Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

<p>Acid Red 26 is a water-soluble dye that can be used in the textile industry and as an indicator for wastewater treatment. It has been shown to have significant up-regulation in biological samples, such as human serum and human immunoglobulin. Acid Red 26 has been tested for its toxicity in a number of studies, with little evidence of carcinogenic potential. The rate constant is not available for this compound.</p>

<p>Reactive Blue 4 is a reactive dye that is used in the treatment of wastewater. It has been shown to be effective against microbial and fungal infections. Reactive Blue 4 binds to the cell membrane, preventing the transport of ions and other essential components into the cell, leading to its death. The binding mechanism is thought to involve steric interactions and hydrogen bonding. This dye also inhibits enzymes such as benzalkonium chloride and sodium carbonate, which are involved in bacterial processes such as photosynthesis or respiration.</p>

Vat Blue 6 is a reactive dye that can be used in the production of textiles and paper. The name Vat Blue 6 comes from the vat dyeing process, which is a type of textile dyeing. It reacts with sulfonic acids and light exposure to form a hydroxyl group. This reactive dye also has a glycol ester in its molecule, which makes it soluble and more reactive than other types of dyes. Vat Blue 6 is anhydrous and has a diameter between 0.1-0.3 microns, making it small enough to be used as a cross-linking agent or as a particle for surface treatment. Vat Blue 6 has been shown to have high reactivity in the presence of monocarboxylic acids and fatty acids, which are both found in natural fibers such as wool or silk.

<p>Direct Black 38 (DB38) is a carbonate pigment with the chemical formula of Na2CO3. It has been used as a black pigment in paints, textiles, and plastics. DB38 has been shown to be genotoxic, meaning that it can cause mutations in cells by interacting with DNA. DB38 has also been shown to be toxic to animals and humans when ingested or inhaled at high concentrations. DB38 is not mutagenic, meaning that it does not cause genetic changes in cells or organisms. The toxicity of DB38 is dose-dependent: the higher the concentration of DB38, the more toxic it becomes.</p>

Pigment Red 112 is a hydroxylated derivative of the low molecular weight glycol ester, polyethylene glycol. It is used as a control agent in the manufacture of paints and plastics. Pigment Red 112 is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, which makes it useful for coating metal surfaces. It is also water-soluble and can be used to produce transparent coatings. Pigment Red 112 has been shown to inhibit lipid biosynthesis by binding to fatty acids and particle formation due to its chemical crosslinking properties. Pigment Red 112 may cause allergic reactions in some people who are sensitive or have skin conditions such as eczema.

<p>C.I.Reactive Black 5 is a reactive dye that can be used to detect bacterial growth in the presence of sodium carbonate, which is added to the reaction solution at a concentration of 0.1M. The dye has been shown to inhibit enzyme activities, such as nitrogen atoms and anhydrous sodium, and disrupt bacterial growth by binding to cell surfaces. This dye is also able to photobind with bacterial cells in nutrient solutions and kinetic experiments, leading to inhibition of cell division through the disruption of DNA replication.</p>

<p>C.I. Vat green 2 is a synthetic dye that has been shown to have genotoxic potential and is therefore considered carcinogenic. It is soluble in water, but not in organic solvents such as acetone or chloroform. C.I. Vat green 2 can be used in the textile industry as a colorant for nylon fibers, polyester yarns, rayon fabrics, and acrylic fibers, among others. The stability of this dye depends on temperature and pH; it decomposes at temperatures above 120 °C and pH above 10. This compound is commonly used to produce an emerald green color when dissolved in water or alcohol with the help of an acidifier or base catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or hydrogen peroxide.</p>

<p>Green fluorescent dye used for labelling aldehydes or ketones in polysaccharides or glycoproteins with an excitation peak at 499 nm and an emission peak at 520 nm. Frequently employed in microscopy and flow cytometry.</p>

<p>Acid blue 182 is an alkali metal salt of a polycarboxylic acid. It is used as a detergent builder, where it regulates the pH and viscosity of hard water. Acid Blue 182 is bactericidal and has been shown to have good detergency properties at low concentrations. This compound also has surfactant properties, which make it effective in removing oils, fats, greases and other organic substances from surfaces. Acid Blue 182 is often used in laundry detergent compositions because it does not cause color fading or bleeding.</p>

Disperse Blue 366 is a hydrophobic, particle-forming dye that is used in the optimization of surface methodology for cytotoxic effect. Disperse Blue 366 has a particle size of about 10 nm and an intense blue color. It is soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. The film-forming polymer, which can be polystyrene or polypropylene, absorbs Disperse Blue 366 and forms a thin film on the surface to which it has been applied. This film has a low energy and is supercritical, leading to cytotoxic effects.

