Monosaccharides

<p>2’-(N-Hexadecanoylamino)-4’-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic substrate that is used in diagnostic procedures to identify the presence of lysosomal enzymes. The reaction product, resorufin, is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme hexanoyl coenzyme A reductase and can be detected by spectrophotometry. This experimentally insensitive compound has been used to measure the activity of hexanoyl coenzyme A reductase in skin fibroblasts from patients with ichthyosis vulgaris. Resorufin fluorescence is proportional to the amount of hexanoyl coenzyme A reductase present in cells.</p>

<p>Solasodine 3-glucoside is a sugar that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It has been synthetically modified by fluorination, methylation, and click chemistry. Solasodine 3-glucoside is synthesized from sucrose in a glycosylation reaction with glucuronic acid and an aminoglycoside antibiotic. The sugar analogs are then converted to the desired saccharide structure by monosaccharide synthesis or polysaccharide synthesis. This product is custom synthesized to order for customers and can be modified to suit their needs with click chemistry and other modifications.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-9-azido-9-deoxy-neuraminic acid (also known as 9AzNeu5Ac) is used as a sialic acid substitute for metabolic glycan labelling, which allows glycan-protein interactions and sialylations to be interrogated. Naturally occurring glycans can be di-sialylated by sialidase and replaced by a sialyl analogue, such as N-acetyl-9-azido-9-deoxy-neuraminic acid, using sialyltransferase. The modified glycans are then resistant to sialidase. Reduction of the azide functionality of N-acetyl-9-azido-9-deoxy-neuraminic acid affords access to an additional 9-amino sialic acid analogue which can be further elaborated to 9-amido analogues.</p>

<p>3-Deoxy-3-fluorosucrose is a noncompetitive inhibitor of leuconostoc mesenteroides glucosyltransferases. It inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site and preventing the transfer of glucose from the sugar transport to the acceptor. 3-Deoxy-3-fluorosucrose has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL1β, in vitro. This inhibition is thought to be due to its ability to inhibit sugar transport and thus prevent glycosylation reactions that are required for protein synthesis.</p>

<p>D-Glycero-D-talo-heptitol is a natural product that is found in plants and bacteria. It is an alditol, which is created by the glycosidic bond of a carbohydrate and a hydroxyl group. D-Glycero-D-talo-heptitol has shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and carbohydrate synthesis, such as fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase. This compound also inhibits the borohydride reduction of glycan precursors. This may be due to its hydrophilic interactions with water molecules and its hydrophobic interactions with other lipid molecules.</p>

<p>1,2-O-Isopropylideneglycerol is an inhibitor of glycerin and glycerol dehydrogenase. It is a colorless liquid that has been shown to have a kinetic inhibitory effect on the enzyme activities of glycerin and glycerol dehydrogenase in vitro. 1,2-O-Isopropylideneglycerol has also been shown to react with light at wavelengths of 250 nm or less. This reaction produces reactive oxygen species that may lead to the degradation of the enzyme's active site. In vivo, 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol is converted into an acidic metabolite that can accumulate in cells. This metabolite can react with other molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, which may result in structural changes and/or modification of their function.</p>

<p>2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant compound found in the human body. It is produced by the enzyme tyrosinase from L-ascorbic acid and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects on skin cells. 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid has also been shown to enhance mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the proliferation of skin cells in vitro. The compound has been tested for its ability to prevent radiation damage in mice and was found to be more effective than vitamin C at preventing cell death.<br>2OAGA can be used as a topical treatment for skin conditions, such as acne or wrinkles, by reducing inflammation and stimulating cellular growth.</p>

<p>1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-D-fructose (1,6DD) is a synthetic spermicide that prevents the fusion of the egg and sperm. It has been shown to be effective in reducing fertility in male rats. The pharmacological effects of 1,6DD are due to its benzalkonium chloride content. 1,6DD is a reactive chemical that can damage cellular membranes and lead to cell death. Benzalkonium chloride is toxic to human cells and can cause necrosis or apoptosis. The toxicity of 1,6DD on the brain has been demonstrated using human liver cells as well as human brain cells. This agent also has an effect on mineralization and causes an increase in calcium influx into cells by activating calcium channels.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-D-[2-13C]neuraminic acid is a glycan that is found in human serum. The chemical structure of N-acetyl-D-[2-13C]neuraminic acid has been analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry, showing that it contains two 13C atoms. N-acetyl--D-[2-13C]neuraminic acid is a sialic acid that is bound to a protein called surface glycoprotein. It may be involved in the transport of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) across the membrane by an ATP-dependent transport system. It also acts as an enzyme inhibitor for glycoside hydrolases, which are enzymes that break down glycans. N-acetyl--D-[2-13C]neuraminic acid has been shown to have properties similar to those of other sialic acids and can be</p>

