Amino Acids (AA)

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Aspartame is a synthetic, sweetener that is used as a sugar substitute in diet products. It was discovered by accident in 1965 when James Schlatter, a chemist of G.D. Searle Company, was testing an anti-ulcer drug and l-phenylalanine methyl ester on his finger and tasted the sweetness on his fingers. Aspartame is composed of two amino acids: aspartic acid and phenylalanine. The aspartic acid is made up of a carboxylic acid group with an amide functional group. Aspartame can be found in many foods including chewing gum and diet sodas. It has been shown to have no carcinogenic effects or adverse effects on reproduction function in animal studies.

Neuropeptide EI is a cyclic peptide that has been shown to have receptor activity in the caudate putamen, as well as locomotor activity and metabolic rate. Neuropeptide EI has also been shown to inhibit lymphatic vessels and amide sequences in fat cells. It has been shown to have various biological functions, such as an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic, and a chemotherapeutic agent. It is active against cancer cells and autoimmune diseases, but is inactive against bacteria.

H-Tyr-Leu-OH is a peptide that has been shown to have regulatory effects on the synthesis of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), which is responsible for mood, appetite, and sleep. H-Tyr-Leu-OH is an orally active compound that has antidepressant-like activity in animals. It has also been shown to have antiobesity effects by regulating the secretion of proctolin from the pancreas. H-Tyr-Leu-OH has a pH optimum of 7, which is neutral. This compound can be used in cell culture experiments to study the effect of pH on enzyme preparations.

H-Met-Gly-Gly-OH is a tripeptide that has been synthesized and is used in microassays to measure the activity of methionine aminopeptidase. This enzyme hydrolyzes peptides with N-terminal amino acids such as methionine, which are derived from proteins. The activity of methionine aminopeptidase can be determined by measuring the release of H2O2, which is proportional to the concentration of peptides in the sample. The assay measures the change in absorbance at 340 nm on a spectrophotometer as a result of H2O2 production.

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Lauroyl-glycine is a fatty acid with a long acyl chain. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of lauric acid, which is used in the production of detergents and soaps. Lauroyl-glycine has been shown to be useful as a model system for skin condition studies due to its detergent properties.

H-D-Phe-D-Phe-OH is a polypeptide that contains 24 amino acids. It is synthesized by the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger, and has been found to be an optimal substrate for aminopeptidase. H-D-Phe-D-Phe-OH has also been shown to be a homolog of the halophilic enzyme from Halobacterium salinarum.

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H-[15N]Tyr-OH is a metabolite of tyrosine. It is the conjugate acid of propionic acid, and the conjugate base of 4-hydroxybenzyl. H-[15N]Tyr-OH is a phenylalanine and aromatic amino acid that has an aromatic ring with a phenyl substituent. This metabolite is hydroxy, which means it has one hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring. H-[15N]Tyr-OH binds to daphnia in vivo, causing death. The cause for this may be due to its ability to react with oxygen, forming reactive oxygen species (ROS).

H-Phe-Gly-His-p-nitro-Phe-Phe-Ala-Phe-OMe is a protonated amino acid. It has been shown to have a high affinity for the histidine subsite of human thrombin. This compound has been found to have a kinetic rate of hydrolysis that is competitive with that of aspartic acid, but slower than that of valine. H-Phe-Gly-His-p-nitro-Phe--Phe--Ala--Phe--OMe also functions as an anticoagulant and inhibits clotting by inhibiting the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

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H-Tyr-His-OH is a trifluoroacetic acid derivative that is a histidine odorant. It can be used as a substitute for histidine in the detection of blood pressure, due to its ability to bind to nitric oxide and histidine receptors. H-Tyr-His-OH has been shown to have immunological properties, and it has been used as an immunogen in the production of monoclonal antibodies against human erythrocytes. H-Tyr-His-OH is also considered to be a potential biomarker because it can be detected by LC-MS/MS methods.

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Tau-fluvalinate is a pesticide that is used to control ectoparasites. It has been shown to be effective against fleas, ticks, and mites. Tau-fluvalinate binds to the active site of the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC). This binding prevents the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), which is required for cell signaling pathways and protein synthesis. Tau-fluvalinate also inhibits detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 reductase. Tau-fluvalinate has been shown to have no sublethal effects on insects in vitro or in vivo at doses below its LD50. Tau-fluvalinate can also be used as an analytical standard for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples with chemical ionization gas chromatography.