Dye for detection of human serum albumin in urine

C.I.Reactive Red 180 is a reactive dye with a red color that is used in experiments to monitor the electrochemical oxidation of metal ions, such as copper and iron. The dye is also used in the textile industry for coloring fabrics and paper. Reactive Red 180 has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 and an optimum pH of 4.0-5.5 depending on the environment it is exposed to. It has been shown to have an efficiency of around 80% when used as an electrode in electrolysis reactions and can be electrochemically oxidized at an optimum voltage of 0.2 V. The color produced by this dye ranges from yellow-red to deep red depending on the concentration of the solution or amount of exposure time to light or heat.

<p>Pigment blue 60 is a water-soluble dye that is used as a pigment in paints, inks, and textiles. Pigment blue 60 is also used as an indicator of the presence of alkanoic acids in wastewater. The reaction mechanism for the formation of pigment blue 60 has not been fully elucidated; however, it is thought to involve the oxidation of benzalkonium chloride by hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide. This reaction solution can be analysed using phosphorus pentoxide or nitrogen atoms to determine the quantity of pigment blue 60 present. Pigment blue 60 has been shown to have antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pigment blue 60 is also used as an analytical method for measuring the amount of oxygen in air or other gasses by reacting with nitrogen oxides at elevated temperatures.</p>

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6-Fluoro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a potent antituberculosis drug that falls under the class of rifamycins. It is highly effective in treating tuberculosis infections due to its bactericidal activity. This active compound works by inhibiting bacterial growth through binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which prevents transcription and replication. Its efficacy has been demonstrated through transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reactions and patch-clamp techniques on human erythrocytes. In terms of metabolism, it undergoes various transformations such as hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome p450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Additionally, 6-Fluoro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside specifically targets markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and inhibits their cell growth in culture

<p>New methylene blue NX is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of many different compounds. It can be used as a reagent to produce research chemicals or as a reactant for the production of high quality, useful intermediates. The compound is also a useful scaffold for the synthesis of complex compounds. New methylene blue NX has CAS number 6586-05-6 and is registered under the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS).</p>

<p>Glutathione-monoethyl ester (reduced) H-Glu(Cys-Gly-OEt)-OH is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhancer that consists of a glutathione monoester and an ethyl ester. Glutathione monoethyl ester (reduced) H-Glu(Cys-Gly-OEt)-OH is used as a cancer therapeutics agent in the treatment of cells with high levels of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibits drug efflux from cells and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, which can lead to the inhibition of tumor growth. Glutathione monoethyl ester (reduced) H-Glu(Cys-Gly-OEt)-OH has been shown to cause changes in intracytoplasmic sperm and protein thiols in PC12 cells, which may be related to its ability to inhibit cell proliferation.</p>

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Graphitized; Particle size 100-300 µm

Meghylprednisolone hemisuccinate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the group of pharmacological agents. It is used for pain relief in cases of inflammatory bowel disease, and has been shown to be effective against human immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Meghylprednisolone hemisuccinate inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by binding to the enzyme cyclooxygenase and blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. This drug also blocks the production of leukotrienes, which are mediators of inflammation and tissue injury. Meghylprednisolone hemisuccinate has been shown to be less toxic than methylprednisolone sodium succinate in rats when given at low doses orally, although it has not been studied in humans.

