Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications An anthocyanin responsible for red pigment in fruits and berries. It is an antioxidant, protecting the cell against damage from SOD.<br>References Riihinen, K., et al.: Food Chem., 110, 156 (2008), Khanizadeh, S., et al.: J. Food Comp. Anal., 21, 396 (2008), Viskelis, P., et al.: J. Food Sci., 74, C157 (2009), Comeskey, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2035 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulfuric Acid conjugated Genistein metabolite.<br>References Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004), Tsuchihashi, R., et al.: Nat. Med., 58, 71 (2004), Bursztyka, J., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 939 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Kaempferol is a plant flavonoid.<br>References Hertog, M., et al.: Nutr. Cancer, 20, 21 (1993), Peluso, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 183 (2000), Briggs, W., et al.: Plant Physiol., 125, 85 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isorhoifolin (Diosmin EP Impurity C) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that was shown to exhibit potential antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects.<br>References Bansa, P., et al.: Exp. Toxicol. Pathol.,64, 651 (2012); Negro, D., et al.: J. Food. Sci., 77, 244 (2012); Seo, O.N., et al.: Food. Chem., 134, 572 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors 2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Coumarin is a pharmaceutic aid (flavor) that is found in tonka beans, levender oil, woodruff, sweet clover.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hazleton, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 118, 348 (1956); Lake, B., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 423 (1999); Frerot, E., et al.: Flavour Fragrance J., 17, 218 (2002); Yang, Z., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 289 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichlorophenol is an intermediates in the manufacture of more complex chemical compounds such as fungicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, F., et al.: Bull. Enviro. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 316 (2012); Zhong, W., et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 217, 286 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A bactericide detected in rivers and lakes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lindstrom, A., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2322 (2002)<br></p>

<p>M02441 - Rolipram</p>

<p>Applications Thiochrome is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor enhancer of acetylcholine affinity.<br>References Mohsen, Z., et al.: Food and chemical toxicology, 49 (2011); Lazareno, S., et al.: Molecular pharmacology, 65 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three major forms of curcuminoids found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Bisdemethoxycurcumin displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as chemotherapeutic activity. Bisdemethoxycurcumin acts as an inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase, a target for type-2 diabetes .<br>References Ponnusamy, S. et al.: Food Chem., 135, 2638 (2012); Hung, C.-M. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 60, 8427 (2012); Jayaprakasha, G.K. et al.: Food Chem., 98, 720 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Triclosan is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Lindström, A. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002 Jun 1;36(11):2322-9. 2. Ruszkiewicz, J. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2017;20(2):104-117.<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-p-Coumaric Acid is the E-isomer of p-Coumaric Acid (C755365), a hydroxy derivative of Cinnamic Acid with antioxidant properties. p-Coumaric acid is a is a major component of lignocellulose. Studies suggest that p-Coumaric Acid may reduce the risk of cancer by reducing the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.<br>References Kikugawa, K. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 1, 780 (1983); Ferguson, L.R. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 585 (2005); Chung, F.L. et al.: IARC Sci. Pub., 57, 797 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Chlorophyll A is a photosynthetic pigment that is essential for photosynthesis of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, acting as a primary donor in the electron transport chain. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Prasad, K., et al.: Curr. Res. Chem., 3, 98 (2011); Shanab, S.M., et al.: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 3017 (2011); Ajayan, K.V., et al.: Biores. Techol., 102, 7591 (2011); Felming, I.: Nature, 216, 151 (1967); Woodward, R.B. et al.: Tetrahedron, 46, 7599 1990); Chen, M. et al.: Sciemce, 319, 1318 (2010); Gitelson, A.A. et al.: Rem. Sens. Environ., 69, 296 (1999);<br></p>

<p>M04091 - (S)-(+)-Rolipram</p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 6-Iodo Diosmin (Diosmin EP Impurity D) is a Diosmin (D485200) impurity.<br></p>