Toxicology

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Lupulone is a hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) acid that inhibits tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Saugspier, M. et al.: Onc. Rep., 28, 1423 (2012); Kavalier, A. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 59, 4783 (2011);

Applications Sulfoxaflor-d3 is the isotope analog of Sulfoxaflor. Sulfoxaflor, is a new insecticide which acts as an insect neurotoxin, and is the only member of class of chemicals called the sulfoximines which act on the central nervous system of insects with much lower toxicity to mammals.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Anon, IP.com J., 12, 19 (2011)

Applications Melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist. Sedative, hypnotic.
References Yukuhiro, N., et al.: Brain Res., 59, 1027 (2004), Cajochen, C., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 114 (2005), Kato, K., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 48, 301 (2005),

Applications Cyhalothrin solution is a synthetic insecticidal solution. Also, it is one of 124 pesticide residues in Chinese liquor-making raw materials (sorghum and rice hull).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Han, Y., et al.: Food Chem., 241, 258-267 (2018)

Impurity Ritonavir EP Impurity E
Applications Hydroxy Ritonavir (Ritonavir EP Impurity E) is a metabolite of Ritonavir (R535000), HIV-1 protease inhibitor. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Eagling, V., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 543 (1999), Eagling, V., et al.: Xenobiotica, 32, 1 (2002), Meaden, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 50, 583 (2002), Treijtel, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1325 (2005),

Applications Labelled Triclocarban. Used as bacteriostat and antiseptic in soaps and other cleansing compositions. Antiseptic, disinfectant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Rastogi, S., et al.: Contact Derm., 32, 28 (1995), Thomassin, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15, 831 (1997), Heath, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 11110 (1999), Dayan, A., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 45, 125 (2007),

Applications A microorganism based antimicrobial with high efficiency, low toxicity and good environmental compatibility. A key effective component of the pesticide M18.
References Chen, Y. et al.: Sci China, Ser. C Life Sci., 51, 174 (2008); Xu, Y. et al.: Jin. Yu Zhuan. Huax., 12, 8 (2004); Badria, F.A. et al.: Scient. Pharmac., 62, 355 (1994);

Applications Clomazone is used in herbicidal combinations.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Zagar, C., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 53pp. (2020)

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications Mixed conjugate of dietary phytoestrogen.
References Adlercreutz, H;., et al.: J. Steroid Mol. Biol., 52, 97 (1995), Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004),

Applications N-Ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)perfluorooctylsulphonamide is a perfluorinated alkyl sulfonamide (PFAS) used in a variety of consumer products for surface protection. It is a pollutant found in the air.
References Shoeib, M., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6599 (2005); Martin, J., et al.: Anal. Chem., 74, 584 (2002)

Applications Xanthohumol is found in the hop plant Humulus Lupulus. Xanthohumol decreases inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis during the healing of skin wounds in type 1 diabetic rats.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Costa, R., et. al.: J. Nat. Prod., 76, 2047 (2013) Yuan, Y., et. al.: Eur. J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 53, 55 (2014)

Applications Pigment Violet 23 is an organic pigment found in various colourings such as tattoo inks, visual art and archeological objects. Pigment Violet 23 is also used in the preparation of nano silica-filled color resists.
References Persechino, S.; et al.: Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 206, 547 (2019); Domenech-Carbo, M. T.; et al.: ChemTexts, 2, 1 (2016); Lee, C.; et al.: Adv. Polym. Tech., 31, 163 (2012).

Applications Carbimazole, a prodrug of Methimazole (M260300), is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
References Marchant, B., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 45, 1187 (1977), Johnsson, E., et al.: Lancet, 350, 1520 (1997),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications The optically active isomer of Carvedilol (C184625), a nonselective ß-adrenergic blocker with a1-blocking activity. An antihypertensive used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hirohashi, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 40, 735 (1990),

Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity A / Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity B
Applications Betamethasone 17-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity A) is a degradation product of Betamethasone. Glucocorticoid.
References Andersson, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 763 (1984), Wurthwein, G., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 11, 381 (1990), Samtani, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 726 (2004), Samtani, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1124 (2005),

Applications Labelled Linezolid. Prototype of the oxazolidinone antimicrobials; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation.
References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996), Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996), Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998), Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002),

Applications An orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984), Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985), Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999),

Applications The labelled enatiomeric analogue of the antimicrobial agent Thiamphenicol (T344160).
References Gal, J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 77, 1062 (1988); Martin, J. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 96, 215 (1979);

Applications Ethylphenidate Hydrochloride is the transesterification metabolite of Methylphenidate (M325880) and ethanol.
References Patrick, K.S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 2876 (2005); Naito, T., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 12, 588 (1964);

Applications Testosterone Cypionate is an anabolic steroid with androgenic properties. Testosterone Cypionate is used for testosterone therapy in males with hypogonadism.Controlled Substance.
References Rabkin, J. G., et al.: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 19, 19 (1999); Hajjar, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 3793 (1997); Rhoden, E., et al.: J. Sex Med., 7, 277 (2010);

Applications A major metabolite of Methylphenidate.
References Redalieu, E., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 10, 708 (1982), Brewer, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 87, 395 (1998), Shah, V., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 1551 (2000), Tanaka, N., et al.: Anal. Chem., 73, 420 (2001),

