Antimicrobials

<p>Tylosin D is an antibiotic product, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces fradiae*. Its mode of action involves binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis essential for bacterial growth and replication. This mechanism is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma species, making it a crucial agent in combatting infections in the veterinary field.</p>

<p>Plant growth regulator</p>

<p>28-Epirapamycin is a semisynthetic derivative of the macrolide antibiotic rapamycin, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces hygroscopicus*. This compound functions primarily as an mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibitor. The mTOR pathway is crucial for regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival by integrating signals from nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy status.</p>

<p>Tri-O-benzyl FR 900098 is a chemical compound, often referenced in biochemical research contexts. It is a synthetic derivative that originates from complex chemical synthesis, involving multiple benzylation steps to modify the original molecular framework. This structural transformation lends the compound unique chemical properties.</p>

<p>Neticonazole hydrochloride is an antifungal agent, which is a synthetic imidazole derivative with potent antifungal properties. It is synthesized through a multi-step chemical process in a laboratory setting, designed to enhance its efficacy and stability. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. By hindering this pathway, Neticonazole hydrochloride compromises the integrity and function of the fungal cell membrane, ultimately leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Penciclovir diacetate is an antiviral compound, which is synthesized as a prodrug derivative of penciclovir. This compound originates from chemical modification processes designed to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of its active metabolite. Once administered, penciclovir diacetate undergoes in vivo conversion to penciclovir, an active nucleoside analog. The mode of action involves selective inhibition of viral DNA polymerase after being phosphorylated to its triphosphate form, thereby impeding viral DNA synthesis and replication.</p>

<p>Gramicidin is an antibiotic, which is derived from soil bacteria of the genus Bacillus, specifically Bacillus brevis. This polypeptide antibiotic exerts its antibacterial effects by disrupting the cell membranes of susceptible bacteria. Gramicidin forms channels in the phospholipid bilayers of bacterial cell membranes, leading to uncontrolled cation fluxes, which ultimately results in cell death. This mechanism is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria due to their specific cell wall structure.</p>

<p>Pyrenophorin is a polyketide metabolite, which is derived from certain fungi, specifically from the genus Pyrenophora. This compound demonstrates its biological efficacy through its unique mode of action as an antimicrobial agent, interfering with cellular processes in target microorganisms, leading to their inhibition or death.</p>

<p>Triadimenol-tert-butylhydroxy is a systemic fungicide, originating from synthetic chemical processes, characterized by its ability to inhibit fungal sterol biosynthesis. This sterol biosynthesis disruption occurs through the demethylation of lanosterol or 24-methylene dihydrolanosterol, which impedes the production of ergosterol, a crucial component in fungal cell membranes. The inhibition results in disrupted cell membrane integrity and impaired fungal growth, leading to effective control over a range of plant-pathogenic fungi.</p>

<p>Atherosperminine is an alkaloid compound, which is a bioactive chemical derived from plants. Specifically, it is sourced from members of the Lauraceae family, such as Atherosperma moschatum. This compound exhibits a range of pharmacological activities that are of significant interest to researchers. The mode of action of atherosperminine involves interactions with various biological pathways, potentially affecting physiological processes and exhibiting therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>Acephate d3 is an isotopically labeled organophosphorus insecticide, which is a synthetic chemical compound used primarily for its insecticidal properties. It is derived by incorporating deuterium, a stable hydrogen isotope, into the molecular structure of acephate. The inclusion of deuterium isotopes is instrumental in tracing and studying the biochemical pathways and metabolic degradation of acephate within target organisms and ecosystems.</p>

<p>(E)-Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is derived from the actinomycete mold Acremonium. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death. This mechanism is highly effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including strains resistant to earlier cephalosporins and penicillins.</p>

<p>HBV-IN-4 is an antiviral compound that serves as a potent and selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is derived from chemical synthesis with a focus on targeting the viral replication machinery. The mode of action involves interrupting the HBV lifecycle by inhibiting the functioning of viral polymerase, thereby preventing the synthesis of viral DNA and subsequent viral propagation.</p>

