Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br>References Nunes, C., et al.: J. Env. Biol., 29, 733 (2008), Carucci, A., et al.: Water Sci. Technol., 58, 309 (2008), Fu, W., et al.: Env., Toxicol., Chem., 28, 1372 (2009), Osborne, R., et al.: Biochem., 48, 4231 (2009), Campoy, S., et al.: Env. Microbiol., 11, 99 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Silybin B is the 2R, 3R, 7‘S, 8‘S isomer of Silybin (S465850); a natural occurring flavolignan that exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effects on human hepatic stellate cells.<br>References Lee, D.Y.W, et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 66, 1171 (2003); Trappoliere, M., et al.: J. Hepatol., 50, 1102 (2009); Borsari, M., et al.: J. Inorg. Biochem., 85, 123 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid or, in IUPAC nomenclature, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-enoic acid) which is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. It may have significant health benefits through its antioxidant and anti-cancer activity, and may also serve as a precursor in the manufacturing of useful aromatic compounds. Used as an antioxidant.<br>References Smart, M.G., et al.: Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 6, 485 (1979), Chen, C., et al.: J. Food Lipids, 2, 35,1995, Benzie, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem. 239, 70 (1996), Nardini, M., et al.: Food Chem., 79, 119 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2647 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Widely distributed in small amounts in plants. Used as an antioxidant and food preservative.<br>References Smart, M.G., et al.: Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 6, 485 (1979), Chen, C., et al.: J. Food Lipids, 2, 35,1995, Benzie, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem. 239, 70 (1996), Nardini, M., et al.: Food Chem., 79, 119 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2647 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ferulic Acid 4-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Ferulic Acid (F308910) and Caffeic Acid (C080000). Ferulic Acid 4-O-β-D-Glucuronide is one of the circulating metabolites in human plasma after coffee consumption.<br>References Su, M. et al.: Zhong. Zian. Ying. Yao., 26, 501 (2009); Rondini, L. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4338 (2004); Redeuil, K. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 4678 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Erythrosine B Disodium Salt is a derivative of fluorone and is used as a cherry-pink synthetic colour additives used on food products. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Xue, H., et al.: Adv. Mat. Res., 476, 2239 (2012); Harp, B. P., et al.: Food. Add. Contamin., 29, 886 (2012); Sarikaya, R., et al.: Chemosphere., 88, 974 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Matairesinol is a principle plant lignan consituent of dietary fiber.<br>References Dang, P. H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 80, 1876 (2017); Hu, C., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 31, 1358 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications RIBOFLAVINE TETRABUTYRATE (cas# 752-56-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Glabridin is a compound extracted from Licorice (root) shows properties that are cytotoxic, antimicrobial, estrogenic and anti-proliferative.<br>References Tian, M. et al.: Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9, 571 (2008); Simmler, C. et al.: Fitoterapia, 90, 160 (2013);<br></p>