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Direct Blue 15 is a water-soluble organic dye that is used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for wastewater treatment. The high salt and physiological effects of Direct Blue 15 have been studied in dose groups of rats. Direct Blue 15 was not found to be carcinogenic to rats, but did cause liver lesions at high doses. However, it did not cause DNA damage or induce mutations in the calf-thymus DNA. The hydroxyl group on the molecule allows it to bind to amines, which may explain its toxicity and mutagenicity.

<p>C.I.Reactive Red 120 is a reactive dye that has been shown to adsorb onto the crystal structure of formic acid and react at a temperature of 50°C. C.I.Reactive Red 120 is also catalytic, with an efficiency of up to 80%. The antibacterial activity of this dye has been shown to be comparable to that of other dyes, such as Reactive Yellow 3 and Reactive Blue 15. This dye is used in the detection, identification, and quantification of bacteria by liquid chromatography (LC) with UV-visible spectroscopy or LC-MS/MS analysis. It can be used for bacterial identification in the presence of escherichia coli and bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteins as well as other interfering substances in biological samples.</p>

Somatostatin-14 (reduced) H-Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys is a synthetic peptide that is an adjuvant for vaccines. It induces a biphasic response by increasing the humoral immune response and decreasing the cellular immune response. Somatostatin has been shown to decrease the severity of symptoms in patients with psychiatric disorders and can be used as a long term treatment for these conditions. Somatostatin also has effects on the pancreas, such as inhibiting insulin release, leading to decreased blood glucose levels. Its disulfide bond in its structure may be important for its activity and stability.

<p>Victoria Blue B is a compound that contains potassium dichromate and sodium citrate. It has been shown to have high resistance against many types of bacteria, including human serum and cell nuclei. Victoria Blue B has been shown to adsorb nitrite ions from wastewater, which can be useful for the treatment of sewage or as an antimicrobial agent in biological samples. The mechanism by which Victoria Blue B does this is not yet fully understood.</p>

Tetrabromophenol blue is a model system for the study of the mechanism of action of protein-inhibiting drugs. It has been shown to inhibit cancer cells and human pathogens by binding to basic proteins in the cell membrane, thereby preventing their activity. Tetrabromophenol blue inhibits polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by acting as a competitive inhibitor with respect to DNA, and also inhibits fluorescein angiography by reducing the rate at which dye is taken up by cells. Tetrabromophenol blue binds to wild-type strains of bacteria and halts protein synthesis, but does not bind to mutant strains or human serum. This drug has been shown to be effective against hl-60 cells when used at physiological levels.

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1,9-Dimethyl-methylene blue zinc chloride double salt is a fluorescent dye that has been used in the study of hyaluronic acid and mesenchymal stem cells. The compound absorbs light at a wavelength of 580 nm, which is the same as the absorption wavelength for hyaluronic acid and mesenchymal stem cells. 1,9-Dimethyl-methylene blue zinc chloride double salt can be used to measure the amount of these compounds in tissues. This dye also shows sensitivity to artifacts such as hemolysis and lipemia, making it useful for research purposes.

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Fluorescent Brightener 28 is a fluorescent dye that is used for the diagnosis of opportunistic fungal infections. It is also used as a marker for cell proliferation in tissue culture. Fluorescent Brightener 28 binds to the signal-peptide region of RNA polymerase II and can be detected using immunofluorescence microscopy. The fluorescent signal is observed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, or both. Fluorescent Brightener 28 has been shown to bind to human α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and α2-macroglobulin, which can affect drug interactions. This dye has no effect on fatty acid metabolism and does not interfere with the test results when testing samples such as blood or urine.

<p>Fluorogenic dye targeting caspase 3</p>

Brilliant green is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent that is used to monitor the progress of DNA amplification. It has been shown to bind specifically to double-stranded DNA and prevent the RNA polymerase from binding, thereby preventing transcription and replication. This dye may be used as an antimicrobial agent in wastewater treatment, where it can inhibit the growth of Aerobacter aerogenes. The adsorption properties of Brilliant green have been studied using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Langmuir adsorption isotherm techniques. The hydrophobic interactions between this dye and the anhydrous sodium surface have also been investigated by structural analysis.

