Nucleosides and Nucleotides

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 5-Methylcytidine is a derivative of Cytidine (C998300), found in ribonucleic acids of animals, plants and bacteria. 5-Methylcytidine is a nucleoside found in liver emulsion that can inhibit the growth of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice. 5-Methylcytidine is one of many nucleosides that can be used as biomedical marker using liquid chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometry coupling.<br>References Kammerer, B., et al.: Anal. Biol. Chem., 382, 1017 (2005); Strong, L. and Matsunaga, H.: J. Surg. Oncol., 4, 528 (1972)<br></p>

<p>Applications Possesses antiviral activity. It is an inhibitor of leukocyte adhesion to TNF-treated endothelial cells.<br>References Jurgensen, C.H., et al.: J. Immunol., 144, 653 (1990), Flexner, C.W., et al.: Lancet, 339, 438 (1992), Reddy, M., et al.: Prot. Sci., 17 2134 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ganciclovir EP Impurity A<br>Applications 9-[[2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl]guanine (Ganciclovir EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Ganciclovir (G235000).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Dapagliflozin Impurity<br>Applications Ent-α-C Dapagliflozin is an enantiomer of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ganciclovir derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 5-Methyl Uridine. A primary degradation product of tRNA, an urinary nucleoside as biological marker for patients with colorectal cancer.<br>References Borek, E., et al.: Cancer Res., 37, 3362 (1977), Sander, G., et al.: Clin. Sci.,71, 367 (1986), Sander, G., et al.: Ann. Nutr. Metab., 30, 137 (1986), Rasmuson, T., et al.: Acta Oncol., 34, 61 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications 2-Deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-L-ribofuranosyl Chloride (cas# 141846-57-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemcitabine intermediate.<br>References Balzarini, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 1988, 37, 2847 (1988), Hertel, L., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Marquez, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 978 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibitor of enzyme. It is used for Phosphodiesterase Substrate.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Preuss, C.V., Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1661 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity B<br>Applications 2’-Epi-Lamivudine (Lamivudine EP Impurity B) is an epimer of Lamivudine (L172500); an antiviral that inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase.<br>References Lin, T. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 1757 (1996); Schinazi, R.F. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,36, 672 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Penciclovir Impurity F<br>Applications 6-Chloro Desacetyl Famciclovir is a prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500); an antiviral.<br>References Weinberg, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2037 (1992); McMeekin, J.R., et al.: Anal. Proc., 29, 178 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications Folic acid dihydrate<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5,6-Triamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone Sulfate is used in the preparation of guanines and other purine derivatives with antiviral activities.<br>References Hemmati, S. et al.: Int. J. Chem. Sci., 2, 9 (2004); Chetsanga, C.J. et al.: Chem.-Biol. inter., 58, 117 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity from the synthesis of Gemcitabine.<br>References Haufman, et al.: Science, 145, 585 (1964), Prusoff, et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 32, 295 (1959)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(3-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is an impurity of Zidovudine (A825000). Zidovudine is an antiviral agent used in the clinical treatment of HIV infections.<br>References Radatus, B.K., Org. Process. Res. Dev., 15, 1281 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate used in the preparation of Zanamivir derivatives.<br>References Andrews, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, 563 (1999), Altamore, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 1126 (2006),<br></p>

<p>3',5'-Di-O-p-chlorobenzoyl-2-deoxy-5-azacytosine is a drug product that is an impurity in the synthesis of 5'-azacytosine. The chemical name for 3',5'-Di-O-p-chlorobenzoyl-2-deoxy-5-azacytosine is 3,3'-di(O,O'-dichlorobenzyl)-2,5'-dideoxycytidine. It has a molecular weight of 302.7 g/mol and a melting point of 130°C. This chemical compound has been shown to be metabolized by human liver microsomes to a number of metabolites, including 2-, 3-, and 4-(hydroxymethyl)uracil and 4-(aminomethyl)uracil. 3',5'-Di-O-p-chlorobenzoyl -2 deoxy</p>

<p>Sofosbuvir impurity 3 is a research and development, impurity standard, custom synthesis, drug product, synthetic, high purity, pharmacopoeia, drug development and analytical. Sofosbuvir impurity 3 is a metabolite of sofosbuvir which has been studied in metabolism studies using HPLC. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the growth of some bacteria.</p>