<p>M04142 - Naphthol AS-BI beta-D-glucuronide</p>

<p>Applications Galangin is a flavanoid found in Alpinia officinarum, galangal rhizome (Alpinia galanga) and in propolis. Galangin has been show to inhibit proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as well as delay of mammary tumorigenesis.<br>References So, F.V. et al.: Nutrit. Cancer, 26, 167 (1996); So, F. et al.: Cancer Lett., 112, 127 (1997); Ciolino, H.P. et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 79, 1340 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sinensetin exhibits anti-fungal, anti-histamine activity; induce cell differentiation, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, inhibition of white blood cells in the human zona protein Interleukin -1-induced expression of tissue factor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Elliott, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 44, 1603 (1992), Furuta, S., et al.: J. Food Sci., 62, 526 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Triclosan is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Lindström, A. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002 Jun 1;36(11):2322-9. 2. Ruszkiewicz, J. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2017;20(2):104-117.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate of Isoferulic Acid (H946180). Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is one of the circulating metabolites in human plasma after coffee consumption.<br>References Fumeaux, R. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 8, 5199 (2010); Redeuil, K. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 4678 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.<br>References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the major metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoorientin is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from the passion flower, and several other species of plants. Isoorientin has also shown to exert antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities in several studies.<br>References Alves, S.F., et al.: J. Pharma. Rsch., 4, 4621 (2011); Ma, X., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 60, 10844 (2012); Joubert, E., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 60, 9171 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of isoflavone derivatives. A derivative of Glycitein. Inhibitor.<br>References Whalley, J.L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 1569 (1998), Song, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 1607 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications An isoflavone with anticancer proliferation, differentiation and chemopreventitive properties. Inhibits metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene.<br>References Chae, Y.H., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interactions, 82, 181 (1992), Jing, Y. and Waxman, S.: Anticancer Res., 15(4), 1147 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications A natural phenolic compound. Potent anti-tumor agent having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Reported to inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase. Easily penetrates into the cytoplasm of cells, accumulating in membranous structures such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.Curcumin is currently being examined as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Neuroprotective. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Srinivasan, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 448 (1953), Tu, B., et al.: J .Cell Biol., 164, 341 (2004), Xu, G., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 9817 (2005), Johnson, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 255, 170 (2007), Chem. and Eng. News 90(31), 44 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gallic Acid exhibits a number of cellular effects including apoptosis and inhibits the growth of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (CPAEC);Also, it is a polyphenol widely found in numerous fruits and vegetables that has been reported to exert anticancer effects, including apoptosis, against cancer cell lines.<br>References Park, W. H.: Mol. Med. Rep., 16, 7805-7812 (2017); Yang, C., et al.: RSC Adv., 8, 12449-12458 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyleugenol is a phenylpropene that is commonly found in plants such as nutmeg, pimento, lemongrass, tarragon, basil, star anise, and fennel. Methyleugenol has been shown to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29. Compounds that exhibit HDAC-inhibitory properties or disrupt the HDAC complex have potential applications in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. In addition, Methyleugenol is a flavoring agent often used in consumer products such as jellies, baked goods, beverages,chewing gums, ice cream, and fragrance.<br>References Groh, I. A., et al.: J Nutr Metab. 2013, 821082 (2013); R. L. Smith, et al.: Food Chem Toxicol 40, 851 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid is used as an antibiotic, and antioxidant agent.<br>References Xu, H. et al.: Food Sci. Biotech., 23, 2013 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-d4 is an isotopic analog of 4-Hydroxybenzophenone (H829305), a metabolite of benzophenone (B204980).<br>References Stocklinski, A. et al. Life Sciences 26, 365(1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulfuric Acid conjugated Genistein metabolite.<br>References Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004), Tsuchihashi, R., et al.: Nat. Med., 58, 71 (2004), Bursztyka, J., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 939 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three major forms of curcuminoids found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Bisdemethoxycurcumin displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as chemotherapeutic activity. Bisdemethoxycurcumin acts as an inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase, a target for type-2 diabetes .<br>References Ponnusamy, S. et al.: Food Chem., 135, 2638 (2012); Hung, C.-M. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 60, 8427 (2012); Jayaprakasha, G.K. et al.: Food Chem., 98, 720 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Digallic Acid is an intermolecular ester of Gallic acid (G188900), a phenolic acid with antioxidant activity. Gallic acid was found to protect human cells against oxidative damage and showed cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Gallic Acid and its esters also show antiviral and antifungal activities.<br>References Yen, G. et al.: Food Chem., 79, 307 (2002); Chen, C. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 51, 962 (2007); Kratz, J. et al.: Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 103, 437 (2008); Osborne, L. et al.: Infect. Immun., 33, 769 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications An anthocyanin responsible for red pigment in fruits and berries. It is an antioxidant, protecting the cell against damage from SOD.<br>References Riihinen, K., et al.: Food Chem., 110, 156 (2008), Khanizadeh, S., et al.: J. Food Comp. Anal., 21, 396 (2008), Viskelis, P., et al.: J. Food Sci., 74, C157 (2009), Comeskey, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2035 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Imperatorin (cas# 482-44-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Feruloylputrescine is an effector of plant root systems, influencing development of nutrient gathering root systems. Inhibition of the formation of this compound causes the development of a dominant or ‘tap’ root.<br>References Ben-Hayyim G. et al.: FEBS Lett., 4, 145 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichlorophenol is an intermediates in the manufacture of more complex chemical compounds such as fungicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, F., et al.: Bull. Enviro. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 316 (2012); Zhong, W., et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 217, 286 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Coumarin is a pharmaceutic aid (flavor) that is found in tonka beans, levender oil, woodruff, sweet clover.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hazleton, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 118, 348 (1956); Lake, B., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 423 (1999); Frerot, E., et al.: Flavour Fragrance J., 17, 218 (2002); Yang, Z., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 289 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+/-)-Catechin xHydrate is an antioxidant flavonoid.<br>References Liao, J. et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 65, 3013 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected caffeine metabolite with high antioxidant activity. It is a very sensitive biomarker for the consumption of relatively small amount of coffee.<br>References Buchanan, C., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 71, 459 (1996), Andreasen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5679 (2001), Poquet, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 190 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Caffeic Acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It was used as a reactant to synthesize N-caffeoylphenalkylamide derivatives as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors. It is also used to prepare caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogs with antitumor structures.<br>References Michalet, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 1755 (2007); Nagaoka, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 10, 3351 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triclosan is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Lindström, A. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002 Jun 1;36(11):2322-9. 2. Ruszkiewicz, J. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2017;20(2):104-117.<br></p>

<p>Applications It is an alkaloid isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. It shows various pharmaceutical properties: bacteriostatic, wound healing, cytotoxicity, immunosuppression, acetilcholinesterase inhibition, and inhibition of the activity of tumor angiogenesis.<br>References Perdue, G.P., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 124 (1979), Tsacheva, I., et al.: J. Biosci., 59, 528 (2004), Zhang, Y., et al.: Cancer Lett., 262 103 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Cyanidol 3-Glucoside is a anthocyanin that is naturally occurring in various fruits, vegetable and plants. Cyanidol 3-Glucoside is known to exhibit high antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects by triggering mobilization of cellular free sialic acid and utilizing it as an additional biological antioxidant in brain neural cells.<br>References Damar, I., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 2910 (2012); Kim, S.M., et al.: Life. Sci., 90, 874 (2012); Asada, T., et al.: J. Agri. Chem., 60, 10634 (2012);<br></p>