Protein-Protein Interaction Modulator

Obatoclax mesylate is a synthetic small molecule, which is derived from chemical synthesis with a primary mode of action as a pan-BCL-2 inhibitor. This compound antagonizes multiple anti-apoptotic proteins within the BCL-2 family, ultimately promoting apoptosis in malignant cells. Its ability to inhibit these proteins disrupts the survival mechanisms that cancer cells exploit, potentially restoring apoptotic pathways that are often dysregulated in cancerous tissues.

Microtubule disrupter; anti-mitotic drug; anti-cancer alkaloid

(2R)-Arimoclomol maleate is an investigational pharmaceutical compound, which is an orally bioavailable small molecule with pharmacological activity primarily targeting cellular protein homeostasis mechanisms. This therapeutic agent is derived from molecular chaperones and operates by selectively enhancing the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). The mechanism of action involves the modulation of the heat shock response, wherein (2R)-Arimoclomol maleate amplifies the natural cellular defense pathways against protein misfolding and aggregation.

Reversible inhibitor of RGS proteins

Activator of RET signalling cascade and a derivative of a GFL mimetic compound BT 13. Molecular docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were performed in GDNF−GFRα1−RetA complex and showed that BT 18 binds to the allosteric site in GFRα1 as well as RetA surface interfacing GFRα1.

A potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway that interferes with β-catenin/TFC4 interaction. Reduces growth and motility of colon cancer cells. Inhibits self-renewal, whilst inducing differentiation in cancer stem cells.

Autophagy inhibitor that selectively targets the StART domain of GRAMD1A

A chemical probe for the dual bromodomains of human transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1 (TAF1). GNE 371 binds TAF1 with an IC50 of 10 nM and is selective over other bromodomain family members. Exerts anti-proliferative effects in synergy with BET inhibitor JQ1.

Inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and ligand to the clathrin heavy chain (CHC). ES9-17 is an inhibitor of the CHC function with EC50 of 13 μM in plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. ES9-17 is a non-protonophoric CME inhibitor and it does not alter the cytoplasmic pH levels substantially. In a mammalian cell line HeLa, ES9-17 reduced the uptake of transferrin, which is a CME-driven process.

Potent and selective inhibitor of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), by binding to the K27me3-pocket of the regulatory EED subunit. Inhibits H3K27 methylation in histone 3. Has anti-tumor activity in murine xenograft models. Synergistic with EZH2 inhibitor against cancer cell growth.