Peptides

<p>KTX-Sp2, a potassium channel toxin, effectively blocks exogenous voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.3, as well inhibits the endogenous Kv1.3</p>

<p>Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEVD-CHO is a cell-permeable inhibitor of caspase-4 that exhibits antitumor activity [1].</p>

<p>Myr-TAT-CBD3, a CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction inhibitor, has been shown to significantly attenuate carrageenan-induced thermal hypersensitivity and reverse thermal</p>

<p>Ac-ESMD-CHO functions as an inhibitor of both caspase-3 and caspase-7, specifically obstructing the proteolytic cleavage of the caspase-3 precursor peptide (</p>

<p>δ-Dendrotoxin is a potassium (K+) channel blocker derived from black mamba snake venom and is utilized in neurological disease research [1].</p>

<p>Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a bioactive peptide renowned for its anti-aging properties [1].</p>

<p>AHK, a bioactive peptide known for its antioxidant properties, has been employed as a cosmetic ingredient [1].</p>

<p>IETD-CHO TFA (Caspase-8-IN-1) functions as a potent inhibitor of caspase-8 [1].</p>

<p>Pezadeftide, a potent antifungal peptide, readily penetrates fungal cells, eliciting an immediate mitochondrial response that leads to hyperpolarization of the</p>

<p>BmP02, a compound isolated from Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) venom, acts as a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker and a highly-selective Kv4.2</p>

<p>IRBP Fragment is a 20-residue peptide in IRBP 161-180, causing post-uveitis (EAU).</p>

<p>CDK2, a eukaryotic S/T kinase, catalyzes ATP γ-phosphate transfer to serine/threonine in proteins.</p>

<p>δ-Theraphotoxin-Hm1a is a selective NaV1.1 activator that induces pain and touch sensitivity, with potential applications in irritable bowel syndrome research [</p>

<p>Noxiustoxin, a toxin extracted from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius, inhibits both the voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3, IC50 =</p>

<p>Fluorescein-6-carbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-DL-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone is a cell-permeable, non-toxic inhibitor that irreversibly binds to activated</p>

<p>MCA-SEVNLDAEFR-K(Dnp)-RR, amide is a FRET-based substrate.</p>

<p>ELH, a neuropeptide from Aplysia's bag cells, triggers egg laying, has 36 amino acids, Mr 4385, pI 9.7, and induces Na+ current in neurons.</p>

<p>Type II collagen, a triple helix of α chains, forms a fibril meshwork crucial in arthritides, with slow turnover in cartilage.</p>

<p>Ssm Spooky Toxin, derived from Scolopendra mutilans, exhibits potent lethality affecting both hematological and respiratory systems primarily through the</p>

<p>Crotamine, a 42 amino acid toxin featuring three disulfide bridges, functions as a Na+ channel modulator with analgesic properties.</p>

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) is a 22-residue human peptide acting as a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist.

<p>SNAP8 (Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-Nh2) is a mimic of the N-terminal end of SNAP-25 which competes with SNAP-25 for a position in the SNARE complex,</p>

<p>Boc-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-OH TFA is a self-assembly of N-protected and C-protected tetrapeptides and is a protease cleaved connector for antibody-drug binding (ADC).</p>

<p>ω-Tbo-IT1, a peptide toxin extracted from the venom of Tibellus oblongus, functions as an inhibitor of insect calcium channels [1].</p>

<p>Jingzhaotoxin-IX is a C-terminally amidated peptide neurotoxin consisting of 35 amino acid residues.</p>

<p>α-Conotoxin GI acetate is a competitive antagonist of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).</p>

<p>Hongotoxin-1, a chemical compound isolated from the venom of Centruroides limbatus, functions as a potassium channel inhibitor.</p>

<p>M-TriDAP (N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid) is a bioactive peptide functioning as a NOD1/2 agonist.</p>

<p>FITC-εAhx-HHV-2 Envelope Glycoprotein G (561-578) is a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled segment of the HHV-2 Envelope Glycoprotein G encompassing amino</p>

<p>BDS-I, a marine toxin derived from Anemonia sulcata, functions as a selective inhibitor of the potassium channel, specifically targeting Kv3.4.</p>

<p>Epsilon-V1-2, a Cys-conjugated, is a biologically active peptide known as the εPKC-specific inhibitor.</p>

<p>YAP-TEAD-IN-1 acetate is an effective and competitive inhibitor of YAP–TEAD interaction with an IC50 of 25 nM.</p>

<p>SYSMEHFRWGKPS is a 13-amino acid peptide.</p>

<p>HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1 restricted HPV16 E7-derived peptide.</p>

<p>AMARA peptide (TFA) is a substrate for salt-induced kinase (SIK) and adenosine activated protein kinase (AMPK).</p>

<p>Z-VRPR-FMK (TFA) is a tetrapeptide that selectively and irreversibly inhibits MALT1 in lymphoid tissue.</p>

