Toxicology

<p>Applications Phorate Oxon is a toxic metabolite of Phorate (P353500), an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.<br>References Bowman, M.C. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 17, 138 (1969); Hong, J.U. et al.: Han’guk Nong. Hakh., 26, 104 (1983); Szeto, S. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 1082 (1982);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Fosthietan is used as a nematicide, to protect soils and crops from nematodes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Choudhari, K. &amp; Koli, S.: Pesticides, 12, 29 (1978); King, P., et al.: Anim. Prod. Sci., 22, 209 (1982); Murthy, M., et al.: Pesticides, 19, 40 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications Folate-based inhibitor of thymidylate synthase; rapidly and extensively metabolized to its more potent polyglutamate derivatives. Antineoplastic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jodrell, D.I., et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 28, 331 (1991), Jackman, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer, 31A, 1277 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Bromo-3-methylbutyrylurea is a hypnotic and sedative drug marketed over the counter in Asian under various brand names.<br>References Koenig, H., et al.: Clinc. Toxicol. Anal., 1, 367 (2009); Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Euro. J. Med. Chem., 46, 5736 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Combined serotonin (5HT2) and dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist; structurally related to labelled Mianserin. Antipsychotic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Meltzer, H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 251, 238 (1989), Schotte, A., et al.: Brain Res., 631, 191 (1993), Andree, B., et al.: Psychopharmacology, 131, 339 (1997), Richelson, E., et al.: Life Sci., 68, 29 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeidine is an impurity of Caffeine (C080100), a xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Caffeidine have also shown inhibitory activity towards cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases.<br>References Buchman, R., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 17, 1168 (1974); Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications Prucalopride is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist used effective for chronic constipation, but is not currently approved in the U.S. Prucalopride is approved for the treatment of chronic constipation in Europe.<br>References Shah, N., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 103, 1746 (2008), McKinnell, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5330 (2009), Shah, N., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 103, 1746 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Metalaxyl is the S-enantiomer of Metalaxyl (M258740(P)), an agricultural fungicide. Metalaxyl is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). It is useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698235(M)).<br>References Boughalleb, N., et al.: Int. J. Agric. Res., 5, 1057 (2010), Lian, Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9428 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sedative, hypnotic.Controlled substance (depressant).<br>References Lomen, P., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 4, 55 (1976), Allens, G.S., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 6, 343 (1978), Pakes, G.E., et al.: Drugs, 22, 81 (1981).<br></p>

<p>Applications A nitrosourea alkylating agent approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera. It can be used in biological study of synthesis of anti-EGFR antibody-drug conjugates. It can also be used in therapeutic use and biological study of BCMA (B-Cell Maturation Antigen) antigen binding proteins.<br>References Choi, H., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2017051254 A1 20170330 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications Maneb is a complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Maneb is a foliate fungicide used to protect crops in agriculture. Maneb is also useful in creating a toxin-based animal (usually primates) model of Parkinson's disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gent, D. et al.: Plant Disease, 87, 591 (2003); Valaskova, E. et al.: Agrochemia, 10, 178 (1970); Cicchetti F. et al.: Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 30, 475 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled nucleoside analogue that is able to enter nucleoside pools and is able to significantly increase levels of adenosine during periods of ATP breakdown. Adenosine-regulating agents (ARAs) have been recognized for therapeutic potential in myocardial ischemia. Cardioprotective.<br>References Mullane, K., et al.: Trends Cardiovasc Med., 3, 227 (1993), Browne, G.J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 13, 12220 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications Rasagiline is a selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor (1,2,3,4). Rasagiline is an Antiparkinsonian agent.<br>References (1) Rabey, J.M., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 23, 324 (2000) (2) Glezer, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 472, 173 (2003) (3) Youdim, M.B.H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 66, 1635 (2003) (4) Chen, J.J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 878 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Midostaurin was shown to possess antiproliferative characteristics via inhibition of protein kinase C, kinase insert domain receptor, and c-kit.<br>References Tahtouh, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 9312 (2012); Pedeboscq, S., et al.: PLoS. One., 7, 36811 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tritosulfuron-13C,d3 is isotopically labeled form of Tritosulfuron (T886903), which is a sulfonylurea herbicide found in in ground, surface and wastewater.<br>References Fenoll, J., et al.: Talanta, 101, 273 (2012); Huntscha, S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 1268, 74 (2012); Reemtsma, T., et al.: Water Res., 47, 5535 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Palmitoyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride is a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Lauroyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenpropidin-d10 is the labeled analogue of Fenpropidin (F249470), a fungicide.<br>References Leroux, P. Walker, A.: Eur. J. Plant Path., 135, 683 (2013); Zhao, H., et. al.: Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 77, 52 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Agasan, A., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods., 177, 251 (1994), Stone, R., et al.: Science, 265, 308 (1994), Tacey, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2, 1303 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Rebamipide, which shows antiulcer activity in rats.<br>References Uchida, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 33, 3775 (1985), Yamasaki, K., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 142, 23 (1987),<br></p>