<p>8-Methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one is a heterocyclic compound used in the field of medicinal chemistry. This compound is synthesized through complex organic reactions involving pyridazine and pyridine derivatives. As a molecule, its primary mode of action involves interactions with specific biochemical pathways, potentially influencing enzymatic activity or receptor bindings, leading to modulation of biological activities.</p>

<p>Pirlimycin HCl is an antibacterial product, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural antibiotic lincomycin produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the elongation of peptide chains. This action is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.</p>

<p>Phenamacril is a synthetic fungicide, which is derived from chemical synthesis processes with a unique mode of action that targets fungal signaling pathways. It operates by inhibiting the myosin-5 ATPase activities within filamentous fungi, disrupting key cellular functions and effectively halting fungal growth.</p>

<p>Pseudomonic acid F is a naturally occurring secondary metabolite, which is derived from the bacterium *Pseudomonas fluorescens*. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme. This inhibition disrupts the addition of isoleucine to the growing polypeptide chain, effectively impeding bacterial growth and proliferation.</p>

<p>Diclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator, a synthetic compound primarily derived from chemical synthesis methods. This compound acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of gibberellins, which are plant hormones that regulate various aspects of growth and development. The inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis results in reduced plant elongation, leading to more compact growth forms.</p>

<p>Validamycin E is an antifungal antibiotic, which is a secondary metabolite derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of trehalase, an enzyme crucial for the hydrolysis of trehalose into glucose, disrupting essential energy pathways in fungi. By inhibiting trehalase, Validamycin E effectively interferes with the growth and development of fungal pathogens.</p>

<p>Levomekol is a topical antibiotic ointment, which is a synthesized pharmaceutical product with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It contains chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and methyluracil, which promotes tissue repair and regeneration. The mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms, effectively curbing bacterial growth and proliferation. Concurrently, methyluracil stimulates leukocyte activity and enhances the healing process by promoting cellular regeneration and collagen production.</p>

<p>ABT-072 is a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agent, specifically designed as an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. This compound originates from advanced pharmaceutical research and development efforts aimed at targeting viral replication mechanisms. Being an NS5B polymerase inhibitor, ABT-072 functions by interfering with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This enzyme plays a critical role in the replication cycle of the hepatitis C virus, facilitating the synthesis of new viral RNA strands. By inhibiting this enzyme, ABT-072 effectively halts viral replication.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about ML303 including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>CPFX2090 is a sophisticated software platform designed for advanced data analytics and visualization, which is developed by a team of computational scientists utilizing cutting-edge algorithms and machine learning techniques. It operates through a dynamic interface that enables automated data processing, multidimensional analysis, and real-time visualization. The platform's mode of action involves ingesting large datasets, performing parallel computations, and visualizing results with interactive graphical tools.</p>

<p>BRL 42715 is an antibacterial agent, which is a synthetic compound with a unique mechanism of action. This compound is derived from rational drug design aimed at targeting specific bacterial enzymes critical for cell wall synthesis. By irreversibly inhibiting these enzymes, BRL 42715 disrupts the bacterial cell wall formation, leading to cell lysis and death.</p>

<p>Anhydro erythromycin A is a semi-synthetic derivative of erythromycin A, which has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of bacterial growth, showing higher selectivity for this inhibition. It is a prodrug that is activated by acid catalysis and can be used as a substitute against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Anhydro erythromycin A was developed with the goal of increasing its stability and its potency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which has been shown to be resistant to erythromycin.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Omaciclovir including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Vapendavir diphosphate is an antiviral compound, which is a synthesized small molecule with selective activity targeting picornaviruses. This compound is derived from rigorous medicinal chemistry efforts focusing on the inhibition of viral replication. Vapendavir diphosphate functions by binding to a specific site on the viral capsid, thereby inhibiting the uncoating process essential for viral RNA release into the host cell. This mode of action effectively prevents the virus from replicating within the host.</p>

