Nucleotides

2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoyl)benzoyladenosine-5'-triphosphate triethylammonium salt is a nucleoside analog of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), a key player in cellular energy transfer. 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoyl)benzoyl has been added to this molecule as well as a triethylammonium salt which helps to increase the stability of the molecule in solutions. 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoyl)benzoyladenosine-5'-triphosphate triethylammonium salt has potential use as a tool for understanding how cells use ATP and how changes to ATP affect cellular processes. Other possible uses are in the study of how ATP interacts with enzymes.

2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyladenosine is a chemically protected form of adenosine with potential for use as an intermediate in nucleoside synthesis and nucleic acid chemistry. The hydroxyl (–OH) groups at the 2′, 3′, and 5′ positions of the ribose are protected by acetyl groups (–COCH₃), which can prevent unwanted chemical reactions during chemical synthesis.

3'-Deoxyinosine is a nucleoside analog that is used in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. The drug inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase, thymidylate synthase, and dihydrofolate reductase. 3'-Deoxyinosine has minimal toxicity and may be administered orally or intravenously. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of skin cancer cells and leishmania parasites in cell culture. This drug also lowers blood pressure by interfering with the synthesis of angiotensin II and may be useful for treating hypertension. The drug is synthetically prepared in a laboratory by chemists.

2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxycytidine is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It inhibits the synthesis of HIV by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This drug binds to DNA duplexes, and has been shown to be reactive with damaged DNA. The compound has been shown to inhibit viral replication in a model system, and also inhibits the polymerase chain reaction. 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxycytidine may also have thermodynamic properties that are related to its potential for reactivity with oxidative DNA.
2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxycytidine is an analog of cytidine. It can be synthesized using solid phase synthesis on a resin support.

2',5'-Dideoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside analog derived from uridine, one of the four standard nucleosides found in RNA. It is chemically modified by the removal of hydroxyl (–OH) groups at the 2' and 5' positions of the sugar, altering its ability to participate in RNA or DNA chain formation.

Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate is a nucleotide that is synthesized from adenosine triphosphate in the energy metabolism of cells. It is used as an activator of signal pathways and as a potent inducer of metabolic enzymes. Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate has been shown to induce bowel disease in mice with experimental colitis, suggesting its utility for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate binds to the ATP-binding site of GTPase, stimulating the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate. This reaction causes a conformational change in the enzyme's active site that increases the affinity for GTP by about 10-fold. The binding site is composed of two alpha helices sandwiching a central beta sheet and the catalytic residues are located at both ends of this beta sheet. Structural analysis has revealed that this drug interacts with

8-azido-2-deoxyadenosine is an azide funcationalised nuceleoside

Nelarabine is a drug that prevents the growth of cells by inhibiting the bcr-abl kinase, which is an intracellular target. This drug has been shown to be effective against pediatric patients with t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and adults with chronic myeloid leukemia. Nelarabine has minimal toxicity in humans and is not toxic to healthy cells. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and may be used as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases. Nelarabine also inhibits angiogenesis, which may be due to its effects on nuclear DNA.

N1-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleotide that is incorporated into the growing DNA chain during protein synthesis. The incorporation of N1-methylguanosine into the growing DNA chain can cause frameshifting, which creates an unusual amino acid sequence. This effect has been shown in model organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. In these organisms, N1-methylguanosine has been shown to induce cancer when added to the growth medium. It is also found in urine samples from people with bladder cancer and has been used to identify urinary tract cancers. Titration calorimetry studies have shown that N1-methylguanosine binds to a chelate ligand and forms a disulfide bond with cysteine residues on proteins or peptides, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction by interfering with hydrogen bonding interactions. Messenger RNA studies show that N1-methylguanosine inhibits translation of mRNA by binding to

2'-Deoxy-5-propargyloxyuridine is a synthetic compound that inhibits the herpes simplex virus by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, an enzyme in the synthesis of DNA. It is used to study the growth rate of herpes virus and has been shown to inhibit murine leukemia L1210 and human l1210 cells at concentrations of 10-20 μg/mL. 2'-Deoxy-5-propargyloxyuridine has also been shown to have inhibitory activities against other viruses, such as polio virus and influenza virus. 2'-Deoxy-5-propargyloxyuridine inhibits biosynthesis by binding to enzymes involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids. The inhibitory dose for this compound is not yet known, but it has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on cell culture when preincubated with cells before infection with herpes simplex virus.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)adenosine is a novel nucleoside that can be used as an antiviral agent. It is an activator of viral polymerase and inhibits the proliferation of cells infected with HIV. This compound has been synthesized from 2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate, which is a precursor to RNA and DNA synthesis. N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)adenosine has also been shown to inhibit the growth of experimental tumors in mice. The synthesis of this compound is reliable and reproducible, making it a high quality product.