<p>Remsesivir related compound 11 is a research and development chemical that is used as an analytical, drug development, or impurity standard. It is a high purity, pure substance that can be custom synthesized or natural. Remsesivir related compound 11 has been shown to be metabolized by cytochrome p450 enzymes and glutathione reductase and has shown pharmacopoeia activities. Remsesivir related compound 11 can also be used as a HPLC standard for the detection of metabolites in pharmaceutical products.</p>

<p>Enantiomer of Lamivudine</p>

<p>Decitabine related compound A is an impurity that is found in the API, decitabine. It is an analytical standard for HPLC measurements and a reference material for impurity testing. It is also used as a pharmacopoeia standard for pharmacopoeias such as European Pharmacopoeia, USP, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Decitabine related compound A has been synthesized from natural sources such as plant-derived alkaloids and synthetically produced in the laboratory. CAS No. 1019659-87-0</p>

<p>Aciclovir EP impurity J is a drug product that is used as an analytical standard in HPLC. Aciclovir EP impurity J is the natural metabolite of aciclovir, which is an antiviral drug. It is not active against herpesviruses but has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cells infected with cytomegalovirus. Aciclovir EP impurity J has been studied for its effects on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Aciclovir EP impurity J has been shown to be excreted primarily in urine, with some excretion in the feces.</p>

<p>Valacyclovir Related Compound D is a synthetic metabolite of Valacyclovir. It is the primary metabolite of Valacyclovir, which has been shown to inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA polymerase. Valacyclovir Related Compound D is an impurity standard for valacyclovir and can be synthesized in quantities as per customer requirement.</p>

<p>Pyrrolo[1,2-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine is a small molecule that inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells as well as other tumor cells. It inhibits the replication of viruses in vitro and has been shown to inhibit the growth of viruses in cell culture. This compound also binds to phosphonates and can be used as an inhibitor in assays to measure phosphonate activity. Pyrrolo[1,2-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine has also been shown to have inhibitory properties against cancer cells in vivo and can be used to treat cancer. In addition, this compound reacts with hydroxyl groups by epimerization reactions and benzyl groups by substitution reactions.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin Impurity 17 is a research and development impurity standard for HPLC. It is a natural product and is registered under CAS No. 1807632-93-4. Dapagliflozin Impurity 17 is a metabolite of dapagliflozin, an oral anti-diabetic drug that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This impurity standard has been synthesized as a research tool for the study of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, as well as analytical methods validation.</p>

<p>1-C-4-Chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-D-glucopyranose is a natural product. It is an API impurity that has been synthesized by the custom synthesis process. 1-C-4-Chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-D-glucopyranose has been shown to have pharmacological activity in research and development studies and as a potential drug product.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 1 is a drug product, analytical and Metabolism studies. It is a custom synthesis, Impurity standard, Synthetic and Drug development. Remdesivir impurity 1 is an API impurity that is a natural and has CAS No. 1355049-95-4. The HPLC standard of Remdesivir impurity 1 is high purity and pharmacopoeia.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-5,6-didehydro-2',2'-difluoro-6-hydroxyuridine is an analytical standard that is used in research and development of drugs. This compound has been designated as an impurity in a drug product. It has also been used as a reference standard for HPLC analysis. 2'-Deoxy-5,6-didehydro-2',2'-difluoro-6-hydroxyuridine is a metabolite of the drug product. This compound is not found in nature and has been synthesized artificially.</p>

<p>Valaciclovir Related Compound E is a white crystalline powder that has an appearance similar to acyclovir, with a melting point of 164-167°C. It is soluble in water and methanol. The compound is used as a medicament and also acts as an intermediate for the synthesis of other pharmaceutical products. Valaciclovir Related Compound E can be synthesized from valaciclovir by reacting it with ethyl chloroformate, followed by recrystallization from pyridine and chloroform. This process produces the desired product in high purity under good yield. Valaciclovir Related Compound E is a white crystalline powder that has an appearance similar to acyclovir, with a melting point of 164-167°C. It is soluble in water and methanol. The compound is used as a medicament and also acts as an intermediate for the synthesis of other pharmaceutical products. Valac</p>

<p>4-Amino-1-[3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranosyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one (4AAT) is an analytical chemical that is used for research and development purposes. 4AAT is a metabolite of the antibiotic ampicillin and has been identified as an impurity in the drug product. It can be synthesized from 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)benzaldehyde, 3,5'-di-O-(4'-chlorobenzoyl)-2',3'-dideoxyribose and sodium azide in a two step process with 98% purity. 4AATs are also found to be present in natural products such as honey or sugar cane juice.</p>

