Diterpenes (C₂₀)

Deoxy euphorbia factor L1 is a natural product found in the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Goshonoside F5 has anti-inflammatory activity, it significantly inhibits the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS, both in vitro and in vivo.

Goshonoside F1 is a lipid metabolite of the semi-glutinous variety of rice and can be used as an indicator for breeding superior rice.

Hardwickiic acid from Pulicaria gnaphalodes blocks sodium channels, has anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal properties.

Farnesylacetone ((5E,9E)-6,10,14-Trimethylpentadeca-5,9,13-trien-2-one) is a marine derived natural products found in Sargassum micracanthum.

Oridonin has anticancer activity, might be useful as adjunctive therapy for individuals with lymphoid malignancies, including the lethal disease adult T-cell leukemia.It inhibits tumor growth in glioma by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, inhibits BxPC-3 cell growth through cell apoptosis.

Ginkgolide J has neuroprotective activity, it can prevent A beta(1-42) induced inhibition of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices, it is also capable of inhibiting cell death of rodent hippocampal neurons caused by A beta(1-42). Ginkgolide J can inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP or PAF.

Neoandrographolide has antiradical, anti-inflammatory,and hypolipidemic effects, it protects the cardiovascular without significant liver damage. Neoandrographolide as chemosensitizer in S-Jurkat and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-overexpressing Jurkat cells, a model for chemoresistance.Neoandrographolide inhibits iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibiting p38 MAPKs activation.

Ginkgolide B has potent neuroprotective, anti-arrhythmias, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, it might be a promising drug on inhibiting platelet function and reducing inflammation in atherosclerosis.Ginkgolide B retards the proliferation and development of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and blastocysts in vitro and causes developmental injury in vivo.

Carnosol, a novel agonist of TRPA1 with an EC50 value of 12.46 uM, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticarcinogen, anti-angiogenic, anti- invasive and antimetastatic properties. Carnosol can cause a significant decrease in both bacterial and yeast growth whilst, it may prove useful as a food antioxidant which could also contribute to the retardation of the microbial spoilage of foods; it also can inhibit adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 cells through induction of phase2 enzymes and activation of glutathione metabolism, it may be a potential drug against obesity-related diseases.