Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications Matairesinol is a principle plant lignan consituent of dietary fiber.<br>References Dang, P. H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 80, 1876 (2017); Hu, C., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 31, 1358 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sinensetin exhibits anti-fungal, anti-histamine activity; induce cell differentiation, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, inhibition of white blood cells in the human zona protein Interleukin -1-induced expression of tissue factor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Elliott, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 44, 1603 (1992), Furuta, S., et al.: J. Food Sci., 62, 526 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the major metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Phlorizin. A glucose transport inhibitor. Also inhibits protein kinase C and has been shown to inhibit the entry of five enveloped viruses into human fibroblasts.<br>References Constantinescu, S.N., et al.: FEBS Lett., 292, 31 (1991), Mann, J., et al.: Appl. Physiol., 71, 410 (1991), Benga, G., et al.: Eur. J. Cell Biol., 59, 219 (1992), Kitanaka, J., et al.: J. Neurochem., 60, 704 (1993), Wang, X., et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 249 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Xanthophyll is one of the most widespread carotenoid alcohols in nature. Originally isolated from egg yolk, also isolated by chromatography from nettles, algae, and petals of many yellow flowers.<br>References van het Hof, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 130, 503 (2000), Cooper, D., et al.: J. Nutr., 134, 221S (2004), Faulks, R., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1740, 95 (2005), Rao, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 55, 207 (2007), Tuberoso, C., et al.: Food Chem., 103, 149 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Naringin. Inhibitory mechanism of Naringenin against carcinogenic acrylamide formation and nonenzymic browning in Maillard model reactions.<br>References Lomovskaya, N., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 305 (1999), Chung, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 54, 250 (2001), Kim, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 981 (2004), Kumar, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 19569 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antioxidant flavenoid.<br>References Dixon, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 36322 (2010), Sheu, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 58, 1187 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amer, S. et al.: Cytologia, 39, 633 (1974); Xu, X. wt l.: Occup. Environ. Med., 68, 557 (2011); Sinclair, C.J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4617 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of cis Resveratrol.<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Feruloylputrescine is an effector of plant root systems, influencing development of nutrient gathering root systems. Inhibition of the formation of this compound causes the development of a dominant or ‘tap’ root.<br>References Ben-Hayyim G. et al.: FEBS Lett., 4, 145 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+/-)-Catechin xHydrate is an antioxidant flavonoid.<br>References Liao, J. et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 65, 3013 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide-d3 Sodium Salt is the labelled analogue of Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt, which is a metabolite of Curcumin (C838510) in hepatic tissue and portal blood.<br>References Sharma, O., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1811 (1976); Colletti, L., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 85, 1936 (1990); Sharma, R., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 7, 1894 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Caffeic Acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It was used as a reactant to synthesize N-caffeoylphenalkylamide derivatives as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors. It is also used to prepare caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogs with antitumor structures.<br>References Michalet, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 1755 (2007); Nagaoka, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 10, 3351 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Kaempferol is a plant flavonoid.<br>References Hertog, M., et al.: Nutr. Cancer, 20, 21 (1993), Peluso, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 183 (2000), Briggs, W., et al.: Plant Physiol., 125, 85 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of Tetrahydro Curcumin, a major metabolite of Curcumin (C838500) that has been shown to have protective effects against diabetes and vascular dysfunction via alleviation of oxidative stress.<br>References Namareoung, S. et al.: Naun.-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol.,383, 519 (2011); Kartileksan, K. et al.: J. Func. Foods, 2, 134 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A caffeine metabolite which showed high antioxidant activity. It is a very sensitive biomarker for the consumption of relatively small amount of coffee.<br>References Buchanan, C., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 71, 459 (1996), Andreasen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5679 (2001), Poquet, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 190 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid is used as an antibiotic, and antioxidant agent.<br>References Xu, H. et al.: Food Sci. Biotech., 23, 2013 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tyrosol-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of Tyrosol (T947800); a phenolic antioxidant.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010); Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Butylated Hydroxyanisole is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomers of tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (1). Butylated Hydroxyanisole is used in food preservation as antioxidant (2) properties prevent food from becoming rancid. Butylated Hydroxyanisoleas is also used in animal feed, petroleum products, and cosmetics. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Lam, L. et al.: J. Med. Chem. 1979 May;22(5):569-71.2. Pimpa, B. et al.: Kaset. J. Nat. Sci. (2009) June:43, 370<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gulcan, H., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 1503 (2008), Toropov, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 5999 (2008), Franco, A., et al.: Envir. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 2018 (2009), Jensen, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5872 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Linarine (Diosmin EP Impurity E) is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside that was identified to possess potential sedative and anticonvulsant properties.<br>References Nugroho, A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 36, 51 (2013); Jung, H.A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 35, 1021 (2012); Shen, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Plants. Res., 5, 6555 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Harpagoside is an iridoid glycoside along with with Harpagide (H105270), the potential to be strong anti-inflammatory agents providing the bulk of the observed effects from their plant origins.<br>References Zhang, L. et al.: Bioorg Med. Chem., 19, 4882 (2011); Wen, B. et al.: J. Ethnopharm., 147, 503 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A natural phenolic compound. Potent anti-tumor agent having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Reported to inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase. Easily penetrates into the cytoplasm of cells, accumulating in membranous structures such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.Curcumin is currently being examined as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Neuroprotective. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Srinivasan, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 448 (1953), Tu, B., et al.: J .Cell Biol., 164, 341 (2004), Xu, G., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 9817 (2005), Johnson, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 255, 170 (2007), Chem. and Eng. News 90(31), 44 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tyrosol Glucuronide is a derivative of tyrosol (T947800), which is phenolic antioxidant.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010), Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin A is a major metabolite of ellagitannin and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>M02441 - Rolipram</p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC). Found in hepatocyte, microsome, S9 fraction of human, dog, monkey, rat and mouse liver.<br>References Ekins, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos. 24, 990 (1996), Bock, K., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol. 66, 691 (2003), Naritomi, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos. 31, 580 (2003).<br></p>

<p>Applications Scopoletin 7-O-glucoside is a derivative of Scopoletin (S200500), a common constituent found in a variety of plants that has potential to regulate hyperthyroidism in rats. Scopoletin 7-O-glucoside is a compound that is obtained from the methanolic extract of the fresh underground parts of the flower Scopolia japonica.<br>References Okamura, S., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 2981 (1992); Panda, S. &amp; Kar, A.: Phytother. Res., 20, 1103 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin M7 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chrysoeriol is a methoxyflavonoid that selectively inhibits the formation of a carcinogenic estrogen metabolite in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A metabolite of Luteolin (L475000).<br>References Takemura, H. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 70 (2010); Petroianu, G. et al.: Open Med. Chem. J., 3, 1 (2009); Takemura, H. et al.: Toxicology, 274, 42 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three major forms of curcuminoids found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Bisdemethoxycurcumin displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as chemotherapeutic activity. Bisdemethoxycurcumin acts as an inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase, a target for type-2 diabetes .<br>References Ponnusamy, S. et al.: Food Chem., 135, 2638 (2012); Hung, C.-M. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 60, 8427 (2012); Jayaprakasha, G.K. et al.: Food Chem., 98, 720 (2006);<br></p>

<p>M04120 - 4-Methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide</p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac-Hesperetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Hesperetin (H289500), which is the main circulating metabolite involved in osteoblast differentiation.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 101, 790 (2007), Brand, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 1794 (2008)<br></p>