Glicoscienza

<p>1,2-O-Isopropylidene-a-D-glucofuranose (IPDF) is a natural compound that has been isolated from the leaves of the plant Cinnamomum camphora. IPDF has been shown to have biological properties such as inhibiting hl-60 cells and inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. The metabolic rate of IPDF was studied in isolated hearts and it was found that the compound slows fatty acid oxidation. The enzyme substrate specificity of IPDF was also tested by adding trifluoroacetic acid, which yielded no reaction.</p>

<p>5-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose is a synthetic compound that is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. This drug has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids and other biological molecules such as amino acids and proteins. 5-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene ribofuranose is used in organic chemistry as a chiral analog for naturally occurring compounds such as adenosine. 5BPSSIROdR inhibits the enzyme adenosine deaminase by binding to its active site and preventing it from converting adenosine into inosine.</p>

<p>1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-galactopyranose, also known as diacetone-D-galactose and galactose diacetonide, is a partially protected monosaccharide building block with isopropylidene groups on the 1,2 and 3,4 hydroxyls. The 6-hydroxyl is unprotected and able to undergo a variety of chemical transformations, such as glycosylation acting as a glycosyl acceptor to form 1,6-linked disaccharides.</p>

This peracetylated tri-b-GalNAcAc3-NHCbz, a triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand with protected functionalities, serves as a valuable building block for ASGPR-targeted therapies. Its three branches or arms, each ending in a GalNAc sugar, ensure strong binding to hepatocyte ASGPR. However, the key feature lies in its protective groups: acetylated sugars allow for controlled removal to expose reactive sites for conjugation, while the Cbz-protected amine provides stability and can be selectively cleaved to introduce a reactive amine group for further biomolecule attachment, ultimately enabling researchers to tailor Tri-b-GalNAcAc3-NHCbz into customized conjugates for specific therapeutic applications.

<p>Fully acetylated cellohexoses, part of a polymer homologous series of oligosaccharides isolated from cellulose by acetolysis followed by chromatography.</p>

<p>Undecyl b-D-glucopyranoside is a potentiometer that can be used in fields such as modification and implementation. This compound has been shown to be stable and efficient, with a result that is implemented.</p>

<p>Dodecyl maltoside (DDM) is a non-ionic detergent that consists of a hydrophilic maltose head and a hydrophobic long chain alkyl tail. It has a relatively low critical micelle concentration of 0.17 mM and is considered a gentle but powerful detergent. DDM is often the best tool for solubilising/crystallising membrane proteins. Membrane proteins usually have α-helical structures that are easily destroyed when the protein is released from its membrane environment. DDM can often preserve these structures during the solubilisation. In addition, membrane proteins can often be renatured when isolated with DDM.</p>

N-Decanoyl-N-methylglucamine is a fatty acid that is used as a cationic surfactant in detergents and cleaning products. It has been shown to have conformational properties that can be influenced by the acyl chain length. N-Decanoyl-N-methylglucamine has also been shown to bind to antibodies and other proteins, which may lead to antibody response or changes in their conformation. N-Decanoyl-N-methylglucamine binds to receptors on cells, triggering cell lysis and monoclonal antibody production. The optimum pH for this chemical is between 5 and 6, and it has been shown to undergo titration calorimetry at temperatures greater than 100°C.

Custom synthesis, Modification, Fluorination, Methylation, Monosaccharide, CAS No. 160168-40-1, Click modification, Oligosaccharide, Synthetic, saccharide, Polysaccharide, Glycosylation, sugar

<p>Octanoyl D-glucopyranoside is a potent inhibitor of histidine-mediated endocytosis and the activation of NF-κB signaling in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. It has also been shown to inhibit viral replication by adenovirus. Octanoyl D-glucopyranoside inhibits the activity of several enzymes, including protein kinase C (PKC), nf-kappa B (NF-κB), and photolyase, which are all involved in inflammation. This compound also inhibits transcription, polymerization, and genotype expression. Octanoyl D-glucopyranoside has been shown to be effective against necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β).</p>