<p>Lamivudine acid is a synthetic orotate prodrug that is converted to the active form, lamivudine. It inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme and has been used as a treatment for HIV infection. Lamivudine acid is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and cyclohexane. The crystal structure of this compound has been determined using X-ray crystallography and exhibits a zwitterion structure with a hydrogen bond between the carboxylate group and the amide nitrogen atom of the molecule.</p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 5 is a plant extract that inhibits the growth of wheat. Remdesivir related compound 5 contains allelopathy, which is the ability to inhibit the growth of other plants by releasing substances from its roots or leaves. A study was conducted in which wheat seeds were treated with extracts of this plant and it was found that there was a significant decrease in the growth of the plants. This may be due to the inhibition of protein synthesis and cell division, as shown in other studies.</p>

<p>Pteroic acid is a naturally occurring substance found in plants and animals. It has inhibitory activities against enzymes such as butyrate kinase, acetyl-CoA synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Pteroic acid is used to synthesize quinoxalines, which are used for the treatment of cancer. Pteroic acid also inhibits cell growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. This is done by conjugating with amino acids and inhibiting their uptake into the ribosome. The inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase may be due to its ability to reduce levels of glutathione, which is an inhibitor of this enzyme.</p>

<p>Entecavir (1R,3R,4S) diastereomer is a synthetic compound and is an analytical standard for HPLC. This product is an impurity of the drug Entecavir. The impurity is characterized by a retention time of 17.8 minutes on HPLC and has been shown to be metabolized in vitro to 8-hydroxy-entecavir. The purity of this product is 98% with a CAS number of 1367369-78-5.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 3 HCl is a drug product that is a metabolite of Remdesivir. It has been shown to be a natural, synthetic and research and development impurity standard for HPLC analysis. CAS No.: 2096981-79-0</p>

<p>Sofosbuvir impurity 6 is an impurity in the drug Sofosbuvir. It is a metabolite that is a by-product of the synthesis process of Sofosbuvir, which is used to treat chronic hepatitis C infection. The purity of this compound has been tested with HPLC and found to be 99.99% pure. This compound can also be synthesized from natural or synthetic sources.</p>

<p>1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (1DXP) is a nucleoside that inhibits the enzyme UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase. This enzyme is involved in the synthesis of uridine nucleotides, which are required for RNA and DNA synthesis. 1DXP has been shown to be effective against hepatitis B virus and lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. The mechanism of action of 1DXP is not well understood, but it may be related to the inhibition of protein synthesis or cellular metabolism. It may also inhibit the enzyme amino transferase, which is important for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine.</p>

<p>Intermediate in the synthesis of ribavirin</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin impurity 2 is an impurity of dapagliflozin. It has been shown to be metabolized by erythrocytes and to be excreted in urine. Dapagliflozin impurity 2 has been identified in the USP Reference Standard for Dapagliflozin Impurity 2 (1830346-16-1). This material is available for custom synthesis, research, and development.</p>

<p>Sofosbuvir impurity 2 is a synthetic compound that is used as an impurity standard for the HPLC assay of sofosbuvir. It is a white to off-white crystalline solid at room temperature.</p>

<p>2-Hydroxy-2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl entecavir is a drug product that is an impurity standard for 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrofuranilide. It is used as a synthetic intermediate in the manufacture of entecavir, which is an antiviral agent used to treat hepatitis B virus infection. 2H2TFE has been shown to be metabolized by CYP450 enzymes and may have niche therapeutic uses. It also has a high purity level and can be used as a analytical reference material or API impurity. CAS No. 1984788-96-6</p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 7 is a drug product that is being synthesized for use in research and development. The synthesis of this compound will be carried out with an analytical purity of greater than 98%. This custom synthesis is not a natural product and has been designed for use in pharmacopoeia. Remdesivir related compound 7 metabolizes to form metabolites that are impurities. It is an API impurity that can be used as a synthetic standard or impurity standard for HPLC testing.</p>

<p>Empagliflozin tetraacetate is a drug product that has been manufactured by chemical synthesis. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 597.7 and a purity of 98.2%. Empagliflozin tetraacetate has been formulated as the hydrochloride salt, which is soluble in water and alcohols. The USP/BP/EP specifications for this drug are 5% impurity standard, analytical, API impurity, Synthetic, Metabolism studies, niche, High purity&gt;. This drug product can be used in research and development as well as for manufacturing pharmaceutical products. It is not intended for use in humans or animals.</p>

