Antifungals

<p>Butoconazole nitrate is an antifungal agent and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, disrupting the fungal cell membrane.</p>

<p>Anthelmintic; inhibitor of tubulin polymerization</p>

<p>Voriconazole is a synthetic, lipophilic molecule that is used in the treatment of fungal infections. Voriconazole binds to ergosterol which is the major sterol in the cell wall of fungi and inhibits its synthesis, leading to cell death. This drug binds to the enzyme 14α-demethylase allowing the conversion of lanosterol into ergosterol. As a result, this binding leads to the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, as well as other sterols that are necessary for fungal growth (e.g., squalene).</p>

<p>Activator of the two-pore domain potassium channel TASK3</p>

<p>Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal agent that inhibits the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme. This drug prevents the formation of fungal cell walls thus leading to fungal cell lysis. Posaconazole is shown to inflict its inhibitory activity against common pathogenic fungus such as Candida and Aspergillus species in severely immunocompromised patients.</p>

<p>Ciclopirox is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used to treat onychomycosis of fingernails and toenails in immunocomprised patients. Ciclopirox has been shown to work by binding to polyvalent metal cations such Al3+ and Fe3+. These cations interfere with cellular processes including mitochondrial electron transport and energy synthesis by inhibiting numerous enzymes, including cytochromes. Additionally, the plasma membrane of fungi appears to be altered by ciclopirox as well, leading to the disorder of internal structures.</p>

<p>Ipconazole is a fungicide with a mode of action that inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, disrupting fungal cell membranes. It is used for seed treatment to protect crops like cereals and vegetables from fungal diseases. It's sold as a mixture of two isomers.</p>

<p>Posaconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme which is responsible for the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component, ergosterol. This demethylase enzyme synthesizes ergosterol through converting lanosterol to ergosterol. Therefore Posaconazole prevents the formation of fungal cell walls with the appropriate membrane permeability thus leading to fungal cell lysis. Posaconazole can be used as an antifungal drug to treat opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV patients. Moreover it is shown to inflict its inhibitory activity against common pathogenic fungus such as Candida and Aspergillus species but also Mucorales and some Fusarium species, which are less common.</p>

<p>2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or MIT is a powerful antimicrobial and antifungal agent which is widely used in personal care products. It is also used in industrial applications as a preservative and antifouling agent.</p>

<p>2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one HCl , also known as MIT hydrochloride is often used as a preservative in personal care products and other industrial applications. The product has shown to act as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent.</p>

<p>Impurity of Micafungin; anti-fungal</p>

<p>Filipin is a polyene macrolide antifungal agent with action on cholesterol in cell membranes and is used for histochemical staining and research on cholesterol metabolism.</p>

<p>Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent with action on fungal cell membrane disruption and is used for treating fungal infections like athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.</p>

<p>Efinaconazole is a triazole antifungal agent with action on fungal 14α-demethylase to inhibit ergosterol synthesis and is used for treating onychomycosis (fungal nail infections).</p>

<p>Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat a wide range of fungal infections. Fluconazole is a cytochrome demethylase system inhibitor that acts by interfering with β-glucan biosynthesis. It has been shown to be effective in treating candidemia, a life-threatening form of candidiasis caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Fluconazole seems to be more effective than amphotericin B in treating some isolates of C. albicans, making it a valuable tool in the fight against this deadly fungal infection, although due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance, fluconazole has been studied in combination with other drugs (e.g. farnesol).</p>

<p>Amphotericin A is a polyene macrolide antibiotic, which is derived primarily from the soil bacterium *Streptomyces nodosus*. This compound functions by binding to ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This binding creates pores in the membrane, increasing its permeability and ultimately leading to cell death. Unlike its more widely used counterpart Amphotericin B, Amphotericin A is less frequently utilized but is critical in the study and understanding of antifungal activity.</p>

<p>Clotrimazole is an azole antifungal medication with action on fungal cell membrane disruption and is used for treating fungal infections like athlete's foot, ringworm, and vaginal yeast infections.</p>

<p>Anti-fungal; lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitor</p>

<p>Posaconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme which is responsible for the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component, ergosterol. This demethylase enzyme synthesizes ergosterol through converting lanosterol to ergosterol. Therefore Posaconazole prevents the formation of fungal cell walls with the appropriate membrane permeability thus leading to fungal cell lysis. Posaconazole can be used as an antifungal drug to treat opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV patients. Moreover it is shown to inflict its inhibitory activity against common pathogenic fungus such as Candida and Aspergillus species but also Mucorales and some Fusarium species, which are less common.</p>

<p>Anti-fungal; glucan synthase inhibitor</p>