Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications Probucol is an antilipemic.<br>References Shakir, D., et al.: J. Clin. Med. Res., 1, 8 (2009), Kubo, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 32, 1880 (2009), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of trans Resveratrol (150000).<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Allyl Bromide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Resveratrol derivatives. Resveratrol (R150000) is a minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.<br> E0<br>References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995); Mulakayala, C. et al.: J. Mol. Graph. Model., 41, 43 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications An antioxidant flavenoid.<br>References Dixon, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 36322 (2010), Sheu, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 58, 1187 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications An isoflavone with anticancer proliferation, differentiation and chemopreventitive properties. Inhibits metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene.<br>References Chae, Y.H., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interactions, 82, 181 (1992), Jing, Y. and Waxman, S.: Anticancer Res., 15(4), 1147 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexahydrocurcumin-d6 is an isotope labelled degradation product of Curcumin (C838500), a dietary anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive agent consisting of two methoxyphenol rings connected by a conjugated heptadienedione chain.<br>References Gordon, D.N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 290, 4817 (2015);<br></p>

<p>M04091 - (S)-(+)-Rolipram</p>

<p>Applications Isochlorgenic Acid is shown to provide antioxidant and DNA-protective activities.<br>References Xu, J. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 11625 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Feruloylputrescine is an effector of plant root systems, influencing development of nutrient gathering root systems. Inhibition of the formation of this compound causes the development of a dominant or ‘tap’ root.<br>References Ben-Hayyim G. et al.: FEBS Lett., 4, 145 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoamyl 4-Methoxycinnamate is used in the highly protective sunscreen composition against the UVA/UVB.<br>References Cuderman, P., et al: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1343 (2007), Zhao, X., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1201 (2008), Dubrovski, P., et al.: Text Res. J., 79, 351 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A major component of green coffee the extracts of which promote weight loss in overweight and obese people. Chlorogenic Acid is an important intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. Chlorogenic Acid is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of the tumor promoting activity of phorbol ester. It has protective effect against streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated oxidative stress induced diabetes and may also protect against cardiovascular disease.<br>References Chem. and Eng. News p. 20 April 15, 2013; Karthikesan, K. et al.: J. Func. Foods, 2, 134 (2010); Lincoln, W.M. et al.: Clin. Exp. Phamacol. Physiol., 27, 152 (2000); Gamborg, O.L. et al.: Can. J. Biochem., 45, 1451 (1967);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Genistein-7-sulfate 4’-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of Genistein (G350000), a compound that exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase.<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987); O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991); Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Apigenin. Antibacterial. Metabolite of Luteolin in rats.<br>References Baylocq, D., et al.: Ann. Pharm. Fr., 41, 115 (1983), Allen, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 29, 1074 (2001), Birt, D., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 90, 157 (2001), Boersma, M., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 662 (2002); Chen, Z., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 39, 667 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A human metabolite of Resveratrol (R150000). Piceatannol is strong anti-oxidant.<br>References Athar, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 224, 274 (2007), Bernhardt, R., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 128 (2006), Fairman, D.A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 2159 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole shows insecticidal activity.<br>References Newberne, P., et al.: Food Technol., 54, 66 (2000), Passone, M., et al.: Food Control, 19, 364 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cannflavin B is a prenylated flavone which can be isolated from the cannabinoid free ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa L.<br>References Barrett, M. L., Experientia, 42, 452-3, (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Triclosan is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Lindström, A. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002 Jun 1;36(11):2322-9. 2. Ruszkiewicz, J. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2017;20(2):104-117.<br></p>

