Oligosaccharides

Sucralfate is a drug that is used to treat and prevent injury-related inflammation by forming a protective barrier on the lining of the stomach and duodenum. Sucralfate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of infectious diseases, such as viral or bacterial infections, and also for radiation enteritis and ulcerative colitis. Sucralfate may interfere with the absorption of other drugs, such as acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, which are used to treat HIV/AIDS. This drug has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Sucralfate has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

GD3 ganglioside (shown as sodium salt) has a core disaccharide structure (Gal-1,4-Glc) with two sialic acids linked to the non-reducing galactose residue, and ceramide linked to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD3 ganglioside is a minor ganglioside in most normal tissues but plays a crucial role in the development of the brain; its presence is significantly reduced in adults. However, expression of GD3 ganglioside is increased in pathological conditions, such as, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders (Malisan, 2002). GD3 ganglioside was the first cancer-associated ganglioside discovered, that promotes adhesion and invasion of cancers. GD3 ganglioside and GD2 ganglioside are highly expressed in a various malignant cancers and have become potential targets for next-generation cancer therapy (Liu, 2018).

Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. This product has a 13C heavy-label and so can be used in applications such as metabolic tracing and quantitative mass spectrometry.

Methyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranoside is a cell death inducer that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. It is an analog of the natural product bryostatin 1, which has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by binding to a protein called CD97. This compound induces apoptosis by binding to CD97, inhibiting the formation of ATP, and activating caspases. In vitro studies have shown that methyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranoside induces apoptosis in mouse lymphoma cells and human leukemia cells.

Raffinose is the most abundant of the family of oligosaccharides that are alpha-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose (Collins, 2006). The other main member of the group is the tetrasaccharide stachyose. Raffinose is found in sugar beet molasses and whole grains. Soybean oligosaccharides make up approximately 5% of dry matter in whole beans and up to 8% of dry matter in soybean meal. Together raffinose and stachyose rank second only to sucrose in abundance, as water-soluble carbohydrates (Kumar, 2010).

GD2 oligosaccharide is the core trisaccharide structure of the ganglioside GD2 (sodium salt) (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors, including: neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, GD2 ganglioside has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy (Fleurence, 2017).

N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine heptaacetate is a synthetically produced, fluorinated monosaccharide that is used in the production of glycosylations and polysaccharides. N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine heptaacetate can be custom synthesized to meet your needs. This compound is a high purity product.

Leucrose (5-O-a-d-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) is formed by enzymatic synthesis using Leuconostoc mesenteroides in the presence of sucrose.

Lewis Y tetrasaccharide-BSA is a synthetic oligosaccharide that contains Lewis Y, a sugar that is naturally found in human blood. It is used in glycoprotein research and can be modified with fluorination, methylation, or click chemistry to suit the needs of the researcher. This product has high purity and can be custom synthesized to meet specific requirements.