Coenzyme and regenerating electron donor in catabolic processes

5'-O-DMT-2'-O-hexylphthalimidouridine is a novel nucleoside analog with anticancer activity. It is a modified nucleoside that has been synthesized and purified in high purity. 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-hexylphthalimidouridine is an activator of DNA and RNA synthesis and has antiviral properties. It also inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) by human synovial cells. This compound binds to the RNA polymerase II enzyme, which prevents transcription of genetic material from DNA templates into messenger RNA. This leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death by apoptosis.

5-(Carboxymethyl)uridine is an uridine compound that has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in cultured cells. It binds to the ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds. 5-Carboxymethyl-uridine has been shown to be effective against two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in cell culture experiments. The inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis was shown to be dose-dependent for both strains. The mechanism of action is believed to be due to its binding to the ribosome and inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

3'-Azido-3'-deoxyadenosine is an initiator that can be used in oligoribonucleotide synthesis. It is stable, nonhydrolyzable and does not require any protecting groups for its use. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxyadenosine is efficient at initiating the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and has been shown to be a good substrate for biochemical studies. This compound is functionalized with a ribose group, which can be linked to other substances. The linkage of this compound to other substances allows it to be used as a building block for the production of oligoribonucleotides.

6-Thioinosine 5'-monophosphate (6TIMP) is a hydrogen bond donor that possesses inhibitory properties against protein synthesis. It has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. 6TIMP is also able to inhibit the bcr-abl kinase, which is implicated in the development of renal cell cancer. 6TIMP can be administered intravenously or orally and penetrates tissues well. The rate at which it enters cells is dependent on the transport rate, which is determined by its acidity. 6TIMP has been shown to cause DNA damage, leading to apoptosis and cell death in carcinoma cell lines. The mechanism of action appears to involve inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, acid formation, and DNA damage.

An azanucleoside and epigenetic modulator that interferes with nucleic acid metabolism. The compound gets incorporated into RNA and inhibits ribonucleotide reductase subunit RRM2 in leukemia cell lines. Intracellularly, 5-azacytidine can get converted into 2′-deoxy-5-azacytidine (decitabine) and subsequently incorporated in DNA, where it irreversibly inhibits DNMT1 methyltransferase. In human epithelial cell lines, this compound decreases Src-activated expression of a histone chaperone CAF1 and inhibits cell motility and invasiveness.

2'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside analog of deoxyuridine, in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose sugar is replaced with a bromine atom (Br) at the 2' position. This modification allows it to be incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis, where it can replace the normal thymidine. This molecule can potentially be used in molecular biology and cell biology as a thymidine analog to study DNA replication, cell proliferation, and DNA repair.

Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), an agonist of TLR3 toll-like receptors, is a synthetic double-stranded RNA analog, consisting of polyinosinic acid (poly I) paired with polycytidylic acid (poly C), forming a stable duplex structure. PolyI:C stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon through its interaction with endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and the cytoplasmic receptors melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). This immunostimulant activity makes Poly I:C a useful vaccine adjuvant and is used in vaccine formulations.  Poly I:C and its stabilized analogs (e.g., poly-ICLC) are also being actively researched for their dual role in oncology: directly targeting tumors and acting as immune potentiators. For example Poly I:C can induce apoptosis in tumor cells and stimulate immunogenic cell death and is therefore being explored alongside chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors, helping to overcome resistance mechanisms and strengthen treatment outcomes. We can supply PolyI:C to all stages of your project - from R&D and preclinical phases right up to GMP commercial manufacture. Contact our team for custom Poly I:C products.
For more on poly I:C read out blog 'Poly I:C: A Vaccine Adjuvant With Oncological Potential.'