<p>Non-ionic detergent; solubilises membrane-bound proteins</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cyclohexylheptyl b-D-maltoside is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that inhibits the growth of human pathogens and some cancers. It has been shown to bind to the active site of the enzyme DNA methyltransferase, thereby inhibiting DNA methylation. Cyclohexylheptyl b-D-maltoside also binds to basic fibroblast cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis by preventing RNA polymerase from binding to ribosomes. Cyclohexylheptyl b-D-malto sugar also has an effect on human serum albumin, with x-ray diffraction data showing that it binds reversibly in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio.</p>

<p>Decyl b-D-thiomaltopyranoside is a glycosylation product of the monosaccharide, maltose. It is a complex carbohydrate that consists of two glucose molecules linked by alpha (1-4) glycosidic bonds. Decyl b-D-thiomaltopyranoside has been modified with methyl groups and fluorine atoms. This product is CAS No. 148565-56-4, and it can be custom synthesized to meet your specifications. The purity of this product ranges from 98% to 99%.</p>

<p>Dodecyl b-D-cellobioside is a surfactant that has been shown to form lamellar phases at low temperatures and high concentrations. It is primarily used as a stabilizer for emulsions, such as in ice cream, where it prevents the separation of fats and water. Dodecyl b-D-cellobioside is also known to be involved in the formation of bilayers, which are made up of one layer of hydrophobic molecules and one layer of hydrophilic molecules. This surfactant can exist as two conformations: a lyotropic phase with short chains (lamellar) or a synthetic phase with long chains (spreading). The lamellar phase is more stable than the synthetic phase because it has more contact with water. The lyotropic phase would be useful in an environment where water is scarce, like in outer space.</p>

Octyl 3,6-di-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is an anti-infective agent that belongs to the functional group of mannosides. It is used as a model system for investigating the inhibitory effects of chemical structures on enzymatic activity. Octyl 3,6-di-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside has been shown to have inhibitory effects on alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. The octyl 3,6 di O-(a D mannopyranosyl) b D mannopyranoside molecule can be broken down into two parts: octyl 3,6 di O-(a D mannopyranosyl) b D mannose and octyl 6 b D manno pyranose. The octyl 6 b D manno pyr

<p>Octyl glucose neopentyl glycol is a ubiquitin ligase inhibitor that prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins. It has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. Octyl glucose neopentyl glycol has been used to study the role of cytosolic proteins in emphysema. It was found that octyl glucose neopentyl glycol inhibits the production of these proteins by preventing the interaction between an ubiquitin-like protein and its substrate, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Octyl glucose neopentyl glycol also inhibits cancer cells by blocking fatty acid synthase, which is necessary for cell proliferation. This inhibitor can be used as a structural probe to determine enzyme-substrate interactions, such as those that occur with bacterial strain and protein synthesis. It can also be used to study the structure of proteins by exposing them to light or using inhibitors drugs.</p>

<p>Octadecylthioethyl 4-O-(4-O[6-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl]-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a methylated, fluorinated complex carbohydrate that has been custom synthesized. It is an oligosaccharide with a saccharide and monosaccharides. The chemical name for this compound is 2-[2-(2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13) -octadecylthioethyl] -1-[(6Z)-6-[(4Z)-4-[(4E)-4-(3S)-3-[(R)-1-(2S) -2-(2S) -3-(2S) -5(R) -5(R) -5(R) -</p>

<p>Nonyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a new type of cycle control method that has been developed for the stabilization of dynamically coordinated systems. It is based on the observation that stable cycles can be generated by coordinating the system with an electrode. The power consumption of this control method is lower than that of other methods, which makes it suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and low power consumption.</p>

<p>Octyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a galactose derivative of octyl 4-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside. It has been used to immobilize the enzyme phospholipase A2 in an exothermic reaction. This product is a white solid that is soluble in water. Octyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to be effective against mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not against other bacteria. This product may be useful for the treatment of mycobacterial infections because it exhibits excisional activity and can cleave phospholipid membranes.</p>