<p>L-Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol that is found in various natural products, such as fruits and vegetables. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is an opportunistic pathogen of human and animal cells. L-Sorbitol can be used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. This compound has also been shown to prevent dehydration in bacteria by acting as an osmotic agent. The effect of L-sorbitol on the growth of bacteria depends on the pH of the environment in which it is dissolved. The optimum pH for this compound is 7.5</p>

<p>2-Aminophenyl b-D-glucuronide is a cytosolic drug that is metabolized by the liver to mandelonitrile, which is then excreted in urine. 2-Aminophenyl b-D-glucuronide has been shown to inhibit the growth of fungi in vivo and has been shown to have a reversible binding affinity for fungal cell walls. This drug also inhibits the production of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membranes, which leads to cell death.</p>

<p>Diclofenac acyl-D-glucuronide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the enzyme activity of aminotransferase. This leads to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for the inflammatory response. Diclofenac acyl-D-glucuronide has been shown to have antiulcer effects in vitro and in vivo. It also decreases the uptake of diclofenac by human tubule cells, which may be due to its reactive nature. The clinical relevance of this drug is still under investigation, but it is believed that diclofenac acyl-D-glucuronide could play a role in wastewater treatment because it can be easily extracted from water samples with analytical chemistry techniques.</p>

<p>Sedoheptulose-1,7-diphosphate is a metabolite of glucose and fructose that is synthesized by the enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. It is formed when the phosphate group of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate is transferred to another molecule in a process called phosphorylation. Sedoheptulose-1,7-diphosphate has been shown to be an important intermediate in the synthesis of fatty acids. It also activates various enzymes and has been shown to have an effect on transcriptional regulation in plants.</p>

<p>2-(D-Gluco-pentylhydroxypentyl)-4(R)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is a custom synthesis. It is used in the glycosylation of saccharides and oligosaccharides. This product can be modified with fluorination, methylation, or click modification. It is also used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>Benzoate is a carboxylic acid that is found in many fruits and vegetables. Benzoate can be metabolized by the body to form hydrogen chloride, which may cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. This chemical has been shown to have cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells in vitro. Benzoate also has an anti-inflammatory effect on insulin resistance and can be used as a topical treatment for psoriasis. The mechanism by which benzoate exerts its anticancer activity is not fully understood, but it may involve the production of reactive oxygen species or induction of apoptosis.</p>

<p>Methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranoside is a potential drug that can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is an analog of curcumin that has a nucleophilic group on its benzyl ring. This group reacts with the carbonyl carbon atom in maltase glucoamylase and triggers a Friedel-Crafts reaction that generates an isomeric product. The methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranoside molecule inhibits glycosidases by binding to the active site of these enzymes and preventing access to substrate. Methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D ribofuranoside has also been shown to have antifungal activity against Candida albicans.</p>

<p>D-[UL-¹³C6]mannose is a research chemical that is widely used in the field of carbohydrate and protein studies. It is a heavy label isotope of mannose, a monosaccharide that plays an important role in various biological processes. D-[UL-¹³C6]mannose is commonly used to study the metabolism and biosynthesis of oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and lipopolysaccharides. By incorporating this heavy label into these molecules, researchers can track their movement and interactions within cells and tissues. This research chemical is an invaluable tool for studying the complex structures and functions of carbohydrates in biological systems.</p>

<p>Cholesterol b-D-glucoside is a modified cholesterol that has been fluorinated and methylated. It is a complex carbohydrate that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. Cholesterol b-D-glucoside is soluble in water, alcohols, and ethers and is insoluble in chloroform. The CAS number for Cholesterol b-D-glucoside 7073-61-2. This product is available for custom synthesis, which means it can be made to order with the specifications you need.</p>

<p>Raloxifene 6,4'-bis-b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic molecule that has been modified and fluorinated. It is a monosaccharide with a methyl group at C6. The synthesis of this compound starts with the conversion of raloxifene to the bis-b-D-glucuronide compound in which hydroxyl groups have been esterified by an acetyl group. The modification process includes the addition of a methyl group at C6, and then it is fluorinated. This product is soluble in water and methanol, but insoluble in ether. It has CAS number 182507-20-6 and molecular weight 536. Raloxifene 6,4'-bis-b-D-glucuronide can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.</p>

