Natural Products and Phytochemicals by Botanical Origin

<p>Ruscogenin is a steroidal saponin, which is derived from the underground parts of plants belonging to the genus *Ruscus*, commonly known as butcher's broom. This compound is extracted primarily from the rhizomes of these plants. Its mode of action involves modulating inflammatory pathways by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing inflammation. Additionally, ruscogenin has been observed to enhance vascular integrity and reduce capillary permeability.</p>

<p>Dihydro capsaicin is a capsaicinoid compound, which is derived naturally from chili peppers through precision extraction processes. It is one of the active components responsible for the pungency of these peppers. With a molecular structure closely related to capsaicin, dihydro capsaicin interacts primarily with the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, a receptor found in the peripheral nervous system. This interaction leads to the sensation of heat or spiciness, mimicking a mild burning sensation by promoting calcium ion influx.</p>

<p>Stevioside hydrate is a natural sweetener, which is a steviol glycoside derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant. The stevia plant is native to South America and has been used for centuries as a non-caloric sweetener. The mode of action of stevioside involves its interaction with the sweet taste receptors on the tongue, specifically binding to the taste receptor cells and triggering a sensory response that is perceived as sweetness. Unlike sucrose, which provides calories, stevioside offers a sweetening effect without significant caloric contribution, making it an advantageous option for sugar replacement.</p>

<p>L-Sulphoraphene is a naturally occurring organic compound that is classified as an isothiocyanate, specifically derived from cruciferous vegetables such as radishes and mustard seeds. It is primarily sourced through the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphenin, a glucosinolate found abundantly in these plants. Upon mechanical disruption of plant cells, the enzyme myrosinase catalyzes the conversion of glucoraphenin to L-Sulphoraphene.</p>

<p>Mogroside VI is a triterpenoid glycoside, which is a natural sweetener primarily derived from the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii, commonly known as monk fruit. This compound is sourced from the Mongolian region of southern China, where the fruit is traditionally used for its sweet taste and therapeutic properties. The mode of action of Mogroside VI involves its high sweetness intensity due to its structure, which interacts with taste receptors on the human tongue. It is also thought to exhibit potential antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals, although the exact molecular pathways remain under investigation.The applications of Mogroside VI are diverse, primarily focused on its use as a non-caloric sweetener in various food and beverage products, catering to dietary preferences requiring low-sugar or sugar-free formulations. Beyond its sweetening capabilities, ongoing research explores its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, although more rigorous scientific investigations are required to substantiate these effects. Therefore, Mogroside VI represents a multifaceted compound of interest within nutritional and medical research, warranting further exploration of its biochemical properties and therapeutic potential.</p>

<p>Anti-obesity</p>

<p>Podophyllin resin is an antimitotic agent, derived from the rhizomes and roots of the plant Podophyllum emodii. This resin is primarily extracted from the species belonging to the Berberidaceae family, which is native to the Himalayan region. The mode of action of Podophyllin resin involves the inhibition of mitosis by binding to tubulin and subsequently preventing the formation of microtubules, disrupting cell division. This mechanism is particularly effective in rapidly proliferating cells.</p>

<p>Pheophytin B is a chlorophyll derivative, which is a pigment molecule sourced from plants, specifically a part of the photosynthetic apparatus. During chlorophyll breakdown, the magnesium ion is replaced by two hydrogen atoms, forming pheophytin. This structural modification results in the loss of the central magnesium ion, altering its absorption properties and functionality.</p>

<p>Prototribestin is a saponin that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Rotenoid compound exhibiting strong larvicidal activity</p>

<p>Millettone is a novel organic compound, which is derived from natural botanical sources. It is an isoflavonoid extracted primarily from Millettia species, known for having a wide range of bioactive properties. With its unique chemical structure, Millettone effectively interacts with various biological systems, acting primarily through mechanisms that involve modulation of enzymatic activity and receptor binding. Such interactions can influence several biochemical pathways, promoting or inhibiting specific cellular processes.</p>