Toxicology

Applications 17β-Estradiol 2-Acetate is an intermediate in synthesizing Estradiol Valerate Impurity I (E888865), a derivative of Estradiol (E888000) and Estradiol 17-Valerate (E888860) which is an estrogen.
References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986); Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987)

Applications (R)-Benzylphenobarbital is a derivative of Phenobarbital (P316760), which is an Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),

Applications Atraton is a toxic herbicide and an environmental contaminants.
References Lu, Y. C., et al.: Chemosphere, 165, 487 (2015); Dong, X., et al.: Soil Sediment Contam., 24,573 (2015); Gonzalez-Cadena, J., et al.: Sustainable Environment Research, 23, 253 (2013)

Applications 2-Hydroxy-2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl Entecavir is an impurity of Entecavir (E558900).

Applications Mycophenolic Acid Monosodium Salt in its enteric-coated form is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants
References Zhang, W., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 68, 12399/1-3 (2014)

Applications Eslicarbazepine acetate-D3 is a labelled analogue of Eslicarbazepine acetate (E659000), a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and antiepileptic that is used to treat patients with epilepsy.
References Almeida, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 64, 267 (2008); Gil-Nagel, A., et al.: Acta Neurol. Scand., 120, 281 (2009); McCormack, P. & Robinson, D.: CNS Drugs, 23, 71 (2009)

Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity J
Applications (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Lamivudine EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500). (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is also being further studied to determine its potential as an anti-HIV agent.
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A biodegradation product of Malathion (M111000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kim, Y. et al.: Chemosphere, 60, 1349 (2005); Yoshii, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 54, 535 (2008); Hayasaka, M. et al.: Jap. J. Forensic Toxicol., 12, 15 (1994);

Applications Haloxyfop-methyl-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of Haloxyfop-methyl (H104050); a herbicide used for selective post-emergence control of annual and perennial grasses in broadleaf crops.
References Buhler, D.D., et al.: Weed Sci., 32, 824 (1984); Gronwald, J.W.: Weed Sci., 34, 196 (1986)

Applications Antihypertensive.

Applications Hopantenate Calcium-d6 is labeled analogue of Hopantenate Calcium (H669565), which is a central nervous system drug. In its calcium salt form, it used to be used for a variety of neurological, psychological and psychiatric conditions in Russia. Hopantenic Acid is also the amide of D-pantoate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
References Kopelevich, V.M., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 5, 534 (1971)

Applications A photodegadation product of Atorvastatin (a cyclic impurity of Atorvastatin (A791750)), a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase . Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglyceinhibitorrides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993), Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996), Whitfield, L.R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 25, 97 (2000),

Applications Labelled Nitecapone. Inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Biggs, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 299, 83 (1996), Mannisto, P., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 51(4), 593 (1999), Fisher, A., et al.: Neuroscience, 95(1), 97 (2000),

Applications A new Olanzapine pamoate formulation of a second-generation antipsychotic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Davis, J., et al.: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 60, 553 (2003), Kahn, R., et al.: Lancet, 371, 1085 (2008), Lauriello, J., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 69, 790 (2008),

Applications (4R)-2-Oxoclopidogrel is an essential intermediate metabolite from which the active metabolite of Clopidogel is formed.
References Feliste, R., et al.: Thromb. Res., 48, 403 (1987), Savi, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 44, 527 (1992), Herbert, J., et al.: Cardiovasc Drug. Rev., 11, 180 (1993), Sugidachi, A., et al.: B. J. Pharmacol., 132, 47 (2001)

Applications Phenacetin-d3 is the labeled analogue of Phenacetin (P294580), an analgesic, antipyretic; component of APC tablets, analgesic mixture also containing aspirin and caffeine. Phenacetin is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen; analgesic mixtures containing Phenacetin are listed as known human carcinogens.
References Boyd, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1, 240 (1959); Dubach, C.U., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 357 (1983)

Applications (R,R)-Sertraline acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that displays minor antifungal activity as well.
References Young, T. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 51, 1045 (2003);

Applications Estradiol 17-Palmitate-d31 is the isotope analog of Estradiol 17-Palmitate. Estradiol 17-Palmitate is a metabolite of estradiol (E888000) which is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.
References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986), Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 2,4,5-Trichloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile is a degradation product of Chlorothalonil (C411250).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Bakke, J., et al.: Science, 210, 433 (1980), Aschbacher, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 17, 1047 (1987), Chadwick, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 425 (1992), Wallin, A., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 21, 443 (1993),

Applications H1 Histamine receptor antagonist. Antihistaminic.
References Weidmann, et al.: Boll. Chim. Farm., 106, 467 (1967), Gober, B., et al.: Pharmazie, 43, 539 (1988), Breccia, A., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 49, 622 (1991), Schran, H., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 911 (1996),

Applications Omeprazole (O635000) impurity.