<p>3-Phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid that has been shown to have inhibitory properties. It has been used as an analytical method for the diagnosis of bronchial reactivity. The high resistance of 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside to oxidation and reduction make it an interesting candidate for antiinflammatory agents. When testing the effects of this compound on human bronchial tissue, it was found that 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside inhibited allergic symptoms by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, which are released in response to allergens and other irritants in the airways. The use of this compound may be useful in the treatment of asthma patients who suffer from allergic reactions to dust, pollen, or animal dander.</p>

<p>S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside is a glycoconjugate that has been shown to inhibit β-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. It is used in the treatment of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, by inhibiting glucose uptake into cells. S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside may also have anticancer effects by inhibiting glucose transporters and caspases.</p>

<p>UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt is a drug that is used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers. It is an inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the glucuronidation of estrone and other substrates. The binding affinity of UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt can be increased by mutating the enzyme to increase its kinetic rate. This drug has been shown to inhibit estrogen production in recombinant human liver cells as well as in human liver cells. Mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme have also been associated with variations in estrogen levels, specifically high rates.</p>

<p>Digalactosyl diglyceride is a lipid that is found in the wax of plants. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Digalactosyl diglyceride binds to nuclear DNA and inhibits fatty acid synthesis, which leads to membrane destabilization.</p>

<p>Intermediate for β-glucosides; potential PET surface modification reagent</p>

<p>Applications Benzyl α-D-Mannopyranoside (cas# 15548-45-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Rutschow, S., et al.: Bioorg., Med. Chem., 10, 4043 (2002), Duvet, S., et al.: Glycobiol., 14, 841 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of novel bis(D-mannose) compounds.<br>References Holman, G.D., et al.: Carbohydrate Res., 135, 337 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6-Deoxy-D-talose is an derivative of D-Talose (T005560), a monosaccharide sugar that can convert between aldose and ketose forms in pyridine in the presence of aluminum oxide.<br>References Davies, S.G., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 3, 348 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful substrate for the rapid colorimetric assay of N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in human urine.<br>References Muruhn, D.: Clin. Chim. Acta, 73, 453 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Derivative of Neuraminic Acid<br>References Oetke, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 6688 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Phenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar that has been modified with Click modification, fluorination and glycosylation. It is a synthetic compound in the form of an oligosaccharide and monosaccharide. Phenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-thioglucopyranoside has CAS No. 97974-20-4 and can be found under Modification.</p>

<p>Methyl 4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-2-thio-N-acetyl-a-D-neuraminic acid methyl ester is a fluorescent analog of sialic acid. It is a water soluble compound that can be used in the modification of proteins and glycoproteins. This product is synthesized by methylation and fluorination of the C4 hydroxyl group of a sialic acid. This process leads to a high degree of purity as well as the desired chemical modifications. The modification of saccharides with this product has many applications in research and industrial settings.</p>

<p>Alphadolone 3-b-D-glucuronide is a compound that is synthetically derived from alphadolone. This product can be used for the synthesis of saccharides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides with click modification or glycosylation. It can also be used as a starting material for the preparation of methylated saccharides or glycopeptides. The chemical formula is C12H14O6F2, and it has a molecular weight of 290.20 g/mol. Alphadolone 3-b-D-glucuronide is soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It's CAS number is 70522-56-4.</p>

<p>Phenyl 3-azido-2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-3-deoxy-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a custom synthesis. The compound is an oligosaccharide and polysaccharide with a complex carbohydrate structure. Phenyl 3-azido-2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-3-deoxyglucopyranoside has been modified by methylation and glycosylation. It has also been fluorinated and synthesized.</p>

<p>N1-b-D-Galactopyranosylamino-guanidine HNO3 is a synthetic compound that has been modified by methylesterification and glycosylation. It can be used for the preparation of saccharides, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and custom synthesis. The CAS No. 109853-86-3 is 109853-86-3.</p>

<p>2-Amino-a-D-ribofurano[1',2':4,5]oxazoline is a modified ribose analogue</p>

<p>1-Pyrenyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester is a custom synthesis product that can be used to modify oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This product is a fluorinated sugar that has been modified with acetyl groups at the 1 and 4 positions of the pyrene ring. It is an Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide, Carbohydrate and Monosaccharide. The complex carbohydrate modification provides high purity and high quality. The 1-Pyrenyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester is useful in Click chemistry applications as well as in other chemical reactions such as polymerization and condensation reactions.</p>