<p>iE-DAP is a biologically active peptide that functions as a NOD1 agonist.</p>

<p>Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-DEVD-CHO (DEVD-CHO-CPP 32) serves as a potent and reversible inhibitor of caspase-3 [1].</p>

<p>Neuronostatin-13 human acetate is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone, which plays an important role in the regulation of hormonal and cardiac function.</p>

<p>Cucumechinoside C is a bioactive natural chemical.</p>

<p>Angiotensin III is an agonist of angiotensin 1 (AT1) and AT2 receptor.</p>

<p>Peptide T amide is an octapeptide segment of HIV envelope gp120 and is used in AIDS therapy.</p>

<p>Bio-ben functions as a sulfenic acid probe, utilized for labeling both free sulfenic acid and cysteine sulfenic acid within proteins and peptides.</p>

<p>OVA-A2 Peptide acetate (SAINFEKL, OVA (257-264) Variant acetate) is a biologically active, antigenic variant of the ovalbumin-derived peptide spanning amino acids 257 to 264.</p>

<p>Cyclo(Ala-Arg-Gly-Asp-Mamb) is a selective antagonist of the RGD peptide with potential applications in pulmonary arterial hypertension research [1].</p>

<p>Ceratotoxin-2 (CcoTx2) is a voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor, demonstrating half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 8 nM for Na v 1.2/β 1 and 88</p>

<p>μ-Conotoxin SIIIA, a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel blocker, is a toxic peptide derived from Conus snail venom.</p>

<p>Myristoylated PKCε inhibitor peptide (Myr-PKCε-) is a cell-permeable inhibitor consisting of a peptide linked to myristic acid that specifically inhibits</p>

<p>Neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Triletide is a thromboxane A2 antagonist agent.</p>

<p>Myoregulin (MLN peptide) TFA, belonging to the regulin family, is a regulator of muscle performance through modulation of intracellular calcium dynamics.</p>

<p>Nesiritide, a 32-amino acid natriuretic peptide and recombinant form of human brain natriuretic peptide, enhances vasorelaxation ex vivo in porcine hearts from an acute coronary occlusion model when given as a 2 µg/kg bolus dose followed by a 0.01 µg/kg per minute infusion, facilitated by the calcium ionophore A23187. Formulations containing nesiritide have been utilized in managing congestive heart failure.</p>

<p>Agavoside C is a biochemical.</p>

<p>FKBPL-based peptide increases CD44, hinders BCSC growth, impacts pluripotency, inhibits angiogenesis, and blocks tumor growth in models.</p>

<p>mP6 (Myr-FEEERA-OH), a myristoylated peptide, selectively inhibits Gα 13's interaction with integrin β 3 while preserving talin-dependent integrin function.</p>

<p>FA-Ala-Arg is a dipeptide featuring a furylacryloyl group that degrades to yield arginine.</p>

<p>Biotin-Gastrin Releasing Peptide, human, is a biotinylated derivative of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a neuropeptide known for its growth-stimulatory and</p>

<p>Ysdspstst peptide is a biochemical.</p>

<p>Relaxin C-peptide, as a synthetic 14-amino acid peptide found in human decidua &amp; placenta, can represent a partial sequence of human relaxin connecting peptide.</p>

<p>Aa1 toxin, sourced from Androctonus australis Garzoni venom, is a neurotoxic peptide that specifically blocks potassium channels and has applications in</p>

<p>Exendin-4 peptide derivative acetate is an acetate salt of Exendin-4 peptide derivative.</p>

<p>uper-TDU is an inhibitory peptide targeting YAP-TEADs interaction.</p>

<p>BDS-II, a peptide toxin comprising 43 amino acids, selectively inhibits the Kv3.4 channel [1].</p>

<p>SPACE peptide acetate is a skin penetrating peptide that facilitates the transfer of molecules through the skin.</p>

<p>Thioctoyl tripeptide-1 is a peptide.</p>

<p>Sphistin peptide (12-38, FITC-labeled N-terminus) is a potent antimicrobial truncated fragment.</p>

<p>ACP (65-74) is a plastidial fatty acid synthetase fragment binding acyl groups with 4-phosphopantetheine.</p>

<p>GrTx1, a peptide toxin derived from Grammostola rosea spider venom, selectively inhibits sodium channels Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.4, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7,</p>

<p>AF1 Neuropeptide, known as a sequenced bioactive neuropeptide, was seperated from the nematode Ascaris suum.</p>

<p>Allatostatin IV, an insect octapeptide, regulates juvenile hormone synthesis.</p>

<p>Diaminopropionoyl Tripeptide-33 is a bioactive peptide that safeguards skin cells against UVA-induced DNA damage and is utilized as a cosmetic ingredient [1].</p>

<p>CAY10679, an anionic oligopeptide-based bola-amphiphile, features a central hexane segment bordered by a glycylglycine group at each end, establishing pronounced hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. This amphiphilic peptide's propensity for self-assembling into microtubes in aqueous acidic solutions has been explored. Such bola-amphiphiles hold significant potential in the development of nanotubes, nanovesicles, nanowires, and nanocarriers for drug delivery, among various bionanotechnology applications.</p>

