Antibióticos naturales y semisintéticos

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity L ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound L<br>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Desacetyl Rifaximin is an impurity of Rifaximin (R509500), a non-absorbable semisynthetic Rifamycin antibiotic.<br>References Brufani, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1611 (1984); Gillis, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 49, 467 (1995); Huang, D.B., et al.: J. Infection, 50, 97 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Furaltadone is a metabolite of Nitrofuran in milk and an intermediate in the synthesis of AMOZ (A634600), a metabolite of Furaltadone Hydrochloride.<br>References Tribalat, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 2168 (2006); Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007); Lim, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 2252 (1999), Martin, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 1612 (2005), Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007), McCracken, R., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 24, 26 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-6,6-Dimethylhept-2-en-4-yn-1-ol is an intermediate in the synthesis of N-Desmethyl Terbinafine (D294300), a metabolite of Terbinafine, an orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to naftifine.<br>References Humbert, H., et al.: Pharam. Drug Dispos., 19, 417 (1998); Vickers, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 1029 (1999); Iverson, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 175 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Vancomycin Impurity<br>Applications An impurity in Vancomycin.A representative lot was 75% by HPLC with less than 0.1% vancomycin.<br>References Marshall, F.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 8, 18 (1965), Sheldrick, G.M., et al.: Nature, 271, 223 (1987), Dutca-Melan, S., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 33, 24 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity C ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Amoxicillin Diketopiperazine (Amoxicillin EP Impurity C) is a major metabolite of Amoxicillin (AMO)(A634235).<br>References Dewdney, J., et al.: Food Chem. Toxic, 29, 477 (1991), Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994), Hernandez, E., et al.: Vet. J., 170, 237 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin intermediate.<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cycloserine dimer as potential impurity of drug Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Perez-Sala, D., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38,1037 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Linezolid is an enatiomeric impurity of Linezolid (L466500)<br>References Bednarek, E. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1193, 164 (2008); Nirogi, R. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 46, 764 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 28-Epirapamycin is an epimer of Rapamycin (R124000), a triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants.<br>References Yang, W., et. al.: Org. Lett., 1, 2033 (1999); Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977); Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993); Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000); Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibiotic.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Roxithromycin (R700850) structurally related substance in bulk samples. Roxithromycin impurity.<br>References Gasc, J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991, Chepkwony, H., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 914, 53 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A mixture of semi-synthetic Avermectins; containing 90% or more of component B1a and 10% or less of component B1b. Antiparasitic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jones, T.K., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 1786 (1994), Arena, J.P., et al.: J. Parasitol., 81, 286 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Polyether antibiotic. Coccidiostat.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Day, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 4, 410 (1973), Buchko, S., et al.: J. Food Prot., 63, 1467 (2000), De Leener, E., et al.: Microb. Drug Resist., 10, 341 (2004), Sanderson, M., et al.: Vet. Microbiol., 110, 125 ( 2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity H ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound H<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (R)-α-[(2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)amino]-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity H), is an Amoxicillin (A634235) related compound.<br>References Valvo, L., et al.: J. Chromatography A, 797, 311 (1998); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity N<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Azithromycin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; related to Erythromycin A. Antibacterial.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Doxycycline is a metabolite of Doxycycline (D561500); an antibacterial agent.<br>References Fabre, et al.: Chemotherapia, 11, 73 (1966); Goldenthal, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971); Polson, A.M., et al.: J. Periodontol., 68, 110 (1997); Boecker, R., et al.: Drug. Exp. Clin. Res., 9, 813 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Desfuroyl Ceftiofur Dimer is an impurity of the drug Ceftiofur (C244695), a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.<br>References Donaldson, S.C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3940 (2006); Yancey, R.J. et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Eribulin binds microtubules, halts cancer cell growth, treating metastatic breast cancer.</p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Terbinafine (T107500).<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of carboxylic acid.<br>References Bardsley, W., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971), Kim, J., et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69, 1331 (2005), Kopka, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 312 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphocholine ester metabolite of the immunosuppressant macrolide SDZ RAD (also known as Everolimus E945400) which is an analog of the parent drug Rapamycin (R124000).<br>References Zollinger, M. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 36, 1457 (2008); Kovarik, J. M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 69, 48 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Azithromycin-d5, is the labeled analogue Azithromycin (A927000), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; related to Erythromycin A. Antibacterial.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Rifampicin.<br>References Blumenfeld,O.O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2472 (1961), Cowxan, R.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 23, 799 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications Posaconazole intermediate. Antifungal agent.