<p>Applications Triclosan O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of the bacteriostat, Triclosan (T774250).<br>References Moss, T. et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 361 (2000); Wu, J. et al.: Sepu, 27, 724 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications An anthocyanin responsible for red pigment in fruits and berries. It is an antioxidant, protecting the cell against damage from SOD.<br>References Riihinen, K., et al.: Food Chem., 110, 156 (2008), Khanizadeh, S., et al.: J. Food Comp. Anal., 21, 396 (2008), Viskelis, P., et al.: J. Food Sci., 74, C157 (2009), Comeskey, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2035 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995)Merck Index 12th ed. 43952. Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tyrosol-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of Tyrosol (T947800); a phenolic antioxidant.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010); Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Hydroxy Coumarin-d5 is the labeled analogue of 7-Hydroxy Coumarin (H924875), a metabolite of Coumarin that is present in many plants and is the aglucon of skimmin.<br>References Schilling, et al.: Nature, 221, 664 (1969); Indahl, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 13 (1971); Thompson, S.G., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 18, 264 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br>References Nunes, C., et al.: J. Env. Biol., 29, 733 (2008), Carucci, A., et al.: Water Sci. Technol., 58, 309 (2008), Fu, W., et al.: Env., Toxicol., Chem., 28, 1372 (2009), Osborne, R., et al.: Biochem., 48, 4231 (2009), Campoy, S., et al.: Env. Microbiol., 11, 99 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of cis Resveratrol.<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Harpagoside is an iridoid glycoside along with with Harpagide (H105270), the potential to be strong anti-inflammatory agents providing the bulk of the observed effects from their plant origins.<br>References Zhang, L. et al.: Bioorg Med. Chem., 19, 4882 (2011); Wen, B. et al.: J. Ethnopharm., 147, 503 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.<br>References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin A is a major metabolite of ellagitannin and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the treatment of venous disorders.<br>References Courbat, P., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 49, 1203 (1966), Hackett, A.M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 26, 925 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors 2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications A bactericide detected in rivers and lakes. The current lot contains 8.7% d2, 0.2% d1 and 0.002% d0.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lindstrom, A., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2322 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiochrome is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor enhancer of acetylcholine affinity.<br>References Mohsen, Z., et al.: Food and chemical toxicology, 49 (2011); Lazareno, S., et al.: Molecular pharmacology, 65 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Eugenol Acetate is a constituent of Clove oil, an essential oil from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum. Clove oil is a natural analgaesic and antiseptic used primarily in dentistry for its main ingredient Eugenol. Clove oil can also be purchased in pharmacies over the counter, as a home remedy for dental pain relief, mainly toothache; it is also often found in the aromatherapy section of health food stores.<br>References Ito, M., eet al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 461 (2005); Kikuzaki, H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 63, 749 (2000); Manach, C., et al.: Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 16, 77 (2005),; Auclair, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 5558 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin M7 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin M6 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac-Hesperetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Hesperetin (H289500), which is the main circulating metabolite involved in osteoblast differentiation.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 101, 790 (2007), Brand, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 1794 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hesperetin 3тАЩ-O-b-D-Glucuronide is one of the most abundant metabolite of Hesperetin (H289500) in vivo.<br>References van Zanden, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 74, 345 (2007), Yanez, J., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 29, 63 (2008), Brand, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 38, 617 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Chlorophyll A is a photosynthetic pigment that is essential for photosynthesis of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, acting as a primary donor in the electron transport chain. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Prasad, K., et al.: Curr. Res. Chem., 3, 98 (2011); Shanab, S.M., et al.: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 3017 (2011); Ajayan, K.V., et al.: Biores. Techol., 102, 7591 (2011); Felming, I.: Nature, 216, 151 (1967); Woodward, R.B. et al.: Tetrahedron, 46, 7599 1990); Chen, M. et al.: Sciemce, 319, 1318 (2010); Gitelson, A.A. et al.: Rem. Sens. Environ., 69, 296 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications [6]-Shogaol is an aromatic constituent of ginger and the chain-dehydroxylated analog of [6]-Gingerol. [6]-Shogaol has activity very similar to [6]-Gingerol and produced an inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, antipyretic and analgesic effects, and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. [6]-Shogaol also has potent antitussive activity and affected the cortical EEG.<br>References Suekawa, M. et al.: J. Pharm-Dyn., 7, 836 (1984); Yoshikawa, M. et al.: Chem. Pharmac. Bull., 40, 2239 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Phlorizin. A glucose transport inhibitor. Also inhibits protein kinase C and has been shown to inhibit the entry of five enveloped viruses into human fibroblasts.<br>References Constantinescu, S.N., et al.: FEBS Lett., 292, 31 (1991), Mann, J., et al.: Appl. Physiol., 71, 410 (1991), Benga, G., et al.: Eur. J. Cell Biol., 59, 219 (1992), Kitanaka, J., et al.: J. Neurochem., 60, 704 (1993), Wang, X., et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 249 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.<br>References Kostjuk, S.V., et al.: Eur. Polym. J., 43, 968-979 (2007); Liu, X., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 252, 176-180 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Resveratrol Triacetate is the acetylated analogue of Resveratrol (R150000) that is a natural antioxidant and a potential radioprotective agent. trans-Resveratrol Triacetate induces p53 activity and inhibits proliferation in breast and prostate tumor cell lines.<br>References Torres, P. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 807 (2010); Kotagiri, S. et al.: J. Chem. Pharmac. Sci., 3, 191 (2010); Koide, K. et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Chem. Lett., 2, 270 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-d4 is an isotopic analog of 4-Hydroxybenzophenone (H829305), a metabolite of benzophenone (B204980).<br>References Stocklinski, A. et al. Life Sciences 26, 365(1980)<br></p>