Toxicology

<p>Applications Labelled Fenthion Sulfone (F278015). Fenthion Sulfone is a metabolite of the organothiophosphate insecticide Fenthion (F278000).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oh, C., et al.: Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 78, 314 (2007); Wang, W., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 602, 211 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cilostazol-d4 is the labeled analogue of Cilostazol (C441500), a potent phosphodiesterase III A (PDE3A) inhibitor (IC50=0.2uM) and inhibitor of adenosine uptake. Has antimitogeni, antithrombotic, vasodilatory and cardiotonic properties in vivo. Also affects lipid levels in vivo.<br>References Suri, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 38, 144 (1998); Park, S.-W., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 84, 511 (1999); Tsuchikane, E., et al.: Circulation, 100, 21 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lorcainide Hydrochloride is an inhibitor of sodium voltage-gated channels. Effective anti-arrhythmic agents in patients.<br>References Lynch, J. J., et al.: J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 273, 554-560 (1995); Heykants, J.: Int. Congr. Symp., 49, 35-39 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Rizatriptan Benzoate is a selective serotonin 5-HTID receptor agonist and used to treat migraine (1,2,3). It is structurally derived from tryptamine.<br>References (1) Cheng, H., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 17, 17 (1996) (2) Su, M., et al.: Eur J Neurosci. 44, 2129 (2016)(3) Millson, D. S., et al.: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 1, 391 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Ethoxycarbonyl Dabigatran Ethyl Ester is an impurity of Dabigatran (D100090), which is antithrombotic drug.<br>References Hauel, N., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 1757 (2002); Mungall, D., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 3, 095 (2002); Stangier, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 555 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic.<br>References Garteiz, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 179, 354 (1971), Taylor, S.H., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 307, 1293 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Nicorandil (N398500) derivative<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of the antiviral drug Oseltamivir (O700100). It is a COVID19-related research product.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5R,6R-Benzylpenicilloate Disodium Salt is a derivative of Benzyl Penicillinate Potassium Salt (B288601), which is an antibiotic substance produced by Penicillium sp. Antibacterial.<br>References Fleming, A., et al.: Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 10, 226 (1929), Clutterbuck, P.W., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 26, 1907 (1932), Chain, E., et al.: Lancet, 2, 226 (1940),<br></p>

<p>Applications ((2S,3S,4R,5S)-4-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl Benzoate is an impurity of antiviral drug Clevudine (C574150), which is used for the treatment of Hepatitis B.<br>References Kwon, S., et al.: J. Virol., 84, 4494 (2010); Daga, P., et al.: Protein Sci., 19, 796 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Avibactam Butylammonium Salt is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with a non-lactam structural scaffold. Avibactam irreversibly inhibits lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<br>References Iland, C., et al.: J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 58, 495 (1946); Flores, A., et al.: Microbiology, 151, 521 (2005); Livermore, D., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 62, 1053 (2008); Tremblay, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 49, 9685 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-methoxy-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-2-one (cas# 30034-43-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Emtricitabine Glycosamine is an impurity of Emtricitabine(E525000) which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-β-methylbenzenepropanol is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Amorolfine Hydrochloride (A634170); a morpholine antifungal drug and topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections.<br>References Rotta, I., et al.: JAMA Dermatol., 149, 341 (2013); Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 26, 5 (1984); Zhang, S., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing. CN 103288768 A 20130911. Sep 11, 2013<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-1-Amino-3-chloro-2-propanol Hydrochloride is used in biological studies as an orally active male antifertility agent which is mediated by an effect on epididymal and vas deferens sperm.<br>References Coppola, J. A., et al.: Contraception, 9, 459 (1974);<br></p>