C.I.Direct Red 83:1 is a dye that has been used in wastewater treatment to remove color. It is a polymerized dye that has been shown to be more efficient than the decolouration process, which is the traditional method of removing color from wastewater. The light source for this process must be within the range of 350-500 nm and at least 100 mW/cm2 intensity. This dye has also been shown to be an effective photolysis agent for organic compounds such as phenols, amines, and sulfides.

C.I.Solvent Red 197 is a dye that is soluble in organic solvents and has a particle size of less than 10 microns. It is used in the textile industry as an extracellular dye and can be used for the production of polyols, uv irradiation, corrosion inhibitor, high concentrations, condensation products, high resistance, organic solvent, volatile oil, substrate film and polymerization initiator. The dye also exhibits affinity ligand properties which are used in microcapsules to bind to substances such as proteins or nucleic acids.

C.I. Disperse Orange 25 is a dye that has been used in the textile industry for over 30 years. It is soluble in water and has low toxicity, and is not considered hazardous to health. C.I. Disperse Orange 25 is used as an optical sensor and fluorescent agent in kinetic studies of biological treatment of wastewater, and it can also be used as a reactive or activated antimicrobial agent. The dye can be synthesized using supercritical fluid technology, which makes it a potential candidate for use with radiation-sensitive polymers to form polymer matrices with antimicrobial properties that are resistant to microbial attack by radiation.

XTT sodium salt is a tetrazolium salt, which forms water-soluble formazan on bioreduction and has been used to assess cell viability by production of an orange colour.

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<p>Pigment Red 48 (C.I. 15865) is a red organic pigment that is soluble in water and most organic solvents. It has a melting point of 200°C and is used in paints, plastics, textiles, paper, and other products. Pigment Red 48 (C.I. 15865) can be synthesized by the diazonium salt coupling reaction between an aromatic amine and an acid chloride. The pigment also has a hydroxyl group that enables it to form covalent bonds with other molecules such as polymers or proteins. Pigment Red 48 (C.I. 15865) is used in many products because of its high stability, excellent heat resistance, low toxicity, non-irritating properties, high transparency, and good color fastness to light and washing.BR&gt; Pigment Red 48 (C.I. 15865) is not considered hazardous according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Lab</p>

<p>Acid Black 26 is a polyphenol with antioxidant properties. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the oxidation of basic dyes and control agents. Acid Black 26 has also been used in biological treatment to remove organic matter from wastewater. The thermodynamic data for Acid Black 26 are complex, but it displays a high reactivity toward particle surfaces and functional groups. Immobilized Acid Black 26 can be used as a surface methodology for the production of activated carbon filters, which removes reactive substances from air streams.</p>

<p>Pigment Yellow 3 is a glycol ether that belongs to the class of organic compounds. It is used as a yellow coloring agent in paints, plastics, and textiles. Pigment Yellow 3 is also used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a model system for carotenoid molecules. Pigment Yellow 3 has been shown to have an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the glycol ether moiety and the carotenoid chromophore, which stabilizes the molecule against thermal degradation. Pigment Yellow 3 is chemically stable at room temperature but decomposes when heated or irradiated with UV light. This compound can be found in nature as well as being synthesized artificially.</p>

<p>C.I. Acid Yellow 117 is a dye that has been used in the textile industry, but is now used primarily as a food colorant. It is not metabolized by the body and is excreted unchanged in urine and feces. C.I. Acid Yellow 117 may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache and dizziness at high levels of exposure (above 10 milligrams per day). The dye can also cause methemoglobinemia in children who have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or who are taking an oxidizing drug such as sulfonamides or nitrofurantoin. C.I. Acid Yellow 117 binds to form a water-soluble complex with calcium ions when it enters wastewater treatment plants where it can be removed by activated sludge treatment processes or by precipitation with lime or aluminum sulfate before release into rivers or oceans. C.I. Acid Yellow 117 has been shown to inhibit cell</p>

<p>Reactive orange 35 is a functional group that is used as an analytical reagent in organic solvents. It is also used to introduce additives into polymers, oligosaccharides, and other compounds. Reactive orange 35 has been shown to react with amide groups in the presence of an amine or ammonia at elevated temperatures. This reaction system can be used to produce a variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The reactive nature of this compound makes it an excellent plant cell penetrant.</p>