<p>Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-trityl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis. It is a monosaccharide that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. This chemical is soluble in water and is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.</p>

<p>1-Deoxy-1-nitro-L-galactitol is a compound that has been shown to inhibit serine protease and glutaminyl cyclase activity. It is commonly used in laboratory settings as a potassium substitute in media formulations. This compound belongs to the class of monosaccharides known as glutaminyl derivatives. It has been studied for its potential as an inhibitor of nafamostat, a serine protease inhibitor used in the treatment of pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Additionally, 1-Deoxy-1-nitro-L-galactitol has been investigated for its potential as a disinfectant and as an adrenergic receptor agonist. Preliminary studies have also suggested antiviral properties against certain viruses. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential applications of this compound.</p>

<p>C24:1 b-D-Galactosyl ceramide is a fatty acid that is found in mammalian cells. It is one of the major components of cerebrosides and gangliosides, which are important in the development and function of the brain. C24:1 b-D-Galactosyl ceramide has been shown to be an essential component of leukocytes, which are blood cells that help fight infection. The fatty acid composition of this molecule can be used as a marker for diagnosis and research on neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-D-galactopyranose (2ADF) is a synthetic ligand that binds to selectins, which are receptors expressed on the surface of cells. 2ADF has been shown to have a pharmacological effect in inhibiting inflammatory diseases by binding to and blocking the function of selectins. This drug has also been shown to inhibit leukocyte trafficking and chemotaxis by preventing the binding of selectins with their ligands, galectin 1 or galectin 3. 2ADF does not bind to glycan structures found on the cell membrane, but instead binds to glycan structures found on the surfaces of cells.</p>

<p>Phenyl 6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a custom synthesis that can be used to modify the fluoroquinolone antibiotic Gatifloxacin. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Phenyl 6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is not active against acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.</p>

<p>Fructose-isoleucine is a flavoring agent that is used in the food industry. It has an acrid taste and a sweet aftertaste. Fructose-isoleucine is typically used in the production of chewing gum, candy, and baked goods. This product can be found in two forms: as a white powder or as a clear liquid. The flavoring agent reacts with acetonitrile to form reaction products that are chromatographically separated by reversed phase HPLC. The desired product can then be isolated by elution from the column with methanol and characterized using various analytical methods. In addition to this use, fructose-isoleucine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.<br>Fructose-isoleucine can also be found in tobacco leaves where it serves as an amide precursor for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). HMF is a</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl azide is a custom synthesis of an oligosaccharide that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. This carbohydrate is a sugar that can be used in the production of glycosylations or click chemistry reactions. It is a complex carbohydrate with high purity and can be used for research purposes or other applications.</p>

<p>3-O-Benzyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-a-D-glucofuranose is a synthetic sugar that is used in the synthesis of glycosides and other carbohydrates. 3-O-Benzyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylideneglucopyranose is an oligosaccharide that has been modified with fluorine at the C3 position. This modification is often seen in saccharides that are synthesized from monosaccharides. It is also possible to methylate the C3 position of this molecule to produce 3′-[methyl(4′)benzyl] glucopyranose. This molecule can be glycosylated or click modified to create a custom synthesis.</p>

<p>1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose is a monosaccharide that can be synthesized by the methylation of 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-(benzoyl) D-glucopyranose. The synthesis of this compound is accomplished by a click modification and the use of a fluoroquinolone to modify the sugar at C1. This compound has been shown to be an excellent substrate for polysaccharide and saccharide synthesis as well as fluorination. Purity levels are high with this product.</p>

<p>3,6-Di-O-benzoyl-D-galactal is a complex carbohydrate with CAS No. 130323-36-3 and a molecular weight of 538. It is an oligosaccharide that can be modified by methylation, glycosylation, or carbamylation. This product can also be fluorinated to form 3,6-di-O-(4'-fluoro)benzoyl-D-[2]galactal.</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-D-ribose diethyl thioacetal is a synthetic, fluorinated carbohydrate that is used in the modification of saccharides and oligosaccharides. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized from D-ribose and diethyl thioacetal. Fluorination of 2-deoxy-D-ribose diethyl thioacetal has been shown to lead to glycosylation reactions with glycosyl acceptors. Click chemistry reactions have been used to modify this compound with methyl groups. This product has a high purity and can be custom synthesized by request.</p>