also binds with metal hydroxides and forms hydrogen bonding interactions. This compound may be used as a catalyst in the production of nitric acid from ammonia, or in the manufacture of picolinic acid. 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid has a pK value of 7.4 and an optimum pH of 7. 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid can also react with sodium salts to form a n-oxide that coordinates with nitrogen atoms to give coordination geometry in which each atom is bonded to four other atoms (e.g., square planar). The molecular formula for this compound is C6H4N2O</p>

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<p>Succinic acid monomethyl ester (SAMME) is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the enzyme activities of succinate dehydrogenase, producing mitochondrial membrane depolarization and neuronal death. SAMME has been shown to be effective in treating syncytial virus infection and solid tumours, although it has not been studied in depth. The biological sample used for this study was water vapor, which is a substrate molecule for the enzyme succinic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SASD). This enzyme converts SAMME to succinic acid, which can then inhibit phosphofructokinase-1 or pyruvate kinase, leading to cellular necrosis.</p>

<p>4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid is a molecule that can be used to treat hypercholesterolemia. It is metabolized in the body to butyric acid, which has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect on the bladder and may reduce water permeability of the bladder. 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid can also be used as a choline precursor for acetylcholine synthesis and may have osmotic properties.</p>

<p>Hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to the class of hyodeoxycholic acids. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme activities that are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and 5-lipoxigenase. This inhibition leads to decreased production of inflammatory prostaglandins, which are responsible for inflammation and pain. Hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt also has neurotrophic effects that may be due to its ability to stimulate NGF synthesis by neurons in vitro.</p>

4-Bromo-2,5-difluorobenzoic acid is a potent inhibitor of isoforms CYP2C9 and CYP2D6. It is an acidic drug with a pKa of 3.8, which makes it ionizable in biological fluids. 4-Bromo-2,5-difluorobenzoic acid inhibits the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 by binding to the pharmacophore region of these enzymes. 4-Bromo-2,5-difluorobenzoic acid also has an isosteric functionality that increases its selectivity for CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 over other cytochrome P450 isoforms. The functional groups on 4-bromo-2,5-difluorobenzoic acid are part of the inhibitor's nature that make it selective for these two cytochrome

2-Methyl butyric acid is a fatty acid that is produced by the fungus Monascus purpureus. 2-Methyl butyric acid has been shown to inhibit the activity of a number of enzymes in gland cells, including proteases, lipases, and amylases. This effect may be due to its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Further research into the metabolic profiles of 2-methyl butyric acid has shown that it inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, such as tiglic acid synthase and ketoacyl CoA reductase. It also shows some potential as a solid catalyst for kinetic studies.

4-(4'-Formyl-3'-methoxyphenoxy)butanoic acid is a carboxylate that can be used as a preloaded reagent for the synthesis of peptides, proteins, and other organic molecules. 4-(4'-Formyl-3'-methoxyphenoxy)butanoic acid has been shown to be an efficient linker for solid-phase peptide synthesis. 4-(4'-Formyl-3'-methoxyphenoxy)butanoic acid is labile to hydrolysis and so should be stored in an organic solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide. The carboxylate group is readily available in the form of its sodium salt, which can be synthesized by reacting sodium acetate with formaldehyde.

Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate is a reactive compound with the chemical formula CHF. It can be used as a glycol ether and reacts with acid to form an alkanoic acid. Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate also reacts with a hydroxyl group to produce a molecule with two carboxylic acid groups. The kinetic data of this reaction has been determined using gas chromatography. This compound can also be used as a solid catalyst in reactions that require kinetic energy. Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate is not toxic to humans and has been found to be safe for use in analytical techniques.

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<p>4-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid is a dihedral molecule that has been shown to exhibit processability at temperatures of up to 120°C. It can be prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acids with ethylene glycol in the presence of an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, or potassium tert-butoxide. 4-(2-Carboxyethyl)benzoic acid has nitrogen atoms and ft-ir spectroscopic properties that are consistent with its role in hydrogen bonding interactions and fluorescence properties. This compound has also been shown to have supramolecular properties.</p>

<p>(R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid methyl ester is a monocarboxylic acid that is metabolized by phosphofructokinase and other enzymes to produce the corresponding 3-hydroxybutyrate. This compound is synthesized from tiglic acid, which can be obtained from corynebacterium. The production of (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid methyl ester can be optimized by using a biotransformation process. This process includes enzymatic reactions and chemical transformations, such as hydroxylation, carbonylation, and stereoselective synthesis. The metabolic pathway for this compound has been studied using a DNA microarray analysis.</p>

<p>Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid that has been shown to inhibit bacterial translocation. It is used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis and other inflammatory conditions of the liver, such as pancreatitis, and it has also been studied for its effects on iron homeostasis. Glycodeoxycholic acid is produced by the human body and can be found in the serum. The biosynthesis of glycodeoxycholic acid is dependent on microbial metabolism, which may be inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This compound has been shown to inhibit cell signaling pathways and increase sodium ion uptake into cells through inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase activity.</p>

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Methyl 4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (MTMC) is a compound with high chemical and biological activity. MTMC has been shown to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, and also exhibits cytotoxic effects on human cancer A549 cells in vitro. MTMC has been shown to be active against HIV in cell culture and also inhibits the replication of influenza virus. MTMC has significant activity against cancer, and is also effective against immunodeficiencies that are due to viral infection. It can be synthesized by a high-yielding process involving the reaction of methyl 4-nitrobenzoate with thiourea in an organic solvent under reflux conditions. The crystal structure of MTMC was determined by X-ray diffraction methods, revealing that it is centrosymmetric with four molecules present in the asymmetric unit.