Backbone Sugars and Nucleobases

8-Aza-2,6-diaminopurine sulfate (1:x) is a sulfate salt that is soluble in water. The molecular mass of the compound is 581.10 g/mol and it has a molecular formula of C5H7N3O4S. The crystal structure of the compound consists of an asymmetric unit containing one molecule. The 8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine monohydrate salt has a solubility of 1 g/100 mL in water at 25°C. It also has a melting point of 190°C and a boiling point of 340°C.

6-Aza-2-thiothymine is a hydrophobic base that is used in the preparation of DNA sequencing samples. It can be incorporated into DNA by enzymatic reactions with picolinic acid, which results in an increase in the number of thiol groups on the DNA. The incorporation of 6-aza-2-thiothymine into DNA is detected by binding to malonic acid and subsequent detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presence of 6-aza-2-thiothymine can also be detected using a photochemical reaction with hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a change in the fluorescence properties of oligosaccharides bound to the DNA. This compound has been shown to inhibit prostate cancer cells and may be useful as a treatment for this type of cancer.

8-Bromoguanine is a nucleoside analog drug that is used as an antileukemic agent. It is a synthetic derivative of guanine and has been shown to inhibit the growth of leukemic cells by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. 8-Bromoguanine has also been shown to be reactive with eosinophil peroxidase and other electron-rich substances, which may be due to its hydroxyl group. The analytical method for 8-bromoguanine includes fluorescence spectroscopy, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Chemical diversity studies have shown that 8-bromoguanine can react with glycosylase or hydroxy groups, forming reaction products.

3-Methyladenine is a glycosylase that cleaves the glycosidic bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon of the ribose ring of the nucleotide 3-methyladenine. It also has synergistic effects with other agents that induce autophagy, such as rapamycin, and increases the expression of a response element in mouse monoclonal antibody. 3-Methyladenine inhibits growth factor-β1 and neuronal death by inducing apoptosis in cells overexpressing nuclear DNA polymerase. This drug is also used to study apoptosis by using a model system.

5-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) is a drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a chemical analogue of thiouracil, but has a different mechanism of action. PTU inhibits the production of tropomyosin, which leads to inhibition of transcriptional regulation and expression of protein genes. PTU also blocks the hydrogen bond between the amino acid glutamine and deoxyribose phosphate backbone, thereby inhibiting translation. Clinical studies have shown that PTU is effective in treating cardiac hypertrophy, renal proximal tubule cells and clinical nephropathy. The use of PTU as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment has been limited due to its toxicity to animals.

2’-C-Methyl-5-fluorouridine is a fine chemical that is used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of various complex compounds. It is also used as a reaction component in the synthesis of research chemicals and speciality chemicals. 2’-C-Methyl-5-fluorouridine is an important intermediate in organic chemistry and has many applications, such as being a reaction component in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and perfumes.