<p>Phenol red is a pH indicator that finds broad applications from chemistry to microbiology. Colour varies from yellow at pH&lt;6.8 (lmax 443nm) through to light red/pink at 6.8&lt;pH&lt;8.2 (lmax 570 nm) to vivid purple/red at pH&gt;8.2. It is widely used in cell culture to monitor pH and for colorimetric titration. For example, phenol red can be used to quantify Br- content in sea or fresh water. It is added to VTM as pH indicator, at the concentration of 10mg/ml, maintaining a pink colour at neutral pH.</p>

<p>Pigment Yellow 14 is a yellow pigment that belongs to the group of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. It has a particle size of 0.1-0.5 microns and consists of nitrogen atoms, intramolecular hydrogen, and magnetic particles. Pigment Yellow 14 is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as glycol ethers, fatty acids, and polycarboxylic acids. It has been detected using analytical chemistry methods such as spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy (EM). Pigment Yellow 14 is used in paints for plastics and textiles because it does not fade or lose its color when exposed to radiation or light.</p>

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<p>Crocein Orange G is a water-soluble, orange fluorescent dye that is used in wastewater treatment. It has been shown to form stable complexes with fatty acids and other organic compounds. These complexes are more readily removed by adsorption. Crocein Orange G has also been shown to react with potassium dichromate and form a yellow product. This product can be detected at low concentrations and is not toxic to humans or animals.</p>

<p>Acid Orange 3 is a cationic surfactant that belongs to the family of dyes. It is used as a granulosa cell stain in histology, with the basic structure of a monosodium salt. Acid Orange 3 exhibits chronic oral toxicity in rats and mice, but does not show liver lesions at doses up to 4000 mg/kg. It has been shown to cause increased incidence of fatty acid oxidation, carcinogenic potential, and carcinogenesis studies in rats. Acid Orange 3 may also cause allergic reactions, such as skin irritation and erythema when applied topically. In some cases, it has been reported to cause contact dermatitis.</p>

<p>Mercuric oxide red is a dinucleotide phosphate that has been used as an oxidation catalyst in organic synthesis. Mercuric oxide red is also used as a reagent for the conversion of glycoside derivatives to their corresponding mercuric salts. It can be used in the determination of certain metabolites, such as amino acids and fatty acids, in biological samples. In addition, it can be used to detect lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. For example, Mercuric oxide red has been shown to have the ability to bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). This binding induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6. Mercuric oxide red also inhibits plasma mass spectrometry by suppressing ionization and reducing fragmentation.</p>

<p>For the identification of acidophilic cells, blue color</p>

<p>Silicon nitride is a compound of silicon and nitrogen. It is used in the preparation of high purity silicon, as well as in the production of semiconductors, electronic devices, and other products. Silicon nitride is also used to make parts for aircraft engines and turbines. The thermal expansion coefficient of silicon nitride is typically 5x10-6/°C, which makes it ideal for use in high-temperature environments. Silicon nitride has antimicrobial properties that may be due to its ability to release hydrogen fluoride and water vapor when heated. These compounds are toxic to bacteria and fungi, making silicon nitride a potential candidate for use in biomedical implants or medical devices such as catheters or prosthetic joints. Silicon nitride is chemically stable at temperatures up to 1000°C, making it an excellent material for high-temperature applications such as aerospace engine components. Silicon nitride can also be used as a sample preparation tool because it can remove impurities from samples without</p>

<p>Iron oxide black is a reactive dye that is used in wastewater treatment. It is an oxide of iron that can be synthesized from sodium carbonate and langmuir adsorption isotherm. Iron oxide black has been shown to have a colloidal gold-like color, chemical stability, and constant pressure. The particle size of this compound ranges from 10-1000 nm and it reacts with a solution containing anhydrous sodium carbonate to form magnetite nanoparticles. Iron oxide black also has an asymmetric synthesis reaction with ferric chloride and nitric acid, which produces magnetic nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Indigo is a dye that has been used for centuries in the textile industry for its unique blue color.</p>