<p>GpTx-1 exhibits potent selectivity as a NaV1.7 antagonist, demonstrating an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 10 nM [1].</p>

<p>HAE (His-Ala-Glu) consists of histidine, alanine and glutamate.</p>

<p>Protein LMWP, a cell-penetrating peptide, exhibits inhibitory activity against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and is utilized in cancer research for</p>

<p>Cenupatide: uPAR inhibitor; improves kidney in diabetic rats; inhibits FPR2. No effect on podocyte uPAR levels/activity.</p>

<p>Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Trp) is a diketopiperazine metabolite initially derived from Penicillium, exhibiting antibacterial (MICs = 125-1000 µg/ml) and antifungal activities (MICs = 8-64 µg/ml). It also demonstrates antioxidant properties by reducing the production of hydroxy radicals, as evidenced in an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy assay (IC50 = 1.8 µM). Additionally, Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Trp) has been identified as a bitter compound capable of quickly crossing rat taste cell membranes ex vivo at a 1 mM concentration. Furthermore, it acts as a melatonin receptor agonist in X. laevis melanophores, suppressing cAMP accumulation at a 20 µM concentration, with this effect being negated by the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole.</p>

<p>Secretin (33-59), rat (TFA), a 27-aa peptide, stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate, enzymes, and K+.</p>

<p>ω-Conotoxin CVIA, a 27-amino acid neuropeptide, functions as a blocker of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) [1].</p>

<p>Apraglutide TFA is a synthetic 33-amino acid, long-acting GLP-2 analog that promotes intestine growth in short bowel syndrome.</p>

<p>neurotensin-like peptide that modulate pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion/effects</p>

<p>Pentapeptide-4 is a matrikine utilized in anti-wrinkle cosmetics.</p>

<p>D-loop peptide, synthetic; antigenic; cycles via Asp10 side chain to terminal amide bond.</p>

<p>SN50M (NF-κB Control) is a synthetic peptide containing a hydrophobic region and mutant nuclear localization sequences that can enter cells.</p>

<p>Margatoxin TFA, an alpha-KTx scorpion toxin isolated from Centruroides margaritatus venom, is a 39-amino-acid peptide that serves as a high-affinity inhibitor</p>

<p>F-Chemotactic peptide-fluorescein is a fluorescent label.</p>

<p>EC-1456 is a folate-microtubule targeting agent that exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against folate receptor (FR) positive tumors, including models resistant to anticancer drugs. EC-1456 is utilized in cancer research.</p>

<p>Tamapin, a venom peptide isolated from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) [1], selectively targets and blocks small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K</p>

<p>CRF, bovine (TFA), agonizes CRF receptor, displacing [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF, Ki 3.52 nM, pEC50s: hCRF1 11.16, hCRF2 8.53, rCRF2α 8.70.</p>

<p>Beefy meaty peptide is a bioactive chemical.</p>

<p>Cytochrome c: small heme protein in mitochondria, has methylated lysines in some eukaryotes, essential for Apaf-1.</p>

<p>IRBP(668-687) TFA, a segment of human IRBP, can cause uveitis.</p>

<p>Pepinh-MYD, a MyD88 inhibitor, incorporates both a domain sequence from MyD88 TIR and a protein transduction sequence to facilitate cell membrane penetration. This compound disrupts MyD88-mediated TLR signaling pathways, effectively inhibiting associated immune responses. Its design is particularly useful for investigating MyD88's function in viral infections.</p>

<p>α-Neoendorphin (1-8) is a 8-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal of α-Neoendorphin.</p>

<p>The HiBiT tag, a complementary peptide (VSGWRLFKKIS), exhibits high affinity for LgBiT. It is fused with the Gβ subunit of the receptor. The interaction between LgBiT and HiBiT facilitates the stabilization of ETR and G proteins. Additionally, HiBiT can be attached to target proteins (GFP) to quantify their transport to the cytosol.</p>

<p>Pseudostellarin G, a naturally occurring cyclo-octapeptide, exhibits inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and suppresses melanin production.</p>

<p>Thymosin β4 (cattle) TFA is a high-affinity activator of MLCK that operates independently of Ca2+ [1].</p>

<p>Tpp-CAQK, a specially engineered mitochondrial compound, has been shown to improve phagocytosis of myelin debris by macrophages, reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory features, and enhance tissue repair and functional recovery in mice after spinal cord injury.</p>

<p>Herceptide (HER2-targeting peptide), a peptide that targets HER2, can be conjugated with the near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG), facilitating the development of theranostic agents.</p>

<p>μ-Conotoxin Sx IIIA is a biologically active peptide that functions as a blocker of NaV1.4 channels.</p>

<p>CMVpp65 (415-429) is a CEF control peptide derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV).</p>

<p>pYEEI, a tetrapeptide containing phosphotyrosine, binds to the SrcSH2 domain with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 100 nM and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.5 μM. This compound plays a crucial role in cancer research.</p>