Fluorogenic Substrates

<p>Methylumbelliferyl oleate is a MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting the lipase enzyme</p>

<p>A substrate used for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease C (MPS III C).</p>

<p>PAIRED PRODUCT AVAILABLE: alpha-L-iduronidase Enzyme, FI1793834MU-alpha-L-iduronide-2-sulphate (M2) is a fluorogenic substrate of iduronate-2-sulphatase (IDS), used in a 2-step assay coupled with alpha-L-iduronidase. The assay is used in biochemical testing for Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II / MPS II). In a first step, IDS from biological samples cleaves the sulphate group from M2. In a second step, exogeneous alpha-L-iduronidase which cleaves the 4-MU moiety is added to the reaction, resulting in release of a fluorescent signal (Ex 360 nm / Em 455 nm). The reaction is stopped by the addition of sodium carbonate.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium saltas a substrate for measuring the pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases activity is used for monitoring and diagnosis of pyrophosphatase deficiency and bone metabolism disorder.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-fucosidase activity is used for fucosidosis diagnosis.</p>

<p>FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is a fluorogenic water-soluble substrate for phosphatase enzymes. Its chemical name is 6-Chloro-2-[5-chloro-2-(phosphonooxy)phenyl]-4(1H)-quinazolinone disodium salt and was developed by Molecular Probes in the 1990s. After cleavage of the substrate by phosphatase activity, an insoluble product is formed that is highly fluorescent in the solid state. Upon UV irradiation this very stable fluorophore emits green light in the 530 nm range for an extended period of time. FLsharp™ is a unique substrate - optimized for the detection of phosphatase activity in solid matrices such as agar media, tissue sections or microscopic preparations. FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is used in microbiology as a substrate for bacterial phosphatases.</p>

<p>Fluorescein mono-b-D-galactopyranoside or FMG is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase. The fluorophore fluorescein is released after enzymatic cleavage, exhibiting a greenish fluorescent. This substrate is particularly valuable in gene expression studies (e.g., lacZ reporter assays) and as a probe for cell-based assays for real-time monitoring.</p>

<p>Acetyl-L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin is a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase. The enzyme cleaves the N-terminal amino acids, yielding a blue fluorescent solution.</p>

<p>(+)-Biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid sodium salt, often referred as (+)-biotin PABA, is a fluorogenic substrate used to measure biotinidase activity, especially in newborn screening programs.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for esterase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic cellulose analogue</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate, commonly names as 4-MUP, is a fluorescent probe that binds to lipases, enzymes responsible to assist on the hydrolysis of fats. In diagnosis, 4-MUP is used for screening of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) caused by a deficiency of a single enzyme involved in the metabolism of glycoproteins, lipids or mucopolysaccharides.</p>

<p>L-Histidine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for histidine aminopeptidase.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-deoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 6-deoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the beta-glucosidase activity is used for Gaucher disease diagnosis.</p>

<p>Resorufin b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is used as a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) to study drug metabolism.</p>

<p>A fluorogenic MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting cellulases</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium saltas a substrate for measuring the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Sanfilippo B syndrome screening.</p>

<p>N-alpha-CBZ-L-Arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a Ffluorogenic substrate used in protease activity assays.</p>

<p>The DDAO molecule [7-hydroxy-9H-(1, 3-dichloro-9, 9 dimethylacridin-2-one] is used as a stain and a dye in molecular biology, due to its ability to bind intracellular and extracellular DNA. DDAO galactoside is a fluorogenic substrate for galactosidase.</p>