<p>Rifamycin PR-3 is an antibiotic, which is derived from bacterial fermentation, specifically from the bacterium Amycolatopsis rifamycinica. It acts by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby blocking RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria. This inhibition disrupts protein synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Rifamycin PR-3 is primarily used for the treatment of various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by gram-positive bacteria and certain mycobacteria. Its application is crucial in managing diseases such as tuberculosis, where it targets the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a member of the rifamycin class of antibiotics, it is also explored for use in treating refractory cases and in combinations to prevent the development of resistance. This compound’s efficacy in penetrating phagocytic cells makes it an important player in addressing intracellular infections. Scientists continue to study its pharmacokinetics and potential for synergistic combinations, which may expand its utility in infectious disease therapy.</p>

<p>Methyl 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate is a synthetic organic compound that can be classified as a specialized chemical reagent. It is primarily sourced from chemical synthesis, utilizing a series of controlled reactions involving halogenated aromatic compounds and cyclohexene derivatives.</p>

<p>Ascomycin is an immunosuppressant macrolide lactone, which is derived from the soil bacterium *Streptomyces hygroscopicus*. It functions primarily by inhibiting the T-cell activation pathway. The mechanism involves binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12, forming a complex that inhibits the calcium-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin. This inhibition prevents the dephosphorylation and subsequent translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which is crucial for the transcription of interleukin-2 and other cytokines. Consequently, this suppresses the activation and proliferation of T-cells, which are essential components of the adaptive immune response.</p>

<p>Thiostrepton is a thiopeptide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and is used for treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine and research applications.</p>

<p>Oligomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from species of the bacterium Streptomyces. It acts as a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex, specifically targeting the F₀ portion of the enzyme. This interference results in the blockage of proton translocation across the mitochondrial membrane, thereby preventing ATP synthesis. Due to this mode of action, Oligomycin is primarily utilized in biochemical research to study cellular respiration and energy metabolism. It serves as a valuable tool in elucidating the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation and the role of ATP in various cellular processes. In addition, its application extends to investigations on mitochondrial dysfunctions and the screening of mitochondrial-targeted drugs.</p>

<p>(2RS,4S)-2-[[(Phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-5,5-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, commonly referred to as penilloic acids, is a hydrolytic degradation product of benzylpenicillin. It is derived through the enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the β-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin, which is a classic β-lactam antibiotic.</p>

<p>Acepromazine hydrochloride is a phenothiazine derivative tranquilizer, which is synthesized chemically. Its mode of action is primarily through antagonism of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system, leading to a sedative effect. Additionally, it exerts peripheral actions, including alpha-adrenergic blockade and diminished release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones, contributing to vasodilation and other physiological effects.</p>

<p>Dicloxacillin sodium salt monohydrate is a beta-lactam antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections caused by penicillinase-producing bacteria.</p>

<p>Ionomycin is an ionophore compound with a mode of action that facilitates calcium ion transport across cell membranes. It is used in research to study calcium signaling and T-cell activation.</p>

<p>Mafoprazine is an experimental psychotropic drug, which is an organic compound synthetically derived from the azapirone family. It functions primarily as a serotonin receptor agonist, specifically targeting the 5-HT1A receptors, while also exhibiting moderate affinity for dopamine and adrenergic receptors. This dual action on neurotransmitter systems is thought to contribute to its therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>3,4-Dihydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine is a chemical compound classified as a heterocyclic organic compound, which is synthesized through chemical processes in the laboratory. This compound belongs to a novel class of molecules with potential pharmacological applications, particularly in the realm of infectious diseases. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of specific enzymatic pathways essential for the survival of certain pathogenic organisms, such as Plasmodium species responsible for malaria.</p>

<p>Anti-parasitic; pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase inhibitor</p>