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H-Glu-Phe-Tyr-OH is a peptide transporter that is located on the apical surface of intestinal cells. It is a monovalent cation/H+ symporter that transports H+ and peptides in an electroneutral manner. The uptake rate of this peptide transporter is influenced by the concentration gradient of the substrate, with higher concentrations increasing the uptake rate. It has been shown to transport lidocaine, which suggests it may be used to treat patients who are resistant to other drugs. H-Glu-Phe-Tyr-OH also has a high affinity for peptides, making it possible to use this drug as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins orally.

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Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone is a molecule that belongs to the class of hydrolase inhibitors. It has been shown to have inhibitory properties against trichomonas vaginalis and proteolytic activity against liver cells. Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone also has a kinetic energy of 11.2 kcal/mol, which is higher than most protease inhibitors. This molecule has been shown to be effective as a cell vaccine in wild-type mice and as a protease inhibitor in brain cells. The optimal ph for this molecule is 7.5, which corresponds to its pKa value of 5.1.

H-Arg-Ile-OH acetate salt is a regulatory protein that is found in plant cells. It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cancer, as well as having some anti-inflammatory activities. H-Arg-Ile-OH acetate salt also has been shown to inhibit the production of fatty acids and coagulation factors by inhibiting serine proteases and thromboplastin activity, respectively. H-Arg-Ile-OH acetate salt may have an important role in regulating blood clotting by preventing fibrinogen from converting to fibrin, which leads to clot formation.

Boc-His(Trt)-OH is a chemical compound that has been used in the laboratory to study uptake and binding of compounds. It is stable in complex with albumin, which has led to its use as a model system for studying hepatic steatosis. This chemical can be synthesized by solid-phase synthesis with trifluoroacetic acid and polypeptide synthesis. FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to characterize Boc-His(Trt)-OH, revealing its chemical diversity.

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Angiotensin I/II (3-7) H-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor. It has been shown to be a cognitive enhancer by statistically improving treatments for behavioural problems in rats and mice. Angiotensin I/II (3-7) H-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH has also been shown to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are involved in mediating the effects of neurotransmitters on muscle cells. This agent also inhibits angiotensin II receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. The mechanism of action is not yet clear but may involve inhibition of protein kinase C. In preclinical studies, it has been shown that this drug facilitates behavioural effects such as memory retention and motor performance in rats when given before treatment with peptides such as substance P or calcitonin gene related pept

H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-OH is a chemical compound that is used in the field of molecular biology. It is an amino acid which has been modified to contain a terminal amine group, so it can be coupled to other molecules through a covalent bond. H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-OH can be used as a diagnostic marker for mouse monoclonal antibodies. The antibody reacts with the H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-OH by binding to its peptide receptors, which are located on the cell surface and inside the cells. This receptor activity can be detected using immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical detection of H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly--OH is useful for diagnosing cancer, such as breast cancer, where it can be found in high levels in metastatic lesions.

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Z-Phe-OBzl is an opioid drug that has been used as a research tool for studying the effects of opioid drugs on the nervous system. Z-Phe-OBzl is a synthetic peptide with a high affinity for opioid receptors. It has been shown to be a potent natural product antagonist and endogenous agonist, which may be useful in the treatment of pain. The oral bioavailability of Z-Phe-OBzl has also been reported to be greater than 90%.

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H-Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg-Gly-OH is a peptide and model system for epidermal growth factor. It has been shown to stimulate epidermal growth and protein synthesis in the skin cells. The peptide has also been shown to inhibit fibrinogen production by monoclonal antibody, which is a biochemical marker of wound healing. H-Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg-Gly-OH analogs have been shown to inhibit the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and have an inhibitory effect on cell growth.

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2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine is a hydrophobic compound that is not soluble in water. It has a bound form and can be titrated with calorimetry. 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine is synthesized by reacting 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with methoxyacetone in the presence of sodium methylate. The compound has been detected as an odorant in numerous plant species and is believed to play a role in plant physiology. 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine has been shown to have potent antiviral activity against infectious diseases such as HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), and varicella zoster virus (VZV). This specific antiviral activity may be due to its ability to bind fatty acids by hydrogen bonds, which may interfere with the synthesis of viral membranes.

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1-(4-Acetylphenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone (AMP) is a synthetic analgesic that has been evaluated for the treatment of pain. It is primarily used in pharmaceuticals and medicinal preparations, as well as being a common solvent in chemical syntheses. AMP has been shown to be an effective treatment for joint pain, muscle pain, and other types of pain. The mechanism of action for this compound is unknown but may involve the inhibition of an enzyme called hydratropic acid group. This molecule also has a carboxylic acid group that undergoes detoxification through elemental analysis or mechanochemistry.

