Toxicology

Applications Isotope Labelled Asenapine N-β-D-Glucuronide (A788005). Asenapine N-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Asenapine (A788000).

Applications Protected Ribavirin.
References Bhagrath, M., et al.: Antivir. Chem. Chemother., 2, 265 (1991), Zhu, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 5212 (2010),

Applications Hecogenin, is a sapogenin present in the leaves of species from the Agave genus, possessing wide spectrum of pharmacology activities, such as having antinociceptive properties.
References Gama, K. B., et al.: J. Natural Prod., 76, 559 (2013);

Applications 3,3'-Iminobis(N,N-dimethylpropylamine) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of a novel class of anticancer agents called antracenylisoxazole lexitropsin conjugates. 3,3'-Iminobis(N,N-dimethylpropylamine) is also part of a group of stabilizers (Hindered Amino Stabilizers) that prevent the thermo-oxidative degradation of polypropylene.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gijsman, P. & Gitton-Chevalier, M.: Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 81, 483 (2003); Han, X., et al.: Bioorgan. Med. Chem., 17, 1671 (2009);

Applications Cefdaloxime is an orally administered cephalosporin that has activity against Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria that causes meningitis in humans. Cefdaloxime is also the active metabolite of HR916K, a cephalosporin ester.
References Jones, R. & Erwin, M.: Diag. Micro. Infect. Dis., 15, 693 (1992); Jones, R. & Erwin, M.: J. Clin. Micro., 30, 1297 (1992); Käyhty, R., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 147, 1100 (1983)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Cotarnine Chloride is an oxidative degradation product of the drug Noscapine.
References Johansson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 7, 1055 (1989), Ukhin, L., et al.: Chem. Nat. Compds., 40, 156 (2004),

Applications N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminosulfonyl-4-formamidobenzamide is a key intermediate in the preparation of the sulfonylurea herbicide Foramsulfuron (F685003).
References Liu, Q., et al.: Xiandai Nongyao, 11, 19 (2012); Ford, M. J., et al.: From PCT Int. Appl. (2001), WO 2001042226 A1 20010614

Applications Fensulfothion Sulfide is a metabolite of the insecticide fensulfonthion (F265490), an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Solly, S.R.B., et al.: New. Zea. J. Agri. Res., 14, 88 (1971); Hansch, C., et al.: Biochem. Toxicol. Insectic. Proc., 33 (1970);

Applications Isotope labelled (L)-Suberyl Carnitine is a metabolite of L-Carnitine (C184110).
References Millington, D., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 13, 321 (1990), Chace, D., et al.: Clin. Chem., 49, 1797 (2003),

Applications Labelled Acetohexamide, a sulfonylurea derivative. Acetohexamide is a hyopglycemic agent with moderate uricosuric activity. Acetohexamide is a first generation medication used in the treatment of diabetes metilus type 2.
References Yu, T-F. et al.: Metab. Clin. Exp., 17, 309 (1968); Harrower, A.D.B. et al.: Clin. Pharmacokin., 31, 111 (1996); Hirota, Y. et al.: Diab. Med., 26, 948 (2009);

Applications 7-Ketolithocholic Acid-taurine Conjugate is a bile acid conjugate and metabolite of Taurolithocholic Acid (T009100) with antiinflammatory activity. Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid has been shown to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis through suppression of Bid translocation to mitochondria.
References Emerman, S. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 242, 661 (1967); Takikawa, Y. et al.: Falk Symp., 120, 249 (2001); Li, P. et al.: Zhong. Shour. Xue., 28, 1317 (2008);

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of labelled Calindol

Applications A metabolite of Clopidogrel.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 3-[N-(2-Carboxyethyl)methylamino]-7-[N-ethyl(3-sulfonatopropyl)amino]phenoxazin-5-ium sodium is a fluorescent dye for covalent labeling.