<p>2'-Epi-lamivudine is a chiral, racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of lamivudine. The synthesis and purification of 2'-epi-lamivudine is achieved by using a chiralpak column to separate the optical isomers from each other and then an immunoaffinity column to remove the undesired enantiomer (the S-enantiomer). The final product is a mixture of both enantiomers in a 1:1 ratio, which has been shown to have antiviral activity against HIV.<br>2'-Epi-lamivudine has been shown to be more potent than its parent compound lamivudine and is less toxic. This antiviral agent inhibits HIV replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme that synthesizes viral DNA from viral RNA. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that may be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>5'-O-Acetyl ribavirin is an impurity of ribavirin, a drug product that belongs to the group of antiviral drugs. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and influenza. 5'-O-Acetyl ribavirin is found in natural products such as plants, honey, and wine. The CAS number for this impurity is 58151-87-4. This compound can be synthesized through custom synthesis or by using a high purity HPLC standard as an impurity standard.</p>

<p>Methyl 1-C-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is an impurity of Dapagliflozin.</p>

<p>Capecitabine is a prodrug that is converted to 5-fluorouracil in the body. It has been used for many years in the treatment of breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Capecitabine 2',3'-cyclic carbonate is an analytical standard, research and development tool, high purity drug product, and impurity standard for HPLC analysis. This compound is also used as a pharmacopoeia reference material for quality control testing. Capecitabine 2',3'-cyclic carbonate can be custom synthesized or purified from natural or synthetic sources.</p>

<p>3'-[3-(3-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-b-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6-dihydro-5-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-3'-deoxythymidine is an analytical standard used in the R&amp;D and drug development of 3'-azido derivatives of thymidine. It is a synthetic intermediate that has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) replication and to inhibit intracellular HIV type 2 (HIV2) production in cultured cells. 3'-[3-(3-Azido-2,3,-dideoxy--b erythro--pentofuranosyl)-3,6--dihydro--5--methyl--2,6--dioxo--1(2H)--pyrimidinyl]-</p>

<p>cis 5-Fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is a drug product that has been custom synthesized for use as an analytical reference material and an impurity standard. It is a synthetic compound and has not been approved for any medicinal purposes. The pharmacopoeia it falls under is the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). cis 5-Fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is used to determine the purity of active pharmaceutical ingredients in finished drug products. It can also be used as a research and development tool to study metabolism studies of natural compounds.</p>

<p>3'-Deoxy-3'-chlorothymidine is an antiviral compound that is synthesized by the on-line coupling of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride with 3,4-dideoxycytidine. This process is performed using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method. The product is purified using a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method which maximizes its purity and minimizes the presence of impurities. The sensitivity of this analytical method is determined by the organic solvent used (acetonitrile) and the type of chromatographic column material (reverse phase).</p>

<p>CAS No. 2096985-18-9 is an impurity of remdesivir, a drug product that is being developed for the treatment of HIV. The purity of this compound is high and it has been shown to be a metabolite in animal studies. Remdesivir impurity 11 has also been shown to have the same pharmacological activities as remdesivir. This compound may be used as an analytical standard or as a research and development tool.</p>

<p>Levovirin is an antiviral agent that belongs to the class of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. It is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication and has been shown to be active against HIV in vitro. Levovirin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the NS3 protease, which is responsible for processing viral proteins. This inhibition prevents the production of new virus particles and the spread of infection. Levovirin also has immunomodulatory effects, which may provide therapeutic benefits in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.</p>

<p>Acyclovir Impurity O is an impurity found in the drug Acyclovir. It has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which are necessary for cell division. The impurity has been detected in high purity HPLC standards and is used as a reference material for analytical purposes.<br>Acyclovir Impurity O can be synthesized either naturally or synthetically. It is an impurity that is regulated by the USP, BP, and EP pharmacopeias.</p>

<p>L-Valine 2-hydroxyethyl ester tosylate (L-V2HT) is a drug product that is synthesized by custom synthesis. It has high purity, analytical, and natural properties. L-V2HT is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. The active form of L-V2HT is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. L-V2HT also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX-1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell</p>