<p>Hexyl b-D-maltopyranoside is a biopharmaceutical that is used in drug development. It is used as a ligand for the μ-opioid receptor, which is a class of opioid receptors that are activated by morphine and endogenous peptides such as endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins. This ligand can be immobilized on a surface for use in immunoassays or other methods of detection. Hexyl b-D-maltopyranoside has been shown to have pharmacological effects in animal studies, although it has not yet been approved for clinical use in humans.</p>

<p>Octyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester is a synthetic molecule that can be used for a variety of purposes, including modification, fluorination, methylation and monosaccharide synthesis. This product is also available in various concentrations. Click modification, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are all possible uses for this product. Octyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester has been shown to have many applications, such as glycosylation and sugar synthesis. This product has been shown to be useful in the production of complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>Octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (OG), also known as octyl glucoside or caprylyl glucoside, is an alkylglycoside non-ionic detergent that is one of the most commonly used reagents in membrane protein isolation. As it is uncharged, OG is unlikely to cause protein denaturation or refolding issues, allowing for the isolation of intact macromolecular complexes without affecting protein-protein interactions. It forms small, uniformed micelles and has an aggregation number of between 27-100. It is readily dialyzable from membrane protein preparations due to its high Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of 18-20 mM. Octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has similar uses and properties to that of another frequently used surfactant, Octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside.</p>

<p>1,6-Anhydro-N,N’-diacetylchitobiose is an anhydrosugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides</p>

<p>Nonyl b-D-maltopyranoside is a high purity custom synthesis sugar. The CAS number is 106402-05-5 and the molecular weight is 396.2 g/mol. This product has been synthesized using Click modification, Fluorination, Glycosylation, Synthetic, Methylation, Modification, Oligosaccharide, Monosaccharide and saccharide. This product can be used in the preparation of complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>Non-ionic detergent</p>

<p>4-Aminophenyl b-D-lactopyranoside is a chemical compound that has been used to optimize the production of human immunoglobulin. It has been shown to have diagnostic value for several viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. Electron microscopic studies have revealed organisms agglutinated by 4-aminophenyl b-D-lactopyranoside. The receptor binding properties and antigen concentration of this compound have been determined using agglutinin and lectin techniques. This molecule also has inhibitory potency on the synthesis of polypeptides, which are essential for the growth of certain organisms.</p>

<p>Dodecyl maltoside (DDM), also known as lauryl maltoside, is a non-ionic surfactant that consists of a hydrophilic maltose head and a hydrophobic long chain alkyl tail. It has a relatively low critical micelle concentration of 0.17 mM and is considered a gentle but powerful detergent. DDM is often the best tool for solubilising/crystallising membrane proteins. Membrane proteins usually have α-helical structures that are easily destroyed when the protein is released from its membrane environment. DDM can often preserve these structures during the solubilisation. In addition, membrane proteins can often be renatured when isolated with DDM.</p>

<p>Applications N,N’,N’’-Triacetyl Chitotriose is a multivalent glycosides with strong crosslinking activity for lectin as a specific coagulant.<br>References Bhattacharyya, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 29, 7523 (1990), Sacchettini, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 40, 3009 (2001), Maierhofer, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 7661 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP)<br>Applications Capecitabine (C175650) impurity. Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP).<br></p>