Impurity Aztreonam
Applications Ethanol Ring-opened Aztreonam is an Aztreonam (A965200) in-house impurity 1. Aztreonam is the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.
References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),

Applications A metabolite of Ofloxacin (O245750).
References Okazaki O., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 439 (1992), Murakami, K., et al.: Drugs, 49, 331 (1995),

Applications An additive which contributes spiciness to foods. This compound is also often used as a regent in the preparation of its reduced alcohol, a compound commonly used in perfumery.
References Hardcastle, I., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 57, 801 (1999), Mookdasanit, J., et al.: Food Sci. Technol. Res., 8, 367 (2002), Jang, Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 7892 (2005),

Applications Trimethyl-tetradecylammonium chloride,99% (cas# 4574-04-3) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Astragaloside IV has cardiovascular protective effects, protecting the vascular endothelial cells. In addition it is attributed to have anti0inflammatory and anti-virus effects as well. This is due to its scavenging ability of oxygen free radicals, regulation of mineral homeostasis and antioxidative effects.
References Liu, S. et al.: J. Chinese Pharm. Sci., 22, 222 (2013);

Applications Labelled Diltiazem (D460620). A calcium channel blocher with vasodilating activity. Antianginal; antihypertensive; antiarrhythmic (class IV).
References Sato, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1338 (1971), Smirnov, S.R.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 360, 81 (1998), Hansson, L., et al.: Lancet, 356, 359 (2000),

Applications Lamivudine Dimer is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500); a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral agent. Lamivudine has also been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
References Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944); Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997); Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977)

Applications A tricyclic carbamate compound for inhibition of Cell proliferation.
References Villani, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 750 (1972), Anon, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 266, 15575 (1991),

Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative. Intermediate in the preparation of Epostane (E588850).

Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive
Applications Intermediate for the synthesis of Furosemide Acyl-β-D-glucuronide.

Impurity Esomeprazole Impurity 16
Applications Omeprazole (O635000) impurity. Esomeprazole Impurity 16.

Applications Irbesartan-d6 is deuterium labelled Irbesartan (I751000) which is an angiotensin II type 1 (AII1)-receptor antagonist.
References Gillis, J.C. and Markham, A.: Drugs, 54, 885 (1997); Chando, T.J., et al.: Drug. Metabol. Dispos., 26, 408 (1998),

Applications 6-Dehydro-21-deoxy Cortisol is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
References Hechter, O., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 25, 457 (1950); Colingsworth, D.R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 203, 807 (1953); Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 277 (1983);

Applications 5-Hydroxynitrofen, can be used for the synthesis of three major ring-hydroxylated metabolites of Diclofop-methyl, acting as herbicide.
References Tanaka, F. S., et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 38, 553 (1990);

Applications Resazurin derivative.

Applications A metabolite of new designer drug α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (PPP). α-Pyrrolidinophenones like 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MPPP), 4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP), 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP) and 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP) are new designer drugs which have appeared on the illicit drug market. Controlled substance.
References Bryant, S., et al.: Clin. Pharm., 1983, 2, 525 (1983), Kalix, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 3015 (1986), Maurer, H., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 24, 340 (2000), Kraemer, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 2000, 28, 339 (2000),

Applications (1S,2R)-erythro-Dihydro Bupropion is a metabolite of Bupropion (B689625), a selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake.
References Writer, J.H., et. al.: Sci. Total Environ., 461 (2013)

Applications (5R)-Flucloxacillin N4-[N-[[3-(20chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]carbonyl]-glycinyl] Penilloic Acid is an impurity of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin.
References Markovich, M., et al.: Antibiot. Med. Biotekhnol., 31, 603 (1986), Rahman, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 1721 (1993), Silva, D., et al.: Med. Biol. Res., 37, 963 (2004),

Applications Febuxostat 67M-1 is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It reduces uric acid production in the body and also used to reduce the risk of gout or kidney stone formation.
References Du, J., et al.: Handbook of Metabolic Pathways of Xenobiotics, 4, 1395 (2014)

Applications bis(Thiazol-5-ylmethyl) ((2R,5R)-1,6-Diphenylhexane-2,5-diyl)dicarbamate is an impurity of Cobicistat (C633150), a HIV protease inhibitor that has been coadministered with low-dose ritonavir (R535000) as a pharmacoenhancer.
References Von, H., Exp. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol., 5, 557 (2012); Lepist, E.I., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent. Chemother., 56, 5409 (2012); Orr, S.T.M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 4896 (2012)

Stability Light and temperature Sensitive
Applications A glucuronide metabolite of Fluoxetine (F597100) in humans.
References Lemberger, L., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 46, 14 (1985),