Oligosaccharides

<p>Erlose is a trisaccharide (b-D-fructofuranosyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,4)-a-D-glucopyranoside) found in royal jelly and honeys. Erlose has the same sweetening power as sucrose but is less cariogenic.</p>

<p>Produced by the fast pyrolysis of cellulose</p>

<p>Synthetic building block for oligosaccharide synthesis</p>

<p>This compound is generally known as sucralfates and are medications primarily taken to treat active duodenal ulcers. They are also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stress ulcers.  Sucralfate is a sucrose sulfate-aluminium complex that binds to the ulcer, creating a physical barrier that protects the gastrointestinal tract from stomach acid and prevents the degradation of mucus. It also promotes bicarbonate production and acts like an acid buffer with cytoprotective properties.</p>

<p>Lewis Y pentasaccharide is a carbohydrate antigen that is expressed on the surface of cells in the cancer, tissue and lymphatic system. It has been shown to be a polyvalent carbohydrate ligand for lectins, which are proteins that bind carbohydrates. Lewis Y pentasaccharide has a high affinity for erythrocytes of blood group A and B, which makes it useful as an antigen for detection of these blood groups. The binding of Lewis Y pentasaccharide to glycolipids on tumor cells initiates complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by activating the classical pathway of the immune system. CDC can be used as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.</p>

<p>Detergent used for the solubilization of membrane proteins.  Important for the solubilization is the detergent-to-protein ratio. At low ratios (1:10) the membranes are lysed and large complexes of are formed containing protein, detergent, and membrane lipids. With progressively larger ratios smaller complexes are obtained. Finally, at ratios of 10:1 to 20:1 individual detergent-protein complexes are formed free of membrane lipids. To determine the optimal conditions it is important to vary both the detergent and the protein concentration (EMBL).</p>

<p>Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system</p>

<p>Gangliotetraose (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) is the core tetrasaccharide found in many gangliosides, such as, GM1 (Ledeen, 2009). Gangliosides containing gangliotetraose are abundant in mammalian brains, where they can cover 10%–20% of the total ganglioside mixture. They are found in epithelial membranes and are key elements for bacterial toxicity and viral infection, for example, it is the intestinal receptor for cholera toxin, the B-subunits of heat-labile toxin, rotavirus, and simian virus 40. They can function as neurotrophic and neuroprotective compounds, and have been used therapeutically for diabetic and peripheral neuropathies. They bind amyloid-β proteins and are involved in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis (Chiricozzi, 2020).</p>

<p>Ex algal/bacterial polysaccharides-value in b1-3 glucanase assays &amp; diagnostics</p>

<p>Oligosaccharide domain of monosialylated glycosphingolipid GM1 with an α1,2-fucosylated galactose at the nonreducing end. The moluecule is minimally expressed in healthy tissues but has high prevalence in some tumours such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Fucosyl-GM1 ganglioside is a potential tumour marker for SCLC and a potential antigen target for immunotherapy.</p>

<p>Sialylated tetrasaccharide found in human milk, possible health benefits for the neonate by supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development.   Purity typically above 70%.  Contains other oligosaccharide fragments.  For a typical IC trace see datasheet section</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-6-O-(a-2-N-acetylneuraminyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl serine is a monosaccharide sugar that is the terminal sugar at the nonreducing end of the glycosidic linkage in gangliosides. It has been shown to be a marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma and may be used as a prognostic marker. 2-Acetamido-6-O-(a-2-N-acetylneuraminyl)-2-deoxy--aDgalactopyranosyl serine, along with other gangliosides, has been found to be elevated in maternal blood and human serum during bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. This molecule has also been shown to have structural similarities to antigens that are associated with infectious diseases such as malaria.</p>

<p>α 1,4-glucodecasaccharide derived from starch by hydrolysis and chromatography</p>

<p>Bulk sweetener; viscosity/bodying agent; humectant; cryoprotectant</p>

<p>Stachyose hydrate is a methylated, custom-synthesized, click-modified oligosaccharide that is used as a synthetic complex carbohydrate. It is synthesized from the saccharide stachyose by fluorination and modification with methyl groups. This product may be used in biological research or as a fluoropolymer precursor. Stachyose hydrate has been shown to have high purity and can be modified to contain monosaccharides and sugars.</p>

<p>Di-mannuronic acid sodium salt (β-1,4-linked sodium mannuronobiose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate which is a polysaccharide in brown seaweeds containing: blocks of repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences.These oligosaccharides can be released using several methods (Lua, 2015; Yanga, 2004) and claims have been published that mannuronic acid oligosaccharides for example, can be effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, or for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes (USP 8835403B2, 2014).</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-3-O-allyl-b-Dglucopyranoside is a synthetic sugar with a molecular weight of 532. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. It is also used as an intermediate in glycosylation reactions. This product has not been assigned a CAS number yet.</p>

<p>Melezitose is a non-reducing trisaccharide that is produced by many plant sap-consuming insects, such as aphids (e.g. Cinara pilicornis).  Melezitose is a component of honeydew which acts as an attractant for ants and also as food for bees. Partial hydrolysis of melizitose releases glucose and turanose, an isomer of sucrose.</p>

<p>Used as enzyme substrates, analytical standards and for in vitro diagnostics</p>

<p>Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. Reports have suggested that agaropentaose has neuroprotective properties.</p>