<p>Acyclovir EP Impurity Q is a drug product that is used as the impurity standard for Acyclovir EP. It is a natural metabolite of acyclovir and may be found in the urine of patients taking this drug. Acyclovir EP Impurity Q has shown to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. The structure of this compound has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.</p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 9 is a drug product that is an analytical standard. It is a natural API impurity, which has been synthesized for use as an impurity standard. This compound has been custom synthesized to be used as a research and development chemical. CAS No. 1439900-56-7 is the number of this synthetic drug product. It can be used in HPLC standards and it meets pharmacopoeia requirements for purity. The niche market for this compound is high purity analytical standards, including HPLC standards.</p>

<p>Ribavirin is an antiviral drug that inhibits the synthesis of RNA and DNA. It is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B, and influenza A. Ribavirin is a nucleoside analog that acts as an antimetabolite by inhibiting acid synthesis in the host cell and therefore blocking viral replication. Ribavirin has been shown to inhibit dna viruses like herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, as well as RNA viruses like influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus. Ribavirin also binds to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, which is necessary for the production of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides during DNA synthesis, thereby interfering with DNA replication.</p>

<p>Remdesivir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the viral enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Remdesivir is administered in combination with other antiviral drugs to treat HIV-1 infection. The analytical impurity 4 is a metabolite of remdesivir and has been identified as a potential impurity in the drug product. CAS No. 2096985-18-9 is the molecular weight of this impurity. This impurity can be found in the pharmacopoeia, custom synthesis, natural, or synthetic form.</p>

<p>1-(2-Deoxy-a-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-azacytosine is a DNA methylation inhibitor that is used to treat cancer. It inhibits the expression of genes by inhibiting the enzyme DNA methyltransferase, which is involved in regulating gene expression. 1-(2-Deoxy-a-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-azacytosine has been shown to be effective against squamous cell carcinoma cells and has significant cytotoxicity against these cancer cells. This drug also inhibits the growth of pluripotent cells, which are cells that can differentiate into any type of cell in the body.</p>

<p>1'-Epi-Gemcitabine 3',5'-dibenzoate is an analytical standard that is used in the drug development process. It is also a high purity, API impurity, HPLC standard, and drug product. 1'-Epi-Gemcitabine 3',5'-dibenzoate is an impurity of Gemcitabine, which is an anticancer drug. The impurity can be found in the methanolic fraction of the extract and it's an epimer of Gemcitabine. The pharmacopoeia for this compound are USP and EP. Custom synthesis and natural or synthetic are possible for this compound.</p>

<p>Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an analog of the natural nucleoside cytidine. It is a chemotherapeutic drug that is used in the treatment of pancreatic, lung and breast cancer. Gemcitabine hydrochloride is metabolized to its active form by deamination of cytosine residues in DNA. This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme cytidine deaminase. Gemcitabine hydrochloride has been shown to be effective against metastatic pancreatic cancer and advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer, as well as early-stage breast cancer. Gemcitabine hydrochloride has also been shown to be effective against certain types of lymphoma and leukemia.</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-5-O-toluoyl-D-ribofuranose is an analytical standard for the determination of purity in drug products. It is also used as a reference compound for HPLC and as a metabolite to study metabolism. This impurity can be synthesized from D-ribose and 2(3,4,5)-O-benzylidenebutyraldehyde.</p>

<p>This compound is a research and development impurity standard with a custom synthesis. It is synthesized in the lab using high purity methods to produce an API impurity for drug product. The compound is available in high purity, pharmacopoeia, and analytical grade. This compound is used as an analytical reference standard. Metabolites of this compound have been studied to determine its metabolism pathway.</p>

<p>Entecavir is a drug product that is custom synthesized to order. It has a purity of &gt;98% and is made up of the 1S,3S,4S diastereomer. Entecavir is an antiviral drug that belongs to the nucleoside analog family and inhibits viral replication by inhibiting DNA polymerase α. The metabolism studies for entecavir have been completed and it was found that entecavir undergoes hydrolysis by esterases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Entecavir also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX-1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell growth in culture.</p>

<p>CAS No.: 159970-52-6<br>Remdesivir impurity 9 is a synthetic, natural and drug development impurity standard. It has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the ICH Q3C(R4) guidelines for impurities in new drug substances (NDS). Remdesivir impurity 9 can be used as an analytical reference material for HPLC methods for purity assessment.<br>This product is available for custom synthesis and research and development purposes.</p>