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Suc-Ala-Gly-Pro-Phe-pNA is an amide that has been synthesized for the stabilization of proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. It has shown to be effective in preventing isomerization of casein and phosphatase (casein kinase II) by stabilizing the alpha helix structure. Suc-Ala-Gly-Pro-Phe-pNA also prevents fk506 binding to endoplasmic reticulum protein tyrosine kinases and isomerizes tyrosine to phenylalanine. The tetrapeptide sequence has been shown to be similar to sequences found in cellular proteins. This compound is a synthetic analog of the natural amino acid proline and can be used as a substitute in peptides or nucleotide sequences, due to its ability to stabilize these molecules against proteolysis or hydrolysis.

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3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

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4-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole is a trifluoroethylamine that inhibits the activity of tyrosine kinases. It binds to the active site of tyrosine kinase and prevents the binding of ATP, preventing phosphorylation and activation of downstream substrates. 4-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of tumor xenografts in mice, as well as inhibiting headgroup binding and cellular proliferation in vitro. This agent also has a nanomolar range and high selectivity for protein kinases, which may make it suitable for therapeutic purposes.

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D-Pen 2,p-chloro-Phe4,D-Pen 5)-Enkephalin H-Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-p-chloro-Phe-D-Pen (Disulfide bond) is a peptide that belongs to the family of opioid drugs. It has low potency and is used in pharmacological studies as a nonselective antagonist of δ-, μ-, and κ-(kappa) receptors. This drug blocks pain by binding to the same receptor sites that are activated by endogenous opioids and has been shown to be effective against both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. DPDPE has also been shown to have a high safety profile with minimal side effects.

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Ac-Ala-alpha-naphthyl ester is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of aromatic esters. It is used as a research and benchmarking agent in the measurement of skin penetration potential. Ac-Ala-alpha-naphthyl ester has been shown to have good skin penetration properties, with no adverse effects on the skin.

Guanidine is a guanidinium cation that is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and aspartyl receptor activity. Boc-guanidine is an efficient method for the synthesis of guanidine. It has been shown to be effective in treating inflammatory diseases and neutral pH conditions. Boc-guanidine inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and membrane interactions, which are associated with a number of human disorders. It also has antimicrobial properties against marine microorganisms.

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Endogenous heptapetide which causes vasodilation and has anti-hypertensive properties.

8-Phenyltheophylline (8PT) is an adenosine receptor agonist that is used as a bronchodilator for the treatment of asthma. It has been shown to increase the intracellular calcium concentration in hl-60 cells and in rat papillary muscles. 8PT also has locomotor activating effects, which are thought to be due to its ability to block potassium channels in the hippocampal formation. These effects may be related to ATP-sensitive potassium channels, which have been shown to be sensitive to ATP in untreated mice. 8PT also has anti-arrhythmic properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit sodium channels and its effect on heart rate and contractility.

Bosentan is a potent inhibitor of the uptake of organic anions. It is used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and has been shown to be effective against pravastatin-resistant HIV protease inhibitors, such as saquinavir, quinidine, and rosuvastatin. Bosentan inhibits uptake by binding to the transporter protein at a site that does not overlap with the binding site for organic anion substrates. This leads to a change in kinetic parameters for substrates, such as pravastatin and saquinavir. The binding site on bosentan may also be elucidated through monolayer experiments with efflux transporters.

(Des-Gly10, tBu-D-Gly6,Pro-NHEt 9)-LHRH acetate salt Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-tBu-D-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt acetate salt is a synthetic hormone that belongs to the group of gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH). It is used in veterinary medicine to stimulate ovulation and follicular growth in animals. (Des-Gly10, tBu-D-Gly6, Pro -NHEt9)-LHRH acetate salt Pyr -His -Trp -Ser -Tyr -tBu -D -Gly -Leu -Arg -Pro NHEt acetate salt is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in vivo to buserelin, its active form. This drug has been shown to be effective against estradiol benzoate and sodium salts

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5-[(1-Methylindole-3-yl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-bezimidazole is a reactive heterocyclic compound. It is a carboxylic acid and an amide with a peptic and cephalalgic effect. The symptoms of 5-[(1-methylindole-3-yl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-bezimidazole are hemicrania and amnesia. It has been expressed in the calf thymus DNA.

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