<br>References Ator, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 100 (1992), Andriole, V., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 44, 151 (1999), Beuchet, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9, 1599 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lasalocid is an anticancer supplement agent comprising of polyether antibiotic for treating brain tumors, also inhibits mitochondrial GPD2 activity and elicits anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.<br>References Singh, G., et al.: Pharmaceuticals, 7, 192 (2014); Choi, G. S., et al.: Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2015), KR 2015033201 A 20150401<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Dajan, A., et al.: Vet. Microbiol., 35, 213 (1993), Becker, M., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 520, 19 (2004), El-Shaboury, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 45, 1 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Terbinafine is used to treat infections caused by a fungus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications 3”-O-Demethyl Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 25-Deacetyl-21-acetyl Rifampicin is a structural isomer, and impurity, of Rifampicin (R508000), a semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications A selective HIV protease inhibitor. An analogue of Ritonavir.<br>References Adkins, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 55, 837 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications (Z)-Desbutyl Lumefantrine is a metabolite of Lumefantrine (L474000).<br>References Lefevre, G., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 54, 485 (2002); Schepers, U., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 310 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity G<br>Applications 3’-N-Desmethyl-3’-N-tosyl Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity G) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity.<br>References Kirst, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33, 1419 (1989), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Spinetoram J is a component of Spinetoram (S683650), a compound that belongs to the spinosyn family of insecticides and shows potential of natural products research. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kirst H. A.: J. Antibiot., 63, 101-111 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3’-N-Didesmethyl-3’-N-tosyl Azithromycin is a derivative of Azithromycin (A927000, dihydrate) which is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cycloserine. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Lamb., J.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 53 (1972), Gentry-Weeks, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 7298 (1993), Alexander, F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 953 (1994), Auger, S., et al.: Biochimie, 87, 231 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ester analog of Rapamycin.<br>References Raymond, E., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 22, 2336 (2004), Galanis, E., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 5294 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity I<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N’-Desmethyl Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity I) is a metabolite of Azithromycin (A927000) as potential anti-infective, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and prokinetic agent.<br>References Bright, G., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 1029 (1988), Goldman, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 426 (1990), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Penicillamine is a metabolite of penicillin. L-Penicillamine is used in the treatment of Wilson’s disease, Cystinuria, Scleroderma and arsenic poisoning.<br>References Marti-Prats, L., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 483, 143 (2010), Singh, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 99, 3931 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pipecolic acid is involved in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The l-form occurs in plants.<br>References Nomura Y., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 6, 391 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Florfenicol is a fluorinated derivative of thiamphenicol. Florfenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosome 50S and 70S subunits. Florfenicol is used as an antibacterial.<br>References Kim, E and Aoki, T.: Microbiol. Immunol., 40, 665, (1996), Keyes, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 421 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as an antibacterial agent. LD50 &gt;5000 mg/kg for oral administration to rats.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Nebramine is a degradation product of the antibiotic Tobramycin (T524000).<br>References Brandl, M. et al.: Drug Dev. Indust. Pharm., 18, 1423 (1992); Ghinami, C. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1139, 52 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mupirocin EP impurity C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens.<br>References Banks, R.M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 609 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Validamycin A (&gt;70%) Hydrochloride Salt is a metabolite of Validamycin A (&gt;70%) (V943430) which is an antibiotic fungicide that inhibits trehalase activity in plants, insects, and fungi.<br></p>

<p>Applications Non-absorbable semisynthetic Rifamycin antibiotic.<br>References Brufani, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1611 (1984), Gillis, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 49, 467 (1995), Huang, D.B., et al.: J. Infection, 50, 97 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid is a prototype of the oxazolidinone antimicrobials; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation.<br>References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996), Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996), Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998), Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloramphenicol-d5, is the labeled analogue of Chloramphenicol (C325030), which has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is also antibacterial, and antirickettsial.<br>References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tacrolimus Hydrate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ogasawara, M., et al.: Mod. Rheumatol., 22, 831-836 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A key intermediate in the manufacturing of Cephalosporin compounds.<br>References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibio., 50, 279 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amikacin (A578500) impurity C (EP).<br>References Naito, T., et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 297 (1973), Weber, A., et al.: Clin. Microbiol., 21, 419 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Fumagillin is a compound isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Fumagillin is an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of microsporidiosis. Fumagillin shows promise as both an an anti-infective and antiangiogenic agent.<br>References Molina, J.M. et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 346, 1963 (2002); Hou, L. et al.: Pathol. Int., 59, 448 (2009); Ingber, D. et al.: Nature, 348, 555 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications Anidulafungin, is a semisynthetic echinocandin that inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme important in the formation of (1→3)-β-D-glucan, a major fungal cell wall component, and thus is used as antifungal drug.