Enzyme Substrates

Applications Phosphoglycolic Acid is used in studies pertaining to biological and metabolic processes. It can be used in the study of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape) and its role in double strand break repair. It also has been seen to complex with cPEPCK (cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) during the study of its inhibition by various substrate analogues.
References Suh, D. et al.: Nucl. Acids Res., 25, 2495 (1997); Stiffin, R. et al.: Biochem., 47, 2099 (2008);

Applications p-Nitrophenyl α-D-Galactopyranoside (cas# 7493-95-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.
References Anisha, G., et al.: Proc. Biochem., 44, 327 (2009), Bergstroem, M., et al.: Chem. Biol. Drug Des., 73, 132 (2009), Liu, Q., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 283, 8545 (2008),

Applications Thymolphthalein Monophosphoric Acid Disodium Salt is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. It is a disodium salt form of Thymolphthalein Monophosphoric Acid which can be used as reactant/reagent in reaction of homodimer and heterodimer subunits of human prostate acid phosphatase.
References Lee, H., et al.: Biochem J, 277, 759 (1991)

Applications A substrate for cytochrome CYP2B6.
References Kabumoto, H., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 73, 1922 (2009), Maresca, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 335 (2010), Si-Ahmed, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 51, 225 (2010),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 4-Nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside is a substrate for the enzyme arabinofuranosidase.
References Tefsen, B., et. al.: Biol. Chem., 393, 767 (2012)

Applications p-Nitrophenyl α-D-Glucopyranoside is a substrate for α-glucosidase inhibitor.
References O'Neill, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 20430 (1989), Carpita, N., et al.: Plant J., 3, 1 (1993), Henrissat, B., et al.: Biochem. J., 293, 781 (1993), Nakai, H., et al.: Biochimie, 89, 49 (2007) ,

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Glucose Pentasulfate is used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate (S692350(P)), which is an inhibitor of peptic hydrolysis and stomach acidity and used as an anti-ulcerative.
References Mayberr, J.F., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pract., 32, 291 (1978); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 27, 194 (1984);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Used in efficient synthesis of 1β-O-acyl glucuronides via regioselective acylation
References Meng, X., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 6165 (2007),

Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-Sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Sodium Salt is an analogue of 4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-Sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Potassium Salt (M334950) which is shown to be a substrate for the lysosomal N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase.
References He, W., et al.: J. inher. Metab. Dis., 16, 935 (1993)

Stability Moisture, Temperature sensitive
Applications Used as a substrate for the detection of sialidase-like enzyme in screening of enzymes, studying physiological activities of gangliosides, and recombinant technologies.
References Biorg. Med. Chem., 1, 147 (1993)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Isocitric acid is the protonated analogue of isocitrate, a substrate of the citric acid cycle.
References Zhang, Q., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 18931 (2011); Crowe, L.M., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 242, 240, (1985);

PAIRED PRODUCT AVAILABLE: alpha-L-iduronidase Enzyme, FI179383.
4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-iduronidase. Active alpha-L-iduronidase cleaves the MU moiety from the synthetic substrate, which results in release of a fluorescent signal (Ex 360 nm / Em 455 nm). The reaction is stopped by the addition of sodium carbonate. 4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is used in alpha-L-iduronidase assays in the context of biochemical characterisation of samples from patients affected by lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I).

(+)-Biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid sodium salt, often referred as (+)-biotin PABA, is a fluorogenic substrate used to measure biotinidase activity, especially in newborn screening programs.

2-Nitrophenyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a nitroaryl compound that can be synthesized from beta-D-galactopyranosides and nitric acid. It has a molecular conformation that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, which allows it to form supramolecular assemblies with other molecules. The nitro group in this molecule is responsible for the formation of the nitro group in 1,2,4,5,-tetranitrobenzene.

6-Chloro-3-indolyl b-D-cellobioside is a chromogenic substrate that produces a salmon-pink color after enzymatic cleavage. It is used for detecting the activity of beta-D-cellobiosidase in enzyme assays.

Nalpha-CBZ-L-Citrulline-p-nitroanilide is a synthetic chromogenic enzyme substrate used in protease enzymatic stutides. After hydrolysis, p-nitroaniline is released, which produces a yellow color detectable spectrophotometrically at 405 nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate, commonly names as 4-MUP, is a fluorescent probe that binds to lipases, enzymes responsible to assist on the hydrolysis of fats. In diagnosis, 4-MUP is used for screening of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) caused by a deficiency of a single enzyme involved in the metabolism of glycoproteins, lipids or mucopolysaccharides.

Aldol® 470 acetate is a Fluorogenic substrate that is used in enzymatic reactions to produce a fluorescent product. Aldol® 470 acetate can be used as a ligand or a chromogenic substrate. This product is also used in diagnostic tests, such as conjugates and chemiluminescence, to detect the presence of certain enzymes or microorganisms. It can be used in culture media to measure the amount of certain enzymes, such as phosphatases or proteases, and has been shown to have high purity and quality. This product has CAS No. 1318785-37-3, 1318785-38-4, 1318785-39-5, 1318785-40-6 and 1318785-41-7.

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl acetate is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in bacterial esterase detection (e.g. Staphylococcus spp.).

Luciferin-alpha-D-galactoside, sodium salt (LDA) is a bioluminescence substrate. It is used in diagnostic tests for the detection of bacteria and fungi. LDA is also used to measure the effectiveness of biocides and disinfectants. This product has been shown to be a potent fluorogenic substrate in chemiluminescent assays that can be used effectively with firefly luciferase.