<p>Applications Trigalacturonic Acid, is the product of polygalacturonic acid degradation. The mixture of Oligogalacturonic Acids has shown to have shoot growth in cockscomb (Celosia argentea L.) seedlings.<br>References Suzuki, T., et al.: J. Plant Growth Reg., 21, 209 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,6-O-Benzylidene-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (cas# 420118-03-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-O-(α-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose (cas# 13168-24-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Abramenko, I.V., et al.: Tsitologiya, 35 (5), 91 (1993), Kelly, R.F., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 10 (3), 615 (1993), Stortz, C.A., et al.: J. Carbohydr. Chem., 13 (2), 235 (1994), Neethling, F.A., et al.: Transplantation, 57 (6), 959 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-N-[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-ε-aminocaproyl]-β-D-glucopyranosylamine (cas# 56146-89-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate used in the addition of protected Glucopyranuronic Acid.<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Fucose is a hexose deoxy sugar found on N-linked glycans that appears on the cell surface of mammalian and plant cells. D-Fucose is also the building block of fucoidan polysaccharide, an sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae.<br>References Becker, D.J., et al.: Glycobiol., 13, 41 (2003); Denkova, R., et al.: Food. Environ. Safe., 11, 5 (2012); Janathan, M.C., et al.: Carb. Poly., 93, 232 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Spiramycin Embonate is an antibiotic that is used in biological studies in the role of multidrug resistance of Strenotrophomonas maltophilia.<br>References Huang, Y., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 68, 1987 (2013); Poole, K., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 21, 713 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications Propylene Glycol β-D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid Benzyl Ester 2,3,4-Triacetate-d6 s an intermediate in the synthesis of Isotope labelled Propylene Glycol 2-Glucuronide which is a metabolite of propylene glycol, used in the synthesis of N-terminal kinase inhibitors with cellular activity. Acts as a solvent for various pharmaceutical compounds.<br>References Szczepankiewicz, B. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 3563 (2006); Mateus, R. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 444, 106 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive, Hygroscopic - Store Refridgerated<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of PugNAc (Cat. No. A15725), an inhibitor of glucosamidase.<br>References Beer, D., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta., 73, 1918 (1990), Horsch, M., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 197, 815 (1991), Horsch, M., et al.: J. Enzyme Inhib., 7, 47 (1993),Horsch, M., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 237, 476 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucal is a benzyl protected, 2,3 unsaturated glucal used as a chiral intermediate. The C2-C3 double bond of the pyranose ring can be modified via a variety of reactions including: hydrogenation, oxidation, hydroxylation, and aminohydroxylation, to generate structural complexity. 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucal also minimizes tedious protecting-group strategies required for fully oxygenated sugars. The products of 2,3 unsaturated glycosides as chiral intermediates have played a role in the synthesis of many biologically active compounds, such as, nucleosides and modified sugar derivatives.</p>

<p>Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide containing repeating disaccharide units of β-1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and β-1, 4-glucuronic acid. A series of unsaturated oligosaccharides (oligouronic acids) are released from hyaluronic acid by the action of hyaluronidase on the umbilical cord (Weissman, 1954). This octasaccharide ammonium salt and other enzymatically produced polymer homologs have been of value in the study of hyaluronic acid metabolism in both healthy and diseased tissues (Hascall, 2019).</p>

<p>Laricitrin-3,7,5'-tri-O-glucoside is a fine chemical that can be used as a versatile building block. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of many complex compounds and useful scaffolds. Laricitrin-3,7,5'-tri-O-glucoside has been shown to react with other chemicals in order to form new compounds. This compound also has potential applications in research as a reaction component or speciality chemical. Laricitrin-3,7,5'-tri-O-glucoside has high purity and quality and is available at a reasonable price.</p>

Starch is an energy storing polysaccharide produced by higher plants and some algae. Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of polysaccharide: the linear and helical amylose (α-1,4-linked glucose) and the branched amylopectin (α-1,4 and α-1,6-linked glucose). Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight.

Blood group H pentaose type II is a carbohydrate. It is a saccharide with the molecular formula C5H11O4. The saccharide can be modified, for example by fluorination, methylation and glycosylation. The CAS number for this compound is 30517-76-1. This product is custom synthesized and has high purity and good quality.

<p>1,4-Anhydro-D-mannitol is a sugar alcohol that belongs to the group of alditols. It is a tautomer of galactitol, which is found in fetal bovine serum. The dehydrated form of this compound has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. 1,4-Anhydro-D-mannitol may be used as an intermediate in the production of polymers or as a cosmeceutical agent due to its high water solubility and low toxicity.</p>

Lipopolysaccharides are a heterogeneous group of molecules that include endotoxins, lipid A, and core oligosaccharide. They are released from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria as a result of bacterial lysis. Lipopolysaccharides are potent activators of immune cells, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). TNF-α is also known to induce the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12. Lipopolysaccharides have been shown to cause liver damage in animals by increasing plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. This may also be due to their ability to induce the production of malondialdehyde and c-reactive protein.