<br>References Denning, D. W., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 40, 611 (1997); Vazquez, J. A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 27(6), 657 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmycosin is a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic and a metabolite of Tylosin (T947650). Desmycosin is also a precursor to Tilmicosin (T440500).<br>References Wal, J.M. et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 687 (1973); Hu, D. et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 26, 884 (2007); Min, Y. et al.: Proc. Biochem., 42, 729 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications ∆2-Ceftazidime, 90% (Ceftazidime EP Impurity A) is a Ceftazidime isomer, an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100).<br>References Vilanova, B., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 76, 2789 (1993), Zhou, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 534 (1995), Baertschi, S., et al.: Chemother. 8, 353 (1997), Porra, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 18, 241 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive<br>Applications N-Formyl-3-mercaptovaline acts as a reagent in the preparation of derivatives of D-penicillamine as potential antiarthritic agents.<br>References Reich, M. F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 1167 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid N-Oxide-D3 is a labelled analogue of Linezolid N-oxide (L466530). Linezolid N-oxide is a derivative of Linezolid (L466500), an oxazolidinone antimicrobial that is used to treat infections against gram-positive bacteria, especially those that are drug-resistant (such as Vancomycin [HCl: V096500] resistant enterococci). Linezolid works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.<br>References Dennis, L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002); Clemett, D. &amp; Markham, A.: Drugs, 59, 815 (2000); Gonzales, R., et al.: Lancet, 357, 1179 (2001); Tsiodras, S., et al.: Lancet, 358, 207 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ivermectin B1a is a major component of Ivermectin (I940800), a semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin; consists of a mixture of not less than 80% component B1a and not more than 20% component B1b. Antihelmintic (Onchocerca). An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);; Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Polyene antifungal antibiotic.<br>References Levinskas, G.J., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 8, 97 (1966), Pandey, R.C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 29, 1035 (1976), Brik, H., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 399 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Linezolid USP Related Compound D<br>Applications (5R)-3-[3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-[[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]methyl]-2-oxazolidinone (Linezolid USP Related Compound D) is an intermediate in the synthesis of Linezolid Dimer (L466520), an impurity of the antibacterial agent Linezolid (L466500).<br>References Xu, Heteroatom, Chem., 19, 316 (2008); Wang, J.W., et al.: Lett. Org. Chem., 5, 336 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tacrolimus 8-Propyl Analog (USP)<br>Applications A novel analog of FK-506 (F370000) macrocycle.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kino, T., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 1249 (1987), Motamedi, H., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 178, 5243 (1996), Dai, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 34, 836 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits hemozoin formation. Antimalarial.<br>References Kumar, N., et al.: Parasitol Res., 76, 214 (1990), Pradines, B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 418 (1999), Chotivanich, K., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 182, 629 (2000), Mutabingwa, T., et al.: Lancet, 365, 1474 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mupirocin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mupirocin (M794000) impurity. The rearrangement isomer of Mupirocin is prepared using an enzyme-catalyzed, selective deesterification.<br>References Sime, J.T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 28, 5169 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Meropenem-d6 is the labeled analogue of Meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Adams, M.D., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 8053 (2008); Pattanaik, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 945 (2009); Mendes, R., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 63, 55 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ledipasvir is most commonly used in combination with sofosbuvir for treatment in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. It inhibits an important viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, which is involved in viral replication, assembly, and secretion.<br>References Lawitz, E., et al.: J. Hepatol., 57, 24 (2012); Afdhal, N., et al.: New England J. Med., 370, 1889 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Lactobionate is an antibiotic used to reduce the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria as well as keeping constant the efficacy of other antibacterial drugs.<br>References Kiso, S. et al.: Anticanc. Res., 20, 2827 (2000); Broad, J. et al.: Brit. J. Pharm., 168,1859 (2013); Itoh, Z., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863(1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin (M745000) impurity.<br>References Martel, A., et al.: Drugs Fut., 22, 109 (1997), Tobin, C., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 278 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A fungal metabolite which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Endo, A., et al.: FEBS Letters, 72, 323 (1976), Endo, A.: J. Med. Chem., 28, 401 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled enatiomeric analogue of the antimicrobial agent Thiamphenicol (T344160).<br>References Gal, J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 77, 1062 (1988); Martin, J. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 96, 215 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Desfuroyl Ceftiofur-related metabolite that have the potential to be microbiologic active in swine muscle, kidney, liver and fat.<br>References Gilbertson, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 229 (1995), Olson, S., et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 21, 112 (1998), Hornish, R., et al.: Curr. Top Med. Chem., 2, 717 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-Oxide is related to Rifapentine(R508500) a compound with antibacterial properties.<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications CP 1282 is the tautomer of the antibiotic Cefotetan (C242970) with similar degradation rates.<br>References Koshiro, A. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 1864 (1989); Naber, K. et al.: Zeitsch. Antmickrob. Antineoplast. Chemother., 2, 161 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin.<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Rifampamycin (R508000).<br></p>

<p>Applications Semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>