<p>Sulfamoyldapsone is a synthetic antimicrobial compound, which is derived from the dapsone family. Its source is primarily synthetic, designed through chemical modifications of the parent compound dapsone, a well-known antibacterial agent. The mode of action of sulfamoyldapsone involves the inhibition of bacterial folic acid synthesis. By targeting dihydropteroate synthase, an enzyme essential for the production of folic acid in microorganisms, the compound effectively interferes with bacterial growth and replication.</p>

<p>Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Its mode of action involves binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, leading to the disruption of protein synthesis. This binding interferes with the initiation complex formation, causing misreading of mRNA and ultimately inhibiting bacterial growth.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Becliconazole including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Lincomycin 2-palmitate hydrochloride is a semi-synthetic antibiotic, derived from the natural antibiotic lincomycin through chemical modification. It is sourced from fermentative processes involving the bacterium *Streptomyces lincolnensis*. The compound exerts its action by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria. This occurs through its binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby hindering peptide chain elongation and ultimately arresting bacterial growth.</p>

<p>Piperacillin oxalylamide is an investigational antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative of the widely used β-lactam antibiotic, piperacillin. Its development is rooted in the quest to combat β-lactamase-producing resistant bacterial strains, which are a growing threat in clinical settings. It operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, similar to other β-lactam antibiotics, but possesses a modified structure that enhances its resistance to enzymatic degradation by β-lactamases.</p>

<p>Gatifloxacin related compound E is a chemical reference standard, which is often used in pharmaceutical and analytical chemistry research for the identification and quantification of impurities. It is generally synthesized or isolated as part of the quality control and validation process for the production of the antibiotic Gatifloxacin. The mode of action of this compound revolves around its structural similarity to Gatifloxacin, which allows it to serve as a benchmark to ensure the accuracy and reliability of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other analytical techniques.</p>

<p>Imazethapyr-1-hydroxyethyl is a selective, systemic herbicide, which is synthesized through chemical processes. It functions primarily by inhibiting the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) enzyme, also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS). This enzyme is vital for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids like valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which are essential for plant growth. By hindering this enzyme's action, Imazethapyr-1-hydroxyethyl effectively stunts the growth and development of susceptible plant species.</p>

<p>4-Epianhydrotetracycline is a chemical compound that is a derivative of tetracycline, a well-known antibiotic. It is primarily a byproduct arising from the chemical degradation of tetracycline antibiotics, occurring under acidic or basic conditions. The source of this compound is the structural transformation of tetracycline, resulting in an altered molecular configuration.</p>

<p>Indinavir monohydrate is an antiretroviral medication, which is a synthetic pharmaceutical compound, specifically a protease inhibitor, used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is derived from chemical synthesis processes that follow rigorous standards to produce a pharmacologically active compound. Indinavir functions by selectively inhibiting the HIV-1 protease enzyme, which is crucial for the viral replication cycle. By binding to the active site of the enzyme, indinavir prevents the cleavage of viral polypeptides, leading to the production of immature and non-infectious viral particles.</p>

<p>PF 1022A is a cyclooctadepsipeptide, which is a type of cyclic peptide composed of amino acids and hydroxy acids. It is derived from the fermentation products of the fungus *Mycelia sterilia*, a member of the *Rosellinia* genus. Its mode of action involves disrupting glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasitic nematodes, which leads to paralysis and eventual death of the parasite.</p>

<p>Vicriviroc malate is a CCR5 antagonist with action on blocking HIV entry into cells by targeting the CCR5 receptor and is used for research on HIV treatment.</p>

<p>SE 563 is a biocontrol agent, which is an organism-based product derived from natural sources. It is sourced from a specific strain of entomopathogenic nematodes known for their effectiveness in targeting and controlling insect pests. The mode of action involves the nematodes seeking out their insect hosts in the soil, entering through natural openings, and releasing symbiotic bacteria that kill the host from within.</p>