1-Deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose is a drug that has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the production of dinitrophenol, leading to a decrease in the level of reactive oxygen species. The drug binds to lysine residues of proteins and forms adducts with physiological function. 1-Deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose also inhibits human serum albumin concentration, which may be due to its ability to inhibit oxidative DNA damage. This drug has been shown to be effective in vivo for treating autoimmune diseases and diabetes.

<p>Building block for DNA-related organic synthesis</p>

<p>DL-Xylose is a sugar that belongs to the group of pentoses. It contains a hydroxyl group at the C2 position and an aldehyde group at the C1 position. DL-Xylose is found in plants, animals, and bacteria. The gene sequence analysis of the type strain of DL-xylose showed that it has a fatty acid composition of 0.5% and protocatechuic acid composition of 0.7%. Dry weight analysis on swiss-webster mice fed with DL-xylose as the only carbon source showed that this sugar can provide up to 30% of energy requirements for these mice.</p>

<p>Silodosin O-beta-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of silodosin, a drug used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. It is the glucuronide conjugate of silodosin and its presence in plasma can be quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The solvents used in HPLC are acetonitrile and ammonium formate. The chromatographic separation is achieved with a mobile phase consisting of an organic solvent (acetonitrile) and an ion pairing agent (ammonium formate) that interacts with the analyte and forms an ion pair. The sensitivity of HPLC for this analyte can be improved by using deuterated solvents.</p>

<p>Benzoate is a carboxylic acid that is found in many fruits and vegetables. Benzoate can be metabolized by the body to form hydrogen chloride, which may cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. This chemical has been shown to have cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells in vitro. Benzoate also has an anti-inflammatory effect on insulin resistance and can be used as a topical treatment for psoriasis. The mechanism by which benzoate exerts its anticancer activity is not fully understood, but it may involve the production of reactive oxygen species or induction of apoptosis.</p>

<p>Digalacturonic acid (DGA) (α-1,4 galacturonobiose), is derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis. It is used in the co-crystallization of enzymes such as proteinase K. It is also used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate, and characterized endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s), and gluconase(s).</p>

<p>This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

Ethyl cellulose is similar in structure to methyl cellulose with ethyl replacing the methyl groups. It is approved for use in regulated markets such as food and pharmaceuticals. In pharmaceuticals it can mask the taste of bitter actives, enhance the strength and appearance of tablets and capsules, and enable controlled release formulations. In food products it functions as a binder, film former and flavour fixative.

<p>This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.</p>

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

Benzoic acid-acyl-b-D-glucuronide is a β-glucuronide linker that is cleaved by β-glucuronidase enzymes. This allows controlled release of the payload to the targeted cells.

<p>Fructo-octasaccharide (FOS) is a synthetic, high-purity carbohydrate that is used in the production of various food and beverage products. FOS is produced by enzymatic synthesis from sucrose and has been modified to include a fluorination step. FOS can be used as a sugar substitute and is found in many foods such as breads, beverages, yogurt, ice cream, candy, and chewing gum. FOS has been shown to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and may help promote healthy digestion.</p>

Lewis Y tetrasaccharide is a type of antigen that is used as a pharmacological agent. It has been shown to be effective in treating carcinoma cell lines and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Lewis Y tetrasaccharide has also been shown to be an antigen for the mouse monoclonal antibody, which is used in cancer research. The Lewis Y tetrasaccharide stimulates the immune system by interacting with certain cells called dendritic cells and macrophages, which are responsible for activating T-cells. This interaction promotes the production of chemoattractant proteins, which are proteins that attract white blood cells to fight infection and promote healing. Lewis Y tetrasaccharide has also been shown to cause cancer cell death by lysing cells through apoptosis or necrosis depending on the tissue type.

