pH Buffer Solutions

DoubleQuick DNA Electrophoresis Buffer is a tank buffer used in electrophoresis of DNA on agarose gels. The advantage here is that the electrophoreis takes only 10 minutes and the DNA extraction rate is 3 times higher than when TAE or TBE buffers are used. It also generates lower heat.

6x Gel Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with two tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol blue and xylene cyanol are the standard tracking dye for electrophoresis.

6X Blue Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with a single tracking dye for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol Blue is the standard tracking dye for electrophoresis.

6x Gel Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with two tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Xylene cyanol and Orange G are the standard tracking dyes for electrophoresis.

6x Gel Loading Dye, SDS+ is a pre-mixed loading buffer with two tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The solution contains SDS which results in sharper bands as some restriction enzymes remain bound to DNA following cleavage. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol blue and xylene cyanol are the standard tracking dye for electrophoresis.

6X Tri-colour Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with three tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol Blue, xylene cyanol and ornageG are the standard tracking dyes for electrophoresis.

<p>HEPPSO is a piperazinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 7.1-8.5 and a pKa of 7.84. It is an ampholytic separator, and can bind copper ions.</p>

<p>Sodium cacodylate trihydrate is a buffering agent that has an optimal pH range of 5.0-7.4 and a pKa of 6.27. It can be used in electron microscopy and histology, however it is toxic and oxidizes thiols at a low pH.</p>

<p>A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degree C.MES, also known as 4-Morpholineethanesulfonic acid, is a morpholinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 5.5-6.7 and a pKa of 6.1. This buffering agent can be used in culture media and capillary electrochromatography. It does not coordinate metal ions</p>

<p>PIPES, also known as, Piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) is a piperazinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 6.1-7.5 and a pKa of 6.76. This buffering agent can be used in culture media, crystallization, electrophoresis, and chromatography and is non-coordinating.</p>

<p>Bicine, also known as N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine, is a Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amine buffer with an optimal pH range of 7.6-9.0 and a pKa of 8.26. This buffering agent forms metal complexes and is used in crystallization and enzymatic studies.</p>

<p>MOPSO, also known as 3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid, a a morpholinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 6.2-7.6 and a pKa of 6.87. It has poor metal ion coordination and can be used in protein work and chromatography.</p>

<p>TES, also known as N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a buffering agent that is used in protein assays and forms complexes with DNA and copper ions. The optimal pH range of this zwitterionic buffer is 6.8-8.2 and its pKa is 7.4.</p>