<p>Azoxystrobin-d4 is a deuterated fungicide, which is a synthetic chemical compound designed for use in research, particularly within the field of agrochemical studies. It is a derivative of azoxystrobin, a well-known strobilurin fungicide, and is produced through isotope labeling, where hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium. This isotopic substitution does not alter the chemical activity of the compound but assists in analytical studies, such as mass spectrometry, by enabling precise tracking and quantification.</p>

<p>Viramidine hydrochloride is an antiviral prodrug with action as a precursor to ribavirin, targeting viral RNA synthesis and is used for research on hepatitis C and other viral infections.</p>

<p>Beta-cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, which is a chemically altered derivative of natural pyrethrins found in chrysanthemum flowers. These pyrethrins are modified to enhance their stability and potency. Beta-cypermethrin acts by targeting the nervous system of insects, specifically by modifying the function of voltage-gated sodium channels. This action leads to prolonged depolarization of the neuron, resulting in paralysis and eventual death of the insect.</p>

<p>Sporidesmolide is a cyclic depsipeptide, which is a type of compound characterized by having both ester and amide bonds in its structure. This product is derived from fungal sources, specifically certain species within the genus *Sporidesmium*. The mode of action for sporidesmolide involves disrupting microbial cell membrane integrity, leading to increased permeability and eventual cell death. This activity primarily targets bacteria and fungi, making it an important subject of study for its potential antimicrobial properties.</p>

<p>Tigemonam is a synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic, which is derived from chemical synthesis processes. This compound operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, specifically targeting the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The disruption of the cell wall synthesis ultimately leads to cell lysis and death of the bacteria, making it effective primarily against gram-negative bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Thienamycin is a β-lactam antibiotic, which originates from the fermentation of the bacterium *Streptomyces cattleya*. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Thienamycin accomplishes this by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) critical for peptidoglycan construction, thereby disrupting cell wall integrity and leading to bacterial lysis.</p>

<p>Nifursemizone is an antimicrobial agent, which is a synthetic nitrofuran derivative. It is engineered from chemical precursors through targeted synthetic processes designed to maximize its antibacterial properties. The mode of action of Nifursemizone involves the inhibition of bacterial enzymes and interference with nucleic acid synthesis. This action disrupts essential bacterial functions, leading to the inhibition of bacterial growth and eventual cell death.</p>

<p>Virginiamycin - Complex of M1+S1 is an antibiotic compound, which is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces virginiae. It functions through the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby obstructing peptide bond formation and impeding microbial growth. The complex is composed of two major components: Virginiamycin M1 and Virginiamycin S1, which synergistically enhance antimicrobial efficacy.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-IN-2 is a highly specific and potent antiviral inhibitor, which is chemically synthesized to target SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This compound functions by interfering with the viral replication process, specifically targeting the viral 3CL protease enzyme, crucial for viral polyprotein cleavage. By inhibiting this protease, SARS-CoV-IN-2 effectively hampers the replication cycle of the virus, limiting its ability to proliferate within the host cells.</p>

<p>(4S)-2-[Carboxy[[[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl]carbonyl]amino]methyl]-5,5-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt, known as the penicilloic acids of flucloxacillin disodium salt, is a β-lactam antibiotic. This compound is derived from the penicillin family and exhibits potent antibacterial properties. The mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, primarily targeting the transpeptidase enzyme, which plays a crucial role in cross-linking the peptidoglycan layers of the bacterial cell wall. By acylating this enzyme, the penicilloic acids disrupt the integrity of the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death of the bacteria.</p>

<p>2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or MIT is a powerful antimicrobial and antifungal agent which is widely used in personal care products. It is also used in industrial applications as a preservative and antifouling agent.</p>

<p>(4E)-1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione is a synthetic compound belonging to the class of pyrazolidine diones. This compound is mainly derived from chemical synthesis in a laboratory setting. It acts through its interaction with specific biological pathways, potentially affecting enzyme activity or receptor sites involved in various physiological processes.</p>

