Nucleosides and Nucleotides

<p>Pteroic acid is a synthetic compound that is an analog of the natural amino acid phenylalanine. It has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis and may be useful for the treatment of cancer. Pteroic acid can be activated by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid and reacts with metal ions such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and zinc. It also binds to receptors on tubule cells in kidney tissue. This binding inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II, which catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in these cells. The inhibition of this enzyme results in a decrease in bicarbonate concentration within these cells, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 13 is a metabolite of remdesivir, which is a drug product that is custom synthesized by us. This compound has been shown to be natural and can be found in the human body. Remdesivir impurity 13 has been studied extensively for its metabolic pathway and as a potential impurity standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>Intermediate in the synthesis of ribavirin</p>

<p>Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D-ribofuranoside is a research and development impurity standard for the synthesis of drug products. This chemical is used as a metabolite in the study of metabolic pathways and can be converted to Methyl 3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D-ribofuranoside by hydrolysis with dilute acid. Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D ribofuranoside has been shown to be a synthetic molecule and is listed in pharmacopoeia. CAS No. 7818564 5.</p>

<p>Decitabine is a drug product that is used as an anti-cancer drug. It is a synthetic, natural, and research and development (R&amp;D) metabolite with the CAS No. 909402-26-2. Decitabine has shown anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo against leukemia cells. This compound is an impurity of the API decitabine that is manufactured by a chemical synthesis process. The analytical impurities are 11 compounds that have been identified from the HPLC standard of this API. The metabolites of these compounds are also included in this standard. High purity decitabine should be obtained for pharmacopoeia studies and niche applications such as HPLC standards, pharmaceuticals, or research purposes.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 2 is an analytical standard used in the development of drugs. It is a metabolite found in the drug Remdesivir. It is a natural product that can be synthesized or isolated from natural sources. Remdesivir impurity 2 is soluble in water and acetonitrile, and it has a melting point of 80-81 degrees Celsius. It has a molecular weight of 208.3 g/mol and CAS number 249712-00-1. This compound is not listed on the current edition of the USP Pharmacopoeia.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-monophosphate (CDFMP) is a potent antitumor agent that has been shown to have a strong anti-angiogenic effect. It inhibits the cancer cell's production of microvessels and interferes with the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, which can be used to deliver chemotherapy drugs to the tumor. CDFMP is synthesized by reacting 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine with phosphoric acid and then converting it into the monophosphate form using phosphorus oxychloride. This drug is also resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy agents, making it a promising drug for patients who are resistant to other treatments.</p>

<p>1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea picrate is also known as 1-(diaminomethylene)-3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)urea picrate, 1-amidino-3-b-D-ribofuranosylurea monopicrate and Azacitidine Related Compound C. 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea picrate is an impurity generated from the hydrolysis of the drug Azacitidine, available on the market with the trade name Vidaza. Azacitidine is a chemical analogue of cytidine and is used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin Impurity 4 is a research and development impurity standard for the drug Dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin Impurity 4 is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 646.5 and an empirical formula of C20H22N2O2. It is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile. The compound has a melting point of 181°C with decomposition and a boiling point of 254°C at 760 mm Hg. It is not oxidizable under aerobic conditions and does not react with acid or alkali to form any ionizable species.</p>

<p>Isoribavirin is a ribonucleoside monophosphate analog that inhibits viral RNA polymerase. Isoribavirin has been shown to be active against influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in cell culture. Isoribavirin is stable in an acetonitrile solution in the presence of phosphoric acid at pH 3-4 or in the presence of sulfate ions at pH 9-10. It can be purified by chromatography on a silica gel column using an acetonitrile/water mobile phase gradient. The impurities of isoribavirin are not detectable by liquid chromatography and have no significant effect on its sensitivity. Isoribavirin elutes from the silica gel column with the impurities.</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone is a synthetic building block which can undergo reaction with nucleophilic carbon species to afford C-ribosides (via the corresponding hemiacetal).  Treatment of 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone with stronger reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride, affords ring opened products with a stereo-defined poly-oxygenated carbon chain backbone.</p>

