Monosaccharides

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-D-galactose is a disaccharide that is synthesized by the enzymatic addition of galactose to 2-azido-2-deoxyglucose. It has been shown to be antigenic in the test tube and is reactive with hydroxy groups. 2-Azido-2-deoxygalactose can be glycosylated by glycopeptides, which are glycoproteins containing one or more oligosaccharide chains covalently linked to a protein core. The hydrophilic nature of this sugar makes it an ideal candidate for conjugation with hydrophobic drugs such as antibiotics. This disaccharide was used in the synthesis of glycoconjugates, which are carbohydrate molecules attached to proteins or lipids, and can be found in bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum. 2-Azido-2-deoxygalactose</p>

<p>2,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol is a sugar alcohol that is found naturally in the human body. It can be produced from D-glucose by the enzyme aldose reductase. This reaction involves an initial dehydration of D-glucose to form 2,5-anhydro-D-glucose, followed by a nucleophilic attack on the hydroxyl group of 2,5-anhydro-D-glucose by the phosphate group of ATP to form 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and ADP. The reaction mechanism for this process has been studied using kinetic and model studies. It has also been shown that metal ions are required for cationic polymerization reactions. A solid catalyst was used in this study because it could be easily removed after completion of the reaction. The 2,5-anhydro form of D-glucitol can undergo dehydration reactions to yield</p>

<p>This is a custom synthesis of (5R, 6R, 7R, 8S) -5, 7-dihydroxy-8- (hydroxymethyl) -1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-2-one. This compound has been fluorinated and methylated and has a monosaccharide modification.</p>

<p>Phenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-3-O-(2-naphthylmethyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a fluorinated monosaccharide. It can be synthesized in a custom synthesis and is available with high purity. This product is an oligosaccharide, which has glycosylation and polysaccharide properties. Phenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-3-O-(2-naphthylmethyl)-b-D -thioglucopyranoside is also a complex carbohydrate that has been modified by methylation and acetalization.</p>

<p>1-13C-D-Rhamnose is a monosaccharide that belongs to the group of pentoses. It is an inhibitor of bacterial growth and has been shown to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa strains. The mechanism of action for 1-13C-D-Rhamnose is not yet known, but it may be due to its ability to inhibit bacterial DNA polymerase, which prevents chain reactions from occurring and leads to cell death. 1-13C-D-Rhamnose has a homologous structure to GDP-D-mannose and can interact with hydrogen bonding interactions. It is found in papillae on the tongue and inhibits taste receptor cells by binding to the sweet taste receptors on the surface of these cells. The optimal pH for 1-13C-D-Rhamnose's inhibitory properties is 5.5</p>

<p>D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium is a phosphorylated sugar derivative, which is a crucial intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway, a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. It is naturally sourced from biochemical processes within organisms where it plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism.The mode of action involves its function as a substrate in the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, where it facilitates the interconversion of sugars necessary for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis. This intermediary step is vital for the production of ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH, which are essential for anabolic reactions and antioxidant defense mechanisms.D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium is predominantly used in biochemical research to study metabolic pathways. It helps researchers investigate cellular processes, understand disease mechanisms where metabolism is disrupted, and explore metabolic engineering applications. By examining its role and transformations, scientists gain insights into energy production, redox balance, and cellular growth, providing foundational knowledge crucial for the development of therapies targeting metabolic disorders and cancer.</p>

<p>D-Mannono-1,5-lactone is a custom synthesis. It is fluorinated to give 1,5-difluoro-D-mannono-1,4,6-lactone. The methylation of the C2 hydroxyl group and the C3 keto group gives 1,5-difluoro-D-mannono-1,4,6-(methylenedioxy)lactone. Click modification of this product with azide or acetylene gives 1,5-[(azido)-(acetylenyl)] D-mannono lactone or 1,5-[(acetylene)-(azido)] D manno lactone respectively. Monosaccharides can be synthesized from these products by glycosylation with a sugar donor. Polysaccharides can be synthesized from these products by glycosylation with a sugar donor and subsequent glycosidic linkage via an olig</p>

<p>D-Galactosamine is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is found in the mammalian cell. N-Thioglycolyl-D-galactosamine is a synthetic analog of D-galactosamine that was developed to study the biosynthesis of GAGs and glycoconjugates in cells. This molecule can be activated by hematopoietic cells, which leads to an increase in o-glycosylation and galnac synthesis.</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose is the azido analogue of D-glucosamine and may be used as a metabolic chemical reporter by direct labelling of glycans. The azide group is used to link to a fluorescent marker, enabling secondary visualisation and identification of glycoproteins. The azide moiety of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose has been used to form triazoles via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in the synthesis of molecules with improved solubility used to inhibit p38a MAPK for anti-inflammation.</p>