<p>Neuraminidase-in-1 is a chemical compound known as a neuraminidase inhibitor, which is synthetically derived. This inhibitor functions by blocking the activity of the neuraminidase enzyme, a glycoprotein found on the surface of various viruses, including influenza. The enzyme is crucial for the viral life cycle as it facilitates the release of new viral particles from infected host cells. By inhibiting this enzyme, Neuraminidase-in-1 effectively halts the replication and spread of the virus within the host organism.</p>

<p>Metabolite of rifampicin</p>

<p>Alamethacin is a peptide antibiotic, which is derived from the soil fungus Trichoderma viride. This compound consists of a sequence of amino acids that form a helical structure, enabling its interaction with lipid membranes. Alamethacin functions by inserting itself into cellular membranes and forming voltage-dependent ion channels. As a result, it alters membrane permeability, causing ion imbalance and leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Tert-Butyl 4-[3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate is a boronic ester compound used primarily in organic synthesis. It is derived from the reaction of a piperidine-based carboxylate with a dioxaborolane moiety, forming a unique structural entity that serves as a versatile building block in molecular modification and drug development.</p>

<p>Acorafloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is derived from the chemical modification of the quinolone core structure. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes crucial for bacterial DNA replication and transcription. The bactericidal action results from preventing the supercoiling and relaxation of the bacterial DNA, ultimately interrupting essential cellular processes.</p>

<p>Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It is used for treating bacterial infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infections.</p>

<p>7-Ethyl-10-(4-amino-1-piperidino)carbonyloxycamptothecin-d3 is a synthetic chemical compound, which is a deuterated derivative of irinotecan. Deuteration involves the substitution of deuterium for hydrogen atoms, which is often utilized to enhance the metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds in research applications. The compound is derived from camptothecin, a natural alkaloid sourced from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata.</p>

<p>Pazufloxacin is an antibacterial agent, which is a synthetic derivative originating from the fluoroquinolone class of compounds. This source categorizes it alongside a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics known for their efficacy against a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. The mode of action of pazufloxacin involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination processes. By inhibiting these enzymes, pazufloxacin disrupts the bacterial DNA processes, ultimately leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Cefminox Sodium is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is synthesized through chemical modification of naturally occurring compounds. This product is classified as a second-generation cephalosporin, derived from cephalosporin C obtained from the fungus Acremonium. It exerts its mode of action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This occurs through the binding to penicillin-binding proteins, ultimately disrupting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains which are essential for bacterial cell wall integrity.</p>

<p>Cefodizime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is derived from the fungus Acremonium. It exerts its bactericidal effects by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This action is achieved through binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to the interruption of peptidoglycan cross-linking essential for the bacterial cell wall integrity. The breakdown of cell wall synthesis results in the lysis and death of the bacterial cell.</p>

<p>(±)-Salbutamol is a racemic mixture of a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, which is synthetically derived. This compound functions primarily by selectively stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors, which are predominantly located on the smooth muscle cells lining the airways. The activation of these receptors leads to the relaxation of bronchial muscle tissue, resulting in bronchodilation and improved airflow.</p>

<p>Antimicrobial Compound 1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, which is derived from natural sources, specifically from marine bacteria with known potent antimicrobial properties. This compound acts by targeting and disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, specifically inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking, which ultimately leads to cell lysis and death due to osmotic instability. Such a mechanism offers a robust approach to tackling Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>PC 190723 is a synthetic chemical compound, which is derived through targeted chemical synthesis processes involving precise organic reactions. Its mode of action involves disrupting cellular division by inhibiting specific protein functions essential for the mitotic process. This molecular interaction results in potent effects on cell division, making it a valuable tool for studying cellular mechanics and developing therapeutic strategies.</p>

<p>Porfiromycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic with action on DNA alkylation and cross-linking and is used for research on cancer treatment, particularly for hypoxic tumors.</p>