<p>Methyl 2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-toluoyl-D-ribopyranoside is a synthetic impurity standard for the drug product. It has been used in studies on metabolism and as an analytical reference material. Methyl 2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-toluoyl-D-ribopyranoside is also available as a custom synthesis at high purity.</p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 12 is a synthetic drug product. It is an impurity standard used for the production of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, remdesivir. The substance is a custom synthesis and can be synthesized to meet customer specifications. Remdesivir related compound 12 has been studied in animal models for metabolism studies and human pharmacokinetic studies. This substance is also used for research and development, as well as niche drug development.</p>

<p>3,5-Di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-ribofuranosyl isocyanate (CAS No. 53477) is a drug product that belongs to the class of drugs called nucleosides. 3,5-Di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-ribofuranosyl isocyanate has been shown to be metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. This product has been shown to have antiplasmodial activity and may be useful in the treatment of malaria.</p>

<p>Remdesivir is an antiviral drug. It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor that has been shown to be effective against a broad range of RNA viruses, including influenza A and B, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus. Remdesivir impurity 7 (impurity) is a byproduct of the synthesis process of remdesivir. It is a white crystalline solid with a strong chemical odor. This impurity can be synthesized in high purity as well as in custom specifications to meet the needs of pharmaceutical companies developing new drugs.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 6 is an impurity standard for a research and development drug product. It is a synthetic compound that has been custom synthesized for use in pharmacopoeia drug products. The purity of this compound is high and it has been shown to have no toxic effects on metabolism studies. Remdesivir impurity 6 is a metabolite of remdesivir, which is used as an antiviral agent for the treatment of HIV infection.</p>

<p>4-Dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir is an impurity standard for the drug product Entecavir. It is a synthetic drug that inhibits the production of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by binding to reverse transcriptase and blocking its activity. The metabolite of 4-dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir, entecavir, is also used as a treatment for HIV. Synthetic 4-dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir is used in clinical trials as a drug product and metabolite of entecavir to measure the concentration of the active ingredient in plasma and other body fluids. 4DDSILENT has been shown to have antiviral properties against HIV due to its ability to inhibit transcriptional activation by binding to reverse transcriptase, which prevents RNA from being synthesized into DNA.</p>

<p>Adefovir Dipivoxyl Impurity I is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 232–234 °C. It is soluble in water, and insoluble in organic solvents. Adefovir Dipivoxyl Impurity I is used as an impurity standard for Adefovir Dipivoxyl and has been shown to be metabolized by CYP3A4 and UGT1A9. This impurity also has the potential to inhibit DNA synthesis in cells.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity</p>

<p>Decitabine is a drug product that is being developed for the treatment of cancer. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells in vitro and to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Decitabine is metabolized to an active form, dideoxycitidine (DDC), which binds to DNA and inhibits the enzyme DNA polymerase alpha, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. Impurity 13 is a by-product of the synthesis process and can be used as an analytical standard. It can also be used as a research and development impurity standard or as a pharmacopoeia impurity standard.</p>

<p>Remdesivir Related Compound 4 is a synthetic compound that is structurally related to remdesivir. It has been shown to have anti-HIV activity in vitro. Remdesivir Related Compound 4 may be used as an impurity standard for HPLC, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other drugs.</p>

<p>Decitabine Impurity 12 is an analytical standard that is used in the research and development of drug products. It is a high purity, HPLC-grade impurity that complies with USP/NF requirements. Decitabine Impurity 12 has been shown to be a metabolite of decitabine, which is an anti-cancer drug used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This impurity has also been shown to have pharmacopoeia value as an impurity standard for drug products.</p>

<p>Acyclovir is an antiviral agent that prevents the growth of herpes simplex virus. Acyclovir is a prodrug, which is converted to acycloguanosine 5'-triphosphate (ACV-TP) in vivo. ACV-TP inhibits viral DNA polymerase and thereby prevents viral genome replication, replication. The molecular structure of Acyclovir was determined by X-ray crystallography at 3.2 Å resolution. It has been shown that ACV-TP can be activated by chloride ions and it has been suggested that this activation may be the result of an interaction with a ligand.<br>ACV-TP binds to guanine residues in the DNA chain and prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds between guanine and adenine or cytosine residues in the same chain, preventing DNA replication.</p>