<p>Acyclovir Impurity K is a drug product that is used as an analytical reference standard for metabolism studies. Acyclovir Impurity K is a natural product and an impurity of acyclovir, which has CAS No. 1797131-64-6. The chemical name of this drug is 3-hydroxy-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-[1]benzopyran-2,4(3H)-dione. It can be synthesized in the laboratory by custom synthesis or it can be obtained from a commercial supplier as an impurity standard. This product is used to help with drug development and research and development in the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be used as a high purity HPLC standard for pharmacopoeia testing purposes.</p>

<p>1-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid (1bRT) is an amide that inhibits the growth of viruses by inhibiting the viral enzyme thiosemicarbazide. It has been shown to be active against specific viruses such as HIV and retroviruses. 1bRT is used to treat lung diseases caused by viruses, including bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis. It also has antibacterial properties. Studies have shown that 1bRT reduces the number of bacteria in body fluids and helps to prevent respiratory infections and other bacterial infections in people with weakened immune systems due to AIDS or cancer treatment.</p>

<p>Triphenylmethanol (TPM) is an inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. It is synthesized by reacting p-hydroxybenzoic acid with a hydroxyl group in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and potassium carbonate. The reaction solution was then analyzed by x-ray crystallography, revealing the molecular structure of TPM. TPM binds to the metal ion in a hydroxyl group, preventing alcohol dehydrogenase from oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. This mechanism also explains why TPM inhibits other enzymes that use this same metal ion cofactor such as carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase P, which are involved in protein synthesis and degradation.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity</p>

<p>Acyclovir EP impurity R is a by-product of acyclovir, which has been shown to be stable in acidic and alkaline conditions. It is also linear with high reproducibility and low detection limits. Acyclovir EP impurity R can be detected using a validated RP-HPLC method with an acidified mobile phase. The compound is not photolyzed under the conditions of the assay. This impurity has been detected in batches of acyclovir that have been produced on two different production lines for more than 5 years without any changes in quality or yield.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 5 is a metabolite that is generated in the body following metabolism and excretion of remdesivir. It has been shown to be present in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid following administration of remdesivir. Remdesivir impurity 5 binds to the active site of HIV reverse transcriptase with a Kd value of 0.5 nM. The chemical name for this compound is (5R)-3-[[3-[(2S,4R)-2-amino-4-(2-methylpropyl)piperidin-1-yl]-1H-indol-6-yl]carbonyl]benzoic acid methyl ester.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 8 is a metabolite of remdesivir, a drug product that belongs to the class of synthetic compounds. Remdesivir impurity 8 has been used as a research and development standard for HPLC analysis. It is also used as an impurity standard in pharmacopoeia and drug development. This impurity has shown natural activity in metabolism studies, but it is not known if this activity is due to the compound itself or an artifact from its synthesis.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 14 is a research and development product that belongs to the class of drugs. It is a synthetic metabolite with high purity. Remdesivir impurity 14 meets the pharmacopoeia standard for drug products and drug development. It has been synthesized to be used as an analytical standard for HPLC analysis of remdesivir. This product also has niche applications in metabolism studies, because it is a natural metabolite with its own metabolic pathway.</p>

<p>Lamivudine epimer</p>

<p>1-[2,3-O-Isopropylidene-b-D-ribofuranosyl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester is a synthetic compound that has been shown to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture. The metabolite is used as an impurity standard for HPLC analysis of this active compound. It has not yet been approved for use as a drug product.</p>

<p>Diapocynin (Dehydrodiacetovanillone), a dimer of Apocynin, acts as an orally administered inhibitor of NADPH oxidase.</p>

<p>R306465, a potent HDAC1/8 inhibitor, has broad antitumor effects (IC50: 30-300 nM) on solid and blood cancers.</p>

<p>CNV-2197944 is a novel, small molecule, state-dependent calcium channel blocker, designed to selectively inhibit highly active Cav2.2 channels.</p>

<p>(S)-AMPA is an active isomer of AMPA and a selective agonist of AMPA.</p>

<p>Apadenoson: potent A2 agonist, A3 inhibitor (IC 45 nM), anti-inflammatory, for neurological research.</p>

<p>S07-2010 is a pan-Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) inhibitor with potential anti-cancer activity, inducing apoptosis in A549/DDP cells.</p>

<p>Sarcolysine hydrochloride, also known as Melphalan HCl, is a nitrogen mustard and alkylating agent that has been studied for use in multiple myeloma therapy.</p>

<p>LY450108 is a potentiator of the AMPA receptor that can be used in Parkinson's disease studies.</p>

<p>Creatine monohydrate powers ATP for short, high-intensity activities in muscles and brain.</p>