Applications Triclopyr Butotyl is a herbicide. It s very effective in reducing the canopy of honey mesquite.
References El-Khodary, S., et al.: Cytologia, 54, 465 (1989); Bovey, R., et al.: J. Range Management, 34, 144 (1981)

Applications N-Deschlorobenzoyl Indomethacin-d3, is the labeled analogue of N-Deschlorobenzoyl Indomethacin (D288845), a metabolite of Indomethacin (I641000).
References O'Brien, W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 9, 94 (1968), Duggan, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 181, 563 (1972), Abourashed, E., et al.: Curr. Med. Chem., 6, 359 (1999), Chatterjee, P., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 62, 761 (1999);

Applications 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine Hydrochloride acts as a reagent in the preparation of isosteviol-fused pyrazolines and pyrazoles as potential anticancer agents, preparation of pyrazolobenzothiazines as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication.
References Zhu, S., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 65, 70 (2013); Barreca, M. L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 2270 (2013);

Applications 1-Oxo Fexofenadine Methyl Ester, is an intermediate in the preparation of Fexofenadine (F322470). It can also be used for the synthesis of an oxidation metabolite of Terfenadine (T114500),a H1-receptor antagonist.
References Garteiz, D.A., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 32, 1185 (1982), Rampe, D., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 44, 1240 (1993), Obradovic, T., et al.: Pharm. Res., 24, 318 (2007); Kawai, S., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 59, 2620 (1994);

Applications Mucochloric Acid is an intermediate product of the herbicide Burex that can cause poisioning and skin damage upon exposure. Mucochloric Acid is also a chlorine disinfection byproduct in drinking water with mutagenic activity.
References Kolesar, D. et al.: Bratsilav. Lek. Listy, 64, 132 (1978); Romancik, V.E.: Ces.-Slov. Hyd., 21, 319 (1976); Jansson, K. et al.: Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 25, 284 (1995);

Applications Testosterone Laurate-d23 is the isotopic analog of Testosterone Laurate. Testosterone Laurate is a derivative of testosterone(T155000), which is used in analytical studies to determine testosterone and nandrolone esters in race horse plasma for doping control through UPLC-ESI-MS-MS.
References You, Y., et al.: J. Chromato., 1218, 3982 (2011); Guan, F., et al.: Mass Spectrom., 45, 1270 (2010)

Applications Ethalfluralin is a herbicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gama, A. F., et al.: J. Soils Sediments, 17, 1160-1169 (2017); Karasali, H., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 541, 130-142 (2016)

Applications N-(6-Chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N’-cyano-acetamidine is an Acetamipride-Metabolite. It also performs insecticidal and neuroblocking activities in animals.
References Kiriyama, K., et al.: J. Pest. Sci., 28, 17 (2003); Gbylik-S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 990, 132 (2015)

Applications Telmisartan-d4 is deuterium labelled Telmisartan (T017000). Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
References Wienen, W. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 110, 245 (1993); Neutel, J.M. et al: Adv. Therap., 15, 206 (1998)

Applications Fuberidazole is a benzimidazole based fungicide used as a fungicidal seed treatment of barley.
References Secci, D., et al.: J. Heterocyc. Chem., 49, 1187 (2012); Altmeye, M.A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 4038 (2010);

Applications (R)-Quizalofop Ethyl is a post-emergence herbicide for control of grassy weeds in broad-leaved crops. Herbicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Corbett, T., et al.: Cancer Res., 42, 1707 (1982), Branda, R., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38, 3521 (1989), Corbett, T., et al.: J. Exper. Therap. Oncol., 1, 95 (1996),

Applications A novel labelled metabolite of Perchloroethene (PER) in humans after inhalation. It is an important biomarker for the glutathione dependent biotransformation of PER.
References Urban, G., et al.: Xenobiotica, 24, 881 (1994), Birner, G., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 41 (1996), Dekant, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 15, 702 (1987),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (±)-Mevalonolactone-4,4,5,5-d4 (CAS# 349553-98-6) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications 3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Applications An Atorvastatin impurity in bulk drug and tablets.

Applications Isotope labelled Parathion (P192220) is an organophosphate insecticide used on cotton, rice and fruit trees.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Seifert, J., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 35, 200 (2013); Ciffroy, P., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 32, 602 (2013);

Applications Gallocatechin ethanol is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging ability; a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. It inhibits the growth and adherence of P. gingivalis onto the buccal epithelial cells. An epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (E588940).
References Guo, Q. et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1427, 13 (1999); Sakanaka, S. et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60, 745 (1996);

Applications Cefdinir Thiazine Analog is hydrolytic degradation product of Cefdinir (C242670).
References Okamoto, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 976 (1996)

Applications Metopimazine (MPZ) is used to prevent emesis during chemotherapies. Antiemetic.
References Catz, P., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 58, 93 (1990), Sato, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 80, 104 (1991), Herrstedt, J., et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 33, 53 (1996), Sigsgaard, T., et al.: J. Clin. Onc., 19, 2091 (2001),

Applications The R-enantiomer of Baclofen (B108000) metabolite.

Applications Droxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
References Lapeyre-Mestre, M., et. al.: Fundam. Clin. Pharm., 20, 391 (2006)

Applications Bivalirudin 1-11 Fragment is an impurity of Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor acting as an anticoagulant through inhibition of the enzyme thrombin.
References Bertrand, O. et al.: Am. J. Cardio., 110, 599 (2012); Patti, G. et al.: Am. J. Cardio., 110, 478 (2012)

Applications An optically active metabolite of Tramadol.
References Garrido, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 710 (2003), Pedersen, R., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 62, 513 (2006),