<p>Sustainable solvent used widely in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations</p>

UDP-L-galactose diammonium salt is a modification of the sugar UDP-galactose. It is an oligosaccharide that is found in glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is synthesized by the addition of a methyl group to the galactose ring and a fluorine atom to the hydroxyl group on carbon 4. UDP-L-galactose diammonium salt is used as a synthetic sugar in laboratory settings, although it can also be found in nature. This compound has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

<p>Trans-zeatin-7-glucoside is an abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite that can be found in plant tissue. It is used as a natural product to regulate growth and development. Trans-zeatin-7-glucoside has been shown to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins, which are plant hormones that promote cell elongation. This compound is purified from plant tissues by chromatographic methods, such as reversed phase HPLC or ion exchange chromatography. The sample preparation involves extraction with a solvent such as methanol or chloroform followed by purification on an analytical column. Immunoaffinity chromatography is also used for sample preparation, which involves binding to antibody molecules on the surface of a solid support material. Trans-zeatin-7-glucoside can be detected using analytical methods such as gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Trans-zeatin-7-</p>

<p>L-Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol that is found in various natural products, such as fruits and vegetables. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is an opportunistic pathogen of human and animal cells. L-Sorbitol can be used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. This compound has also been shown to prevent dehydration in bacteria by acting as an osmotic agent. The effect of L-sorbitol on the growth of bacteria depends on the pH of the environment in which it is dissolved. The optimum pH for this compound is 7.5</p>

<p>Amylopectin is composed of between 2,000 to 200,000 glucose residues linked α (1→4) with α (1→6) branching. The molecule is highly branched, every 24 to 30 glucose units, resulting in a soluble molecule with many terminal residues. Starch is made of about 70% amylopectin by weight, though it varies depending on the source (higher in medium-grain rice to 100% in glutinous rice, waxy potato starch, waxy corn, and lower in long-grain rice, amylomaize, and russet potatoes).</p>

<p>Dextran sulphate is a dextran derivative whose ulcer (colitis) -causing properties were first reported in hamsters and extrapolated a few years later to mice and rats. The exact mechanisms through which dextran sulphate induces intestinal inflammation are unclear but may be the result of direct damage of the monolayer of epithelial cells in the colon, leading to the crossing of intestinal contents (for e.g. commensal bacteria and their products) into underlying tissue and therefore induction of inflammation.  The dextran sulphate sodium induced ulceration model in laboratory animals has some advantages, when compared to other animal models of colitis, due to its simplicity and similarities to human inflammatory bowel disease.</p>

<p>Tetraose composed of four N-acetylglucosamine residues.</p>

<p>Methyl β-L-arabinopyranoside is a monomer that is used for the synthesis of polymers. It has been shown to be an effective polymerization catalyst, with long-term stability and good storage properties. Methyl β-L-arabinopyranoside has been used in gas chromatographic analysis as an analyte to identify hydroxy groups, although it may also interfere with the detection of certain other analytes. This monomer is often used in the production of plastics and rubbers because it enhances bonding between rubber molecules and plasticizers. Methyl β-L-arabinopyranoside has also been shown to have tailing enhancements and extracts that are due to hydroxy groups, which can lead to signal enhancement in gas chromatography. Additives such as ammonium acetate can be added if there is a need to increase sensitivity or reduce tailing effects.</p>

<p>Fructodecasaccharide is a methylated, custom-synthesized oligosaccharide that is a polysaccharide with the molecular formula C10H17O11. Fructodecasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a monosaccharide and two disaccharides. It has been modified to include fluorine atoms in the glycosidic linkages between the sugar residues. This modification can alter the physical properties of fructodecasaccharide, such as increasing its solubility and stabilizing its structure. Fructodecasaccharide is used in many industries as a high-purity, synthetic product for use in medical applications, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.</p>

<p>Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) derivative with a hydrophilic exterior and lipophilic cavity (smaller than β-CDs and γ-CDs) to allocate certain guest molecules. This structural characteristic enables applications in molecular encapsulation, solubility enhancement, and stabilization across multiple industries. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a drug delivery vehicle, enhancing the bioavailability and stability of active ingredients. The food industry utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, as well as a functional ingredient for its effects on lipid metabolism. In cosmetics, it acts as a complex agent for fragrances and active components. Its applications extend to analytical chemistry for chiral separation and to materials science for developing smart materials and nanosystems.</p>

