Glycoscience

Inhibitor of lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (GlcCerase/glucocerebrosidase) with IC50 in nanomolar range for wildtype and mutant enzyme. It behaves as pharmacological chaperon by binding to instable GlcCerase active site at neutral pH values and facilitating the protein folding. In acidic lysosomes, isofagomine gets release from the enzyme active site. This results in increased levels of functional glucocerebrosidase and brings therapeutic benefits to patients with Gaucher disease.

Raloxifene-4'-D-glucuronide D4 lithium salt is a synthetic glycosylate drug, which belongs to the group of anti-estrogens. Raloxifene-4'-D-glucuronide D4 lithium salt is used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and prevention of osteoporotic fractures in women with intact uterus. It has been shown to inhibit bone resorption, increase bone mineral density and reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene-4'-D-glucuronide D4 lithium salt can be synthesized using a click chemistry reaction which involves the addition of an azide to an alkyne followed by copper catalysis and subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride. Synthesis of this compound can be achieved without any purification steps due to its high purity.

α 1,4-glucononasaccharide derived from starch by hydrolysis and chromatography

Methyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a sugar that is synthesized by the methylation of an alpha-D-mannopyranoside. This compound can be customized for any application and is available in high purity. It is used as a building block for polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Methyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside has been shown to have many applications including being used as a click modification substrate. The synthesis of this compound can be done by fluorination or glycosylation.

2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-a-D-xylopyranosyl bromide - Stabilised with 2.5% CaCO3 is a chiral compound that is a drug for the treatment of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. It is synthesized from D-xylose and acetone by reductive elimination using an organotin catalyst. The resulting product has a nitro group at the 4 position and can be activated as a priming agent for DNA synthesis. This compound has been shown to be effective in treating intestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis.
2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-a-D-xylopyranosyl bromide - Stabilised with 2.5% CaCO3 has been used to conjugate estrogens with various drugs to create new compounds that are more potent than free estrogens alone. Bioavailability of these conjugates has

O-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-N-hydroxysuccinimide is a synthetic glycosylation reagent. It has the CAS number 896730-84-0 and is available for custom synthesis. O-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-N-hydroxysuccinimide is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and saccharides. It is also used in click chemistry to modify proteins and other biomolecules. This product has a purity of 99% or higher and can be modified at any position with fluorination or methylation.

Monosialylated glycosphingolipid with an α1,2-fucosylated galactose at the nonreducing end. The moluecule is minimally expressed in healthy tissues but has high prevalence in some tumours such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Fucosyl-GM1 ganglioside is a potential tumour marker for SCLC and a potential antigen target for immunotherapy.

Tetra-mannuronic acid sodium salt (β-1,4-linked sodium mannuronotetraose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate which is a polysaccharide in brown seaweeds containing: blocks of repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences.  Oligosaccharides can be released using several methods (Lua, 2015; Yanga, 2004) and claims have been published that mannuronic acid oligosaccharides for example, can be effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, or for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes (USP 8835403B2, 2014).

1,2,3-Tri-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-b-D-galactopyranose is a synthetic glycosylation product of 3,6-dideoxygalactose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentaacetyl bromide. It has been subjected to fluorination and methylation reactions. The compound has been found to be effective in the treatment of tuberculosis.

UDP-a-D-galactose disodium salt (UDP-Gal) is a sugar-nucleotide substrate of galactosyltransferases. It’s used as the donor of galactose in the biosyntheses of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Its low cellular content is also hypothetically linked to the defective galactosylation in galactosemia.

Psyllium seed gum comes from plants of the Plantago genus and is cultivated mainly in the Mediterranian and in India. Psyllium has been used for many years medical applications and more recently there has been a resurgency of interest because it has been seen as a soluble dietary fibre. The proposed structure is of a backbone of D-xylopyranosyl units linked (1,4) and (1,3) with the 4-linked units bearing side chains. The side chains consist of α-L-arabinofuranosyl units linked (1,3) and (1,2) and β-D-xylopyranosyl units linked (1,3) and (1,2) and the α-D-GalAρ-(1,2)-α-L-Rhaρ aldobiuronic acid units linked (1,2) to the main chain.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose is an acetylated disaccharide that is glycosylated with mercuric triflate and glycoalkaloid acceptors. It has been shown to be a glycosylation coupling agent for theophylline in solanum species. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose can also act as a steroidal glycoalkaloid acceptor and has been identified in Solanum species.

To assess substrate specificity of galactokinase from S. pneumoniae

Donor for Koenigs-Knorr type mannosylation and other anomeric substitutions

N-Acetyl-beta-D-mannosamine is a methylated sugar. It is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 284.2.

Competitive inhibitor of ceramide-glycosyltransferase used for substrate reduction therapy in lysosomal storage disorders. It inhibits glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyses the initial step in glycosphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. This compound delays the onset of symptoms in type 1 Gaucher disease, Sandhoff disease and Tay-Sachs disease. It also reduces brain abnormalities in mucolipidosis type IV.

L-Threose is a sugar molecule that is used as a structural component of DNA and RNA. It is also an important part of the energy metabolism in cells. L-Threose can be enzymatically inactivated by glycosidases, which are enzymes that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds. The inhibition of glycosidases by L-threose may be useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with enzyme activity, such as diabetes mellitus type II. L-Threose has been shown to have inhibitory properties against sephadex G-100, a membrane protein found in bacteria. L-Threose may be useful as a control agent for research into the response element of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Disaccharide; substrate for glucanases and laminaribiose phosphorylase

Ethyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-thiomannopyranoside S-oxide is a glycosylated compound that contains an O-(2,3) Dibenzyl side chain. This product is a white solid and can be used for the synthesis of other compounds. It has been shown to have antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may be used as a drug target for tuberculosis treatment. This product is also useful in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Di-N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (DNL) is a sugar that is found in the mammalian tissues and can be used as a lectin to specifically bind to glycoproteins. It has been shown to have specificities for enteritis, and can be used to detect or analyze the sequences of oligosaccharides. DNL has been immobilized on silica gel, which was then reacted with lectins, such as concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and soybean agglutinin. This process allows for the detection of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.

3-Deoxy-D-galactopyranose is a galectin that has been synthetically produced. It has shown to be an antagonist of galactoside, which may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The synthetic method for this molecule is still being developed.