<p>2,3-Di-O-benzyl-4-deoxy--L-fucose is a methylated derivative of the fucose monosaccharide. It is synthesized through a click reaction that involves the use of an azide group on the sugar and an alkyne group on a thiol reagent. The synthesis utilizes one step, yielding 2,3-Di-O-benzyl-4-deoxy--L-fucose in high purity with low residual starting material. The product has been modified for glycosylation and can be used in oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.</p>

<p>Di-Lex-APE-BSA is a synthetic oligosaccharide with a high purity. It is synthesized from glycosylation and has been modified by fluorination, methylation, and click chemistry. This product has CAS No. 56837-19-4 and can be custom synthesized to order.</p>

<p>Diethylgalactarate is a polymer that is solid at room temperature. It has a yield value of 10%. Diethylgalactarate is soluble in organic solvents, but insoluble in water. This polymer has been shown to have good thermal stability and microstructure when used as a monomer with other polymers. Diethylgalactarate has also been shown to have high permeability, which makes it an ideal candidate for use in drug delivery systems.</p>

<p>This is a high purity, custom synthesis of (3S,5S) -1-Nonyl-3, 4, 5- piperidinetriol. The starting material is an oligosaccharide and the product has been synthesized by a click modification reaction. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been fluorinated at the 3 position of the sugar moiety. This compound has been glycosylated and methylated with a high degree of purity.</p>

<p>D-Galacturonic acid benzyl ester is a donor of d-galacturonic acid that is used to regulate the growth of bacterial cells. It has been shown to be an acceptor for oligosaccharides, which are substrates for glycosidases. D-Galacturonic acid benzyl ester has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in animal models and may be useful in the treatment of heart diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy.</p>

<p>1,5:2,3-Dianhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-D-mannitol is a modification of an oligosaccharide that has been synthesized by the glycosylation of D-mannitol. The methylation and fluorination reactions have also been performed on this sugar. This product is high purity and is in the form of a white powder.</p>

<p>Acetaminophen D-glucuronide (APG) is a metabolite of acetaminophen. It is a major metabolite produced by the liver after acetaminophen is converted to APG by UDP-glucuronyltransferase. The biological properties of APG are similar to acetaminophen, but it has been shown that APG may have greater potency than acetaminophen in some tissues. For example, in vitro studies using hepatocyte-like cells have shown that APG has higher activity than acetaminophen on the induction of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, two enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Acetaminophen D-glucuronide can be detected in blood samples for up to 48 hours after administration of an intravenous dose of acetaminophen, which provides a more precise measurement than other methods such as plasma concentrations or urinary excretion measurements.</p>

<p>Adenophorine is a potent enzyme inhibitor that competes with the substrate to bind to the active site of β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase. It is a synthetic compound that has been synthesized by imine coupling, followed by stereoselective reduction with piperidine. Adenophorine inhibits β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase in vitro, which are enzymes involved in the breakdown of complex sugars. These enzymes are inhibited by adenophorine at concentrations well below those required for other drugs used to treat similar conditions. In addition, adenophorine has shown activity against pancreatic alpha-amylase. Adenophorine can be used to inhibit the enzyme activities in the intestine and pancreas, as well as other tissues where these enzymes are found.</p>

<p>(S)-3,5-O-Benzylidene-D-xylono-1.4-lactone is a Custom synthesis, Modification, Fluorination, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Synthetic, Click modification of the polysaccharide glucuronic acid and a carbonyl group. It is also known as 3-(2-benzyloxyethoxy)propanoic acid or 3-(2-benzyloxyethoxy)propionic acid. The CAS number for this chemical is 63912-71-0. This chemical has been used in the preparation of oligosaccharides and saccharides with glycosylations. <br>(S)-3,5-O-Benzylidene-D-xylono-1.4-lactone is an organic compound that belongs to the class of monosaccharides and polysaccharides. It has been shown</p>

<p>6-Deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose is a fluorinated sugar that has been shown to inhibit the uptake of glucose by human liver cells. This sugar binds to the enzyme activity and inhibits its activity. 6-Deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose was found to be metabolized in a dose dependent manner, with higher doses leading to increased uptake of fluorescein and decreased uptake of glucose. 6FDG is also metabolized by chemical reactions, such as oxidation or hydration, which leads to a decrease in its inhibitory effect on glucose uptake. 6FDG has been shown to bind to sequences that are involved in sugar transport and cell culture studies have shown that this sugar can induce inhibition of cell growth at high concentrations.</p>

<p>Benzyl b-D-glucopyranoside is an organic solvent that can be used in chromatography. It is a disaccharide that consists of benzyl alcohol and glucose. Benzyl b-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to have inhibitory activities against glycosidation and β-amyrin synthesis, as well as other biochemical techniques. This compound has also been shown to have carbohydrate antigen activity, which may be due to its benzyl group.</p>