Toxicology

<p>Applications Isosulfamethoxazole is an impurity of the antibacterial drug Sulfamethoxazole (S699086). It is a sulfonamide antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase.<br>References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 467 (1973), Wormser, G.P., et al.: Drugs, 24, 459 (1982), Wharton, M., et al.: Ann. Intern. Med., 105, 37 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications METHYL 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYCINNAMATE (cas# 20329-96-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-(p-Chloro-α-phenylbenzyl)-1-piperazineethanol is used in the synthesis of antifungal triazole and imidazole derivatives. Impurity of an intermediate in the formation of Cetrizine.<br>References Rezaei, Z. et al.: Archiv. Pharm., 344, 658 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Azure C Dye Content 40% is a useful antifungal and antibacterial cationic dye for studying E. coli K30 bacterial polysaccharide.<br>References Das, B., et al.: Surface Review and Letters, (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetraethylthiourea is an impurity of Disulfiram (D493640) which is used as rubber accelerator; vulcanizer; seed disinfectant; fungicide; alcohol deterrent.<br>References Child, C., et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 8, 305 (1952), Nash, N.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 168 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces spp. Antiamebic; antibacterial; antirickettsial.<br>References Weiss, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 7, 374 (1957), Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclanilide is a plant growth regulator that functions by interactting with auxin-regulated processes. Cyclanilide is commonly used on cotton plants to either suppress vegetative growth or accelerate senescence. Cyclanilide is also used as a bioregulator of deciduous fruit trees.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Burton, J. et al.: Proc. Plant Growth Reg. Soc. Am., 36, 56 (2009); Burton, J. et al.: J. Plant Growth Reg., 27, 342 (2008); Elfving, D.C. et al.: Act Horticul., 884, 159 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Flupirtine (F598510). Analgesic. Substituted pyridine with central analgesic properties. A potassium channel opener<br>References Vaupel, D., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 162, 447 (1989), Nickel, B., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 40, 909 (1990), Lunemann, J., et al.: J. Immunol., 168, 4881 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications The main cis-monohydroxylated metabolite of Praziquantel (P702095).<br>References Buehring, K., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharm., 3, 179 (1978), Moldeus, P., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 52, 60 (1978), Cioli, D., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 68, 35 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent inhibitor of taurine transport.<br>References Guidotti, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 2, 341 (1970),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethaboxam is a pesticide used as a fungicide against fungal infections in crops.<br>References Kim, D. et al.: Pest Manage. Sci., 60, 1007 (2004); Park, M. et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotech., 13, 43 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Didemethyldiuron acts as a reagent in the synthesis of hydatoin derivatives with anticonvulsant properties. Derivative of Diuron (D494415), a phenyl urea herbicide. Pre-emergent herbicide.<br>References Mahjabin; S. et al.: Pharm. Chem., 7, 100 (2015); Norsworthy, J., et al.: Weed Technol., 24, 64 (2010), Armenta, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal., Chem., 397, 297 (2010), Neuwoehner, J., et al.: Aquatic Toxicol., 97, 58 (2010), Wong, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 5897 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid based insecticide. Tefluthrin is used in the control of a broad range of soil pests, including members of the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McDonald, E. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pest Dis., 3, 1143 (1986); Jutsum, A.R. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methylol Minocycline is a derivative of Minocycline Hydrochloride (M344800); a second generation tetracycline antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Zbinovsky, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 323 (1977); Oringer, R.J., et al.: J. Periodontol., 73, 835 (2002); Chung, J.Y.L., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 49, 6095 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Metam-sodium-d3 Hydrate is labelled Metam-sodium (M225810,Hydrate; M258950, anhydrous) which is a soil fumigant that is widely used as a pesticide.<br>References Reif, D.M., et al.: Enviro. Health. Perspect., 118, 1714 (2010); Knight. A.W., et al.: Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 188 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Hydrochloride is an isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products. It is also implicated as an allergen. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solution.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Collier, P.J., et al.: J. App. Bacteriol., 69, 578 (1990); Smaoui, S., et al.: Biocontrol. Sci., 17, 135 (2012); Lodders, N., et al.: System. App. Microbiol., 35, 246 (2012); Felix, J.S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 403, 2869 (2012); Chem. and Eng. News, p.22 Dec. 15, 2014<br></p>

