Purines and Pyrimidine Derivatives

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Paraquat Dichloride, a commonly used heribicide. Paraquat Dichloride is a fast-acting and non-selective viologen derivative that kills green plant tissue on contact. Studies suggest that there might be a possible link between Paraquat Dichloride and the development of Parkinson’s disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Heylings, J.R. et al.: Toxicology, 241, 1 (2007); Wibawa, W. et al.: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11, 145 (2009); Franco, R. et al.: Chem.-Biol. Inter., 188, 289 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Tosylate (cas# 80-40-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Sumatriptan is a serotonin 5HT1-receptor agonist.<br>References Humphrey, P.P.A., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1123 (1988); Doenicke, A., et al.: Lancet 1, 1309 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tetrahydrobiopterin is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine , epinephrine, and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide by the nitric oxide synthases. Chemically, its structure is that of a reduced pteridine derivative.<br>References Levy, Harvey L., et al.: Lancet,  370, 504 (2007); Isojima, Yasushi., et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .,106, 15744 (2009); Burton, B. K., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 30, 700 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An impurity of Tenofovir Disoproxil (T018505(P)), which is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue; reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used as an anti-HIV agent and an antiviral.<br>References Gan, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 344 (1996), Annaert, P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 492 (1997), Naesens, L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 1568 (1998), Shaw, J. P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulbutiamine (isobutyryl thiamine disulfide) is a lipophilic derivative of thiamine used for the treatment of asthenia and other related pathological conditions. Sulbutiamine is available over-the-counter in several countries as a component of nutritional supplements.<br>References Micheau, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 23, 195 (1985), Bettendorff, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 40, 2557 (1990), van Reeth, O., et al.: Drugs Today, 35, 187 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 2-(3-formyl-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate is an impurity of Febuxostat (F229000), which is a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor, used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout.<br>References Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003); Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005); Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled specific serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988), Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the novel synthesis of biologically active nitro heterocyclic compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pawar, N., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 21, 115 (2004), Badgujar, D., et al.: J. Sci. Ind. Res., 66, 250 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Doxofylline is a xanthine molecule that appears to be both bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory with an improved therapeutic window over conventional xanthines such as Theophylline and the evidence supporting the effects of Doxofylline in the treatment of lung diseases.<br>References Franzone, J., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 14, 479 (1988), Nicholson, C., et al.: Pulm. Pharmacol., 7, 1 (1994), Sullivan, P., et al.: Lancet, 343, 1006 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications An immunosuppressive drug used to treat leukemia. It is also used for pediatric non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, polycythemia vera, and psoriatic arthritis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zeng, H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 911 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methylpurine (cas# 2004-03-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications A useful synthetic intermediate for making potent and selective coronary vasodilators.<br>References Niiya, K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 4557 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A lactose adduct of Memantine (M218000). Intermediate in the synthesis of reducing carbohydrate Adamantane amines for use in treating Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria infections.<br>References Kustimur, et al.: Chinese Med. J., 116, 633 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of Oseltamivir. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Williams, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 1837 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications A degradation product of Nicotinic acid (N429250). An impurity of Nicotinic acid.<br>References Ensign, J., et al.: Biol. Chem., 239, 2285 (1964), Houghton, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 130, 879 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A serotonin 5HT1-receptor agonist. Antimigraine.<br>References Humphrey, P.P.A., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1123 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of nicotinamide with potential anticoccidial activity.<br>References Morisawa, Y. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 20, 129 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used as an antiparkinsonian and antispasmodic.<br>References Rohde, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 100, 2023 (1982), Kornhuber, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 166, 589 (1989), Gortelmeyer, R. and Erbler, H.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 42, 904 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ondansetron is a specific serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988); Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Oseltamivir EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4-Acetylamino-3-hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester (Oseltamivir EP Impurity D) is an impurity in the antiviral drug Oseltamivir (O700100).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tenofovir Disoproxil USP Related Compound A<br>Applications The S-enantiomeric impurity of the antiviral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (T018505(P)), which is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue; reverse transcriptase inhibitor and used as an anti-HIV agent.Tenofovir Disoproxil USP Related Compound A.<br>References Shaw, J. P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled marker for peroxynitrite. Oxidant and cytotoxic agent.<br>References Sekiguchi, M., et al.: Brain Res., 978, 228 (2003), van den Tweel, E., et al.: J. Neurobiol., 167, 64 (2005), Shirakura, T., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 1658 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity D<br>Applications N10-Methyl Pteroic Acid (Methotrexate EP Impurity D) is a Methotrexate (M260675) impurity D.<br>References Cramer, S., et al.: Cancer Res. 1984, 44, 1843 (1984), Hendel, J., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 103 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-13C3 is a labelled analogue of Caffeine (C080100), a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Caffeine is a cardiac and respiratory stimulant; diuretic. Caffeine is toxic at sufficiently high doses.A study at Johns Hopkins University indicates that caffeine can improve pattern separation memory.<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);  Chem. and Eng. News p.34, Jan. 20, (2014)<br></p>