<p>The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is located in the cytosol of cells, catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde. In this reaction, a hydrogen ion (H+) is abstracted from ethanol and two electrons (e-) are added to the molecule. The addition of these electrons results in the formation of a hydrogen bond between the alcohol and an electron-donating species such as water or octyl glucopyranoside. Octyl glucopyranoside is a detergent that has been used as a substrate for measuring rates of alcohol dehydrogenase. This detergent also has been shown to be effective at removing glycol ethers from biological samples.<br>The biochemical research on octyl glucopyranoside includes its use as an equilibrative nucleoside and its effect on bowel disease.</p>

N-Acetylneuraminic acid tetramer sodium salt is a synthetic carbohydrate that belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates. It is a glycosylation product of N-acetylneuraminic acid and has been modified with fluorine, methylation, and click chemistry. N-Acetylneuraminic acid tetramer sodium salt is used as a reagent in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and has been shown to be useful for structural analysis. The CAS number for this compound is:

<p>6'-Sialyllactose-sp-biotin is a custom synthesis of a 6'-sialyllactose with a biotin moiety attached to the reducing end. The modification was done through fluorination, methylation, and monosaccharide synthesis. This product has CAS No. 1384441-62-6 and is an oligosaccharide saccharide that is polysaccharide containing glycosylated sugar. It is also a complex carbohydrate that contains many sugars in one molecule.</p>

<p>N-Glycolylneuraminic acid-spacer-BSA is a synthetic, monosaccharide oligosaccharide, complex carbohydrate. The glycosylation of BSA with N-glycolylneuraminic acid has been shown to be an effective method for the protection of biomolecules against fluoroquinolones. Glycosylation with N-glycolylneuraminic acid can be used as a method for the protection of biomolecules from fluoroquinolone antibiotics and other chemical reagents that are known to react with sugars.</p>

<p>Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) derivative with a hydrophilic exterior and lipophilic cavity (smaller than β-CDs and γ-CDs) to allocate certain guest molecules. This structural characteristic enables applications in molecular encapsulation, solubility enhancement, and stabilization across multiple industries. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a drug delivery vehicle, enhancing the bioavailability and stability of active ingredients. The food industry utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, as well as a functional ingredient for its effects on lipid metabolism. In cosmetics, it acts as a complex agent for fragrances and active components. Its applications extend to analytical chemistry for chiral separation and to materials science for developing smart materials and nanosystems.</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>Produced by the reverse hydrolysis of a mannose substrate</p>

<p>Lewis Y-PAA-biotin is a complex carbohydrate which is synthesized using Click chemistry. This compound has been modified to include a biotin moiety. Lewis Y-PAA-biotin has been shown to be resistant to enzymatic degradation and can be used as a saccharide in the synthesis of polysaccharides. Lewis Y-PAA-biotin is synthesized by attaching poly(acrylamide) (PAA) chains to the sugar moieties of Lewis Y. The carbonyl group on the PAA chains can be fluorinated, which makes it useful for click modification reactions with fluorinated compounds.</p>

<p>Gala1-3Galb1-3GlcNAc-HSA is a synthetic glycosylation product of Galactose, Glucose and Galactosamine with Hexose. It is a complex carbohydrate that can be used to modify proteins with the sugar group. The sugar group is synthesized by the Click modification of a monosaccharide and then methylated. The sugar group is attached to HSA via an N-acetylhexosamine linker. This product has been shown to have high purity and can be used in many applications such as fluorination, methylation, click modification, or complex carbohydrate research.</p>

<p>Tri-guluronic acid sodium salt (1,4-linked α-L-sodium guluronotriose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate which is a polysaccharide in brown seaweeds containing: blocks of repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences. This oligosaccharide can be released by acid hydrolysis (Shimokawa, 1996) and a number of biological activities have been discussed in a recent review (Xing, 2020).</p>