<p>Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity A<br>Applications An epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyroxasulfone is an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids. Pyroxasulfone is also used to control grass weed species in pre-emergence in major field crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Busi, R., et al.: Pest. Manag. Sci., 72, 1665 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications A mixture of 2 labelled metabolites of Bbutadiene. The isomeric ratio has been determine to be approximately 1:1 based on proton nmr integration.<br>References Barnsley, E.A., et al.: Biochem. J., 100, 362 (1966),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,2,2-Trichloro-acetic Acid is an acetic acid analogue used for the precipitation of macromolecules including proteins, DNA and RNA as well as for cosmetic treatments.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wiley D. et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 35m S210 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2,4,5-Tetrahydrotestolactone is a steroid with estrogenic properties. A steroid lactone.<br>References Pollard, I., et al.: Steroids, 11, 897 (1968), Volovel'skii, L. N., et al.: Zh. Obshch. Khim., 43, 1414 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications Olodaterol is a long acting β-adrenoceptor agonist used as an inhalation for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Cazzola, M., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 64, 450 (2012); Bouyssou, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 1410 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine can be used as reactant/reagent in preparation of N-phenylsulfony-N'-pyrimidinylureas as herbicides.<br>References Hamprecht, G., et al.: Ger. Offen., DE 4322726 A1 19950112 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of Ethionamide.<br>References Rivera-Marrero, C., et al.: Microb. Pathog., 25, 307 (1998), Baulard, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 28326 (2000), Cole, S., et al.: Nature, 409, 1007 (2001), Liang, X., et al.: Bacteriology, 183, 843 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications NSC 295642 acts as a potential inhiibitor of Caax protease disrupting yeast Ras localization.<br>References Manandhar, S. et al.: Yeast, 27, 327 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of vitamin A (Retinol) (R252000).<br>References Allo, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 266, 22003 (1991), Brancolini, C., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 139, 759 (1997), Bubb, M., et al.: J. Biol .Chem., 269, 14869 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Iodothyronacetic Acid is a 3-Iodothyronamine metabolite that has functional effects in FRTL-5 thyroid cells.<br>References Agretti, P. et al.: J. Mol. Endocrinol., 47, 23 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitisinone is a herbicidal triketone that inhibits 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), an enzyme involved in plastoquinone biosynthesis in plants and in tyrosine catabolism in mammals. It is used in treatment of inherited tyrosinemia type I.<br>References Lindstedt, S., et al.: Lancet, 340, 813 (1992), Ellis, M.K., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 133, 12 (1995), Lock, E.A., et al.: J. Inherited Metab. Dis., 21, 498 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atorvastatin EP Impurity D<br>Applications O-Methyl Atovaquone (Atorvastatin EP Impurity D) is a Atovaquone derivative that shows protozoacidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum.<br>References Danoun, S., et. al.: Heterocycl. Commun., 5, 343 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled o-Cresol is a compound used as a disinfectant and have also been used as antiseptic in surgery.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Razavi, S.M., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 26, 2148 (2012); Asadollahi-B. M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 34, 826 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tauro-α-muricholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile acid released by the liver and is typically used in cholestasis studies.<br>References Yang, L. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 2280 (2008); Holm, R. et al.: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 5070 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Metabolite of Testosterone (T155000).<br>References Shibata, N., et al.: Biochem. J., 368, 783 (2002), Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 83, 136 (2005), Schulze, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93, 2500 (2008), Sten, T., et al.: Drug<br></p>

<p>Applications Systemic agricultural fungicide.<br>References Ozer, N., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 158, 744 (2010), Schafer, R., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1665 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications Octanoic Acid-13C4 is an isotopic analog of Octanoic Acid (O237880), which is found naturally in the milk of various mammals. Its esters can be used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. It is also an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer. Caprylic acid is also used in the treatment of some bacterial infections.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lide, D. R., et al.: CRC Handbook chem. Phys., 70th Ed. (1990); Beare-Rogers, J., et al.: Pue Appl. Chem., 73 (4), 685 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Salicylic Acid 4-Sulfate is a urine metabolite of Methylated paraben (B693600), an antimicrobial agent used in cosmetic products.<br>References Tsukamoto, H., et al: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 10, 86 (1962); Desai, N.B., et al.: J. Sci. Indust. Res., 14, 330 (1955);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tilmicosin-d3 is the labeled analogue of Tilmicosin (T440500), a macrolide antibiotic structurally related to tylosin. Antibacterial.<br>References Debono, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 42, 1253 (1989); Ose, E.E., et al.: Vet. Rec., 123, 367 (1988); Morck, D.W., et al.: J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 202, 273 (1993)<br></p>