<p>Applications Androstenedione (A637550) analog, an aromatase inhibitor.<br>References Marsh, D.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 28, 788 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxacyclotetradecane Erythromycin Derivatives is a useful intermediate in the preparation of erythromycin A (E649950) antibiotics and derivatives.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979), Morimoto, S., et al.: From Eur. Pat. Appl. (1988), EP 272110 A2 19880622,<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate for the preparation of Naratriptan and other indole sulfonamide derivatives.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl)-4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)benzene is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Amorolfine Hydrochloride (A634170); a morpholine antifungal drug and topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections. 1-(3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl)-4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)benzene is also used in the preparation of Fenpropidin (F249470); a fungicide.<br>References Rotta, I., et al.: JAMA Dermatol., 149, 341 (2013); Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 26, 5 (1984); Broger, E.A., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 492401 A1 19920701. Jul 1, 1992; Leroux, P. Walker, A.: Eur. J. Plant Path., 135, 683 (2013); Zhao, H., et. al.: Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 77, 52 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Nafcillin Penilloic Acid Ester is derived from Sodium Nafcillin Monohydrate (S645800), which is used as an antibiotic, and for the treatment of gram-positive bacteria.<br>References Taboada, P. et al.: Langmuir. 16, 3175 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A reactant used in the preparation of non-nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and mesoionic xanthine analogs.<br>References Freeman, G. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 5923 (2004); Glennon, R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 24, 658 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Docosanoyl Taurine is found to activate multiple members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels, including TRPV1 and TRPV4 which are expressed in kidney.<br>References Saghatelian, A., et al.: Biochem., 45, 9007-9015 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Quintrione is herbicidal compound comprising Heterocyclic Amide compound and use thereof.<br>References Wang, Z., et al.:PCT Int. Appl., (2020);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside 3-Benzoate is used in the synthesis of the o- and p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside.<br>References Petitou, M., et al.: Carbohydrate Res., 42, 180 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Nevirapine EP Impurity D<br>Applications Nevirapine Dimer (Nevirapine EP Impurity D) is a dimeric impurity of the antiviral Nevirapine (N391275).<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-benzisoxazol-3-amine (cas# 36216-80-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications BCX 4430 is an antiviral drug, an adenosine analog). It is developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals with funding from NIAID, originally intended as a treatment for Hepatitis C, but subsequently developed as a potential treatment for deadly filovirus infections such as Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease.<br>References Warren, T., et al.: Nature, 508, 7496 (2014); Kamat, S., et al.: Biochem., 52, 7366 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Levamisole Phosphate is a compound used to study anthelmintic resistance status in Brazilian cattle.<br>References Soultello, R., et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 148, 360 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rilpivirine Amadori rearrangement Product II is an impurity of Rilpivirine(R509800) which is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rilpivirine seems to be well tolerated with less CNS disturbance than Efavirenz, and has non-teratogenic potential. An anti-HIV agent.<br>References Sun, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4648<br></p>

<p>Applications Bisphenol AP Mono-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of Bisphenol AP (B519485), which is used to prepare triphenylmethane derivatives as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus helicase. Bisphenol AP is a derivative of Bisphenol A (B519495) which is a monomer used for policarbonate and epoxy resins.<br>References Krishnan, A.V., et al.: Endocrinology, 132, 2279 (1993); Steinmetz, R., et al.: Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 9, 124 (1998); Petersen, H., et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 216, 355 (2003); Chen, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 2716 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity<br>Applications (1S,4R)-cis-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol D-Tartrate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is an intermediate of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan is an intermediate used to prepare tertiary sulfonamides as liver X receptor antagonists. It is also used to synthesize hydantoin based inhibitors of MMP13 with potential use in osteoarthritis.<br>References Zuercher, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3412 (2010); De Savi, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 4705 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications (1R,​4S)​-3-​Oxo-2-​azabicyclo[2.2.1]​hept-​5-​ene-​2-​carboxylic acid 1,​1-​Dimethylethyl Ester is an intermediate in synthesizing ent-Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity A) (A105015), an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Amino-1-N-methylindole (CAS# 102308-97-4) is an indole derivative and building block, used in the copper-catalyzed synthesis of sulfonamides.<br>References Chen, Y.; et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 140, 8781 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-methoxy-3-pyridinesulfonyl chloride is patented as a reactant used to prepare erythromycin macrolide antibiotics as antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(2-Propyn-1-yloxy) Trimethoprim is an analog of T795615, which is an antibacterial compound and a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Manius, G.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 445 (1978), Roth, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 379 (1980), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 23, 405 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ganciclovir derivative.<br>References Albers, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 81, 756 (1992), Dias, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 91, 6607 (2002), Macha, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 670 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cycloester Erythromycin Enol Ether is derived from Erythromycin A Enol Ether (E649970), which is an impurity of Erythromycin.<br>References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications Trichloro[2-(chloromethyl)-2-propen-1-yl]silane is an intermediate used in the synthesis of 2-​(Chloromethyl)​allyl-​trimethylsilane (C371430), which is one of the reagents to synthesize Leucasandrolide A Macrolide (I) via Mukaiyama aldol coupling.2-​(Chloromethyl)​allyl-​trimethylsilane was used in catalytic Sakurai reaction of α,​β-​enones.<br>References Kopecky, D., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 8420 (2001).Lee, P., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 66, 8646 (2001).<br></p>