<p>Urdamycin B is an anthracycline antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces fradiae*. This compound acts by intercalating into DNA, disrupting the replication and transcription processes, leading to cell death. Its mode of action involves inhibiting topoisomerase II, an enzyme critical for DNA replication and cell cycle progression. This mechanism impairs cellular proliferation, making it effective against rapidly dividing cells.</p>

<p>Magnamycin B is an antifungal antibiotic, which is derived from natural sources through microbial fermentation. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of cell wall synthesis in pathogenic fungi, thereby disrupting essential processes required for their growth and proliferation. Magnamycin B is particularly effective against a range of fungal pathogens that affect agricultural and clinical settings.</p>

<p>Sofosbuvir impurity I is an organic chemical impurity often associated with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) Sofosbuvir, which is used in the treatment of hepatitis C. This impurity arises during the manufacturing process of Sofosbuvir as a byproduct. It is crucial to monitor and identify such impurities to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of the final pharmaceutical product.</p>

<p>RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor</p>

<p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) protein inhibitor</p>

<p>Geneticin is very efficient against gram-negative bacteria, however it is not applied for treating infections due to high renal toxicity. Geneticin and its resistance genes found application in the selection of transgenic cell lines including yeasts such as P. pastoris and S. serevisiae, other eukaryotic cell lines such as CHO or HEK293, but also plant cells and bacterial cells.</p>

<p>N-(4-(tert-Butyl)phenyl)-N-(2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide is a synthetic small molecule, which is a product of advanced organic synthesis. This compound is a derivative of imidazole carboxamides, primarily sourced through intricate organic reactions involving selective functionalization and cyclization processes to achieve its precise molecular architecture.</p>

<p>M4284 is a potent biochemical inhibitor, derived from synthetic organic compounds, designed to target specific enzymes within cell signaling pathways. This product functions by competitively binding to the active site of a target enzyme, effectively blocking its catalytic activity. The competitive inhibition mechanism employed by M4284 enables it to modulate enzymatic activity with high specificity, allowing researchers to dissect complex biochemical processes with precision.</p>

<p>Acetyllovastatin is a semi-synthetic derivative of lovastatin, which is a member of the statin class of pharmaceuticals. It is derived from the natural product lovastatin, originally isolated from the mold Aspergillus terreus, through acetylation to enhance its pharmacological properties. The mode of action of acetyllovastatin involves the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis. By competitively inhibiting this enzyme, acetyllovastatin effectively reduces intracellular cholesterol levels, leading to upregulation of LDL receptors and increased clearance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from the bloodstream.</p>

<p>(+)-Madindoline A is a chemical substance that inhibits the growth of cancer cells. It has been shown to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by inhibiting signal pathways and suppressing inflammatory responses. (+)-Madindoline A is an experimental model for the study of bowel disease and inflammatory diseases, as it can be used to treat both bowel disease and inflammatory diseases. It also has inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in human protein cells and natural compounds in experimental models. (+)-Madindoline A is found in small amounts in food compositions such as apples, carrots, cauliflower, celery, cucumbers, garlic, leeks, lettuce, onions, peas, peppers, potatoes and tomatoes.</p>

<p>1-(6-Amino-3,5-difluoropyridin-2-yl)-8-bromo-6-fluoro-7-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-1-yl]-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid is a synthetically derived quinoline derivative, which is produced through advanced organic chemistry methodologies involving halogenated pyridines and quinoline frameworks. The compound functions primarily as an antibacterial agent, targeting bacterial topoisomerase enzymes, thereby disrupting DNA replication and transcription processes.</p>

<p>Cefoselis hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is a synthetic cephalosporin derived from a semi-synthetic process involving modifications of naturally occurring cephalosporin C. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death.</p>

<p>Mepanipyrim-2-hydroxypropyl is a fungicide, which is synthesized from chemical sources, specifically targeting pathogens by inhibiting their metabolic processes. Its mode of action involves the disruption of enzymatic activities crucial for fungal cell survival, leading to halted growth and eventual death of the fungus.</p>