<p>Intermediate in the synthesis of ribavirin</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-7-[[2-(acetyloxy)ethoxy]methyl]-6,7-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one is a drug development impurity that is manufactured by the pharmaceutical company. This impurity has been shown to be a metabolite of the drug.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin Impurity 30 is a natural impurity found in the drug Dapagliflozin. It is an analytical standard used for HPLC quantification of dapagliflozin, and it can be used as a pharmacopoeia reference material or research and development material. Dapagliflozin Impurity 30 is synthesized by using a custom synthesis protocol. The CAS number for this compound is 1373321-04-0.</p>

<p>This protein is a serine beta-lactamase with a substrate specificity for cephalosporins.</p>

<p>Beta-lactamase Protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Recombinant (His &amp; SUMO) is expressed in E.</p>

<p>Applications 2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-6-chloropurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside is a nucleoside compound with inhibitory activity on a rho-GTPase cell protein.<br>References Mounetou., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 2902 (1997), Panero, J., et al.: Biotech. Lett., 28, 1077 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Diethylamine, can be used for the preparation of alkali metal diethylamides, generated with n-BuLi or NaH, have been used for the cleavage of ethers. Also, in combination with Lithium aluminum hydride, generates lithium tris(diethylamino)aluminum hydride, which is a useful selective reducing agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cha, J.S., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 52, 5030 (1987); Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 6903 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Stavudine Triphosphate Trisodium Salt has a free acid of Stavudine Triphosphate. Stavudine Triphosphate inhibits HIV-1 RT (reverse transcriptase). Stavudine Triphosphate Trisodium Salt is a metabolite of Stavudine.<br>References Vaccaro, J.A., Parnell K.M., Terezakis S.A., Anderson, K.S.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 44, 217 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP)<br>Applications Capecitabine (C175650) impurity. Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP).<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of 3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione, a new pyrimidine nucleoside analog related to uridine.<br>References Chwang, T.-L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 643 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lamivudine intermediate.<br>References Chang, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 13938 (1992), Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993).<br></p>

<p>Bucladesine mimics cAMP, permeates cells, and inhibits phosphodiesterase; used in research.</p>

<p>2,3'-Anhydrothymidine is a piperidine-containing nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of HIV and other viruses. It is structurally related to acyclovir, but has an increased resistance to viral inactivation by acyclovir-resistant strains. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine binds to the ribose sugar of the viral nucleic acid and prevents the formation of a covalent bond between the 5' hydroxyl group of ribose and the 3' phosphate group. It also inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine has been shown to be effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in animal models and clinical studies.</p>

<p>Diquafosol Free Base is a purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist.</p>

<p>Applications A 2-substituted 2’-Deoxyadenosine (D231620). Used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides.<br>References Ishikawa, F., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 70, 475 (1972), Hattori, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 13, 2754 (1974), Kazimierczuk, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 1683 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valganociclovir EP Impurity J<br>Applications Ganciclovir Mono-O-propionate is a potential prodrug of Ganciclovir (G235000). Ganciclovir Mono-O-propionate was also found to exhibit anti-viral activity through experimental studies.<br>References Dias, C.S., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 91, 660 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sofosbuvir (R)-Phosphate is an impurity of PSI-7977 (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase.<br>References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of 5-Azacytidine. This compound contains sodium chloride and water.<br>References Lee, T., et al.: Cancer Res., 34, 2482 ( (1974), Drake, J.C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 29, 807 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Emtricitabine Impurity 14<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Emtricitabine (E525000). A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500). Emtricitabine Impurity 14.<br>References Schinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glucono-1,5-lactone is the lactone derivative of L-gluconic acid.<br>References Fuhrhop, J. H., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 7437 (1991); Szarek, W.A., et al.: Canadian. J. Chem., 62, 671 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemcitabine (G305000) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications ent-Lamivudine (Lamivudine EP Impurity D) is an enantiomer of Lamivudine (L172500); an antiviral that inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase.<br>References Pepe, G. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 31, 775 (1996); Marr, E. et al.: Antiviral Res., 28, 1 (1995); Parikh, U.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 1139 (2005);<br></p>