Applications A labelled form of Hexythiazox (H298500), which is a mite growth regulator and a thiazolidine based acaricide that has long-lasting effects against many kinds of mites and is applied at any stage of the plant growth from budding to fruiting. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).
References Martini,X., et al.: Pest. Manage. Sci., 68, 1471 (2012); Gilbert-Lopez, B., et al.: Food. Control., 26, 341 (2012);

Applications Labelled Isoprothiolane, a dithiolane pesticide. Isoprothiolane is commonly used in agriculture as a fungicide to control planthoppers and blast disease in rice plants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Chin, K.M.: Malay. Agric. J., 50, 221 (1975); Ikeda, Y. et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 57, 288 (1993); Nakamura, H.: Rev. Plant Prot. Res., 10, 1 (1977); Reddy, A.P.K. et al.: Pesticide, 22, 21 (1988);

Impurity Valproic Acid USP Related Compound B
Applications A constitutional isomer of Valproic acid; a potent anticonvulsant. Sodium valproate impurity C. Valproic Acid USP Related Compound B.
References Levy, R., et al.: Pharm. Res., 8, 551 (1991), Barton, M., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 47, 217 (2001), Fox, A., et al.: Pain, 105, 355 (2003), Archer, D., et al.: Anesth. Analg., 104, 180 (2007),

Applications Semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; related to Erythromycin A. Antibacterial.
References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An impurity in the synthesis of Erythromycin (E649950). An antibacterial.
References Zhang, L. et al.: J. Antibio., 64, 243 (2011); Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Ethanolamine-13C2 Hydrochloride is the labeled analogue of Ethanolamine (E676500), which is used in the preparation of various pharmaceutical compounds and inhibitors. Ethanolamine-13C2, is also a 13C-labeled lipid precursor, used for the detection of phospholipid metabolism and the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine in T47D human breast cancer cells.
References Ronen, S. M., et al.: Magnetic Resonance Med., 25, 384 (1992); Lombardo, L. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 6658 (2004); Egan, T.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 283 (2000);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Tenofovir Disoproxil derivative as antiviral and antitumor agent.

Applications Isotope labelled Hydrochloride salt of Varenicline (V098492), a nicotinic α4β2 acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. Aids in smoking cessation.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Benowitz, N., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 44, 23 (1988), Cohen, C., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 306, 407 (2003), Tapper, A., et al.: Science, 306, 1029 (2004), Coe, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 3474 (2005), Obach, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Disp., 34, 121 (2006),

Impurity Ofloxacin EP Impurity E
Applications Desmethyl Ofloxacin (Ofloxacin EP Impurity E) is a metabolite of Ofoxacin (O245750), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Leysen, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33, 1 (1989); Polk, R., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 27, 17 (1991); Todo, Y., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 2049 (1994); Furuhata, K., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 21, 456 (1998); Monk, J.P., et al.: Drugs, 33, 346 (1987); Drlica, K., Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2, 504 (1990)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Clarithromycin 9-Oxime is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.
References Stephanic, V. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 719 (2011); Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);

Applications Labelled Androgen. It has been used as an androgenic agent. Controlled substance (anabolic steroid).
References Bichet, N., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 106, 509 (1990), Gustafson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 53, 245 (2000), Copple, B., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 77, 172 (2004), Takashima, K., et al.: Life Sci., 78, 2787 (2006),

Applications Aripiprazole-d8 is a deuterated version of Aripiprazole (A771000), a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist with dopamine autoreceptor agonist activity.
References Canive, J.M., et al.: Psychopharmacol. Bull., 34, 101 (1998), Oshiro, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 658 (1998),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications N-[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-formamide is an impurity of miconazole (M342500). Antifungal (topical).
References Godefroi, E.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 12, 784 (1969), Brugmans, et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 102, 428 (1970), Heel, R.C., et al.: Drugs, 19, 7 (1980),

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications Used for detecting the presence of hydrolytic analytes, such as leukocytes, esterase, and protease. The detection of leukocytes is especially important in medical diagnostics.
References Jackson, D.S., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 20, 323(1), 108 (1995)

Applications Glucocorticoid receptor binding.A representative lots showed approximately 10% d8.
References Gazdar, A., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 5488, (1990), Bird, I., et al.: Endocrinology, 134, 2468 (1994), Auchus, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 3158 (1998), Dardis, A., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 179, 131 (2003),

Stability Light and Temperature Sensitive
Applications A synthetic analogue of Prostacyclin (PGI2) used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemia. It acts through elevation of cAMP by binding to the prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor). Iloprost inhibits the ADP, thrombin, and collagen-induced aggregation of human platelets with an ED50 of about 13 nM. In whole animals, iloprost acts as a vasodilator, hypotensive, antidiuretic, and prolongs bleeding time.
References Zamudio, T.P.: Arch. Cardiol. Mex., 77, 198 (2007); Lai, Y. et al.: Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med., 178, 188 (2008); Scorza, R. et al.: J. Rheutamol., 24, 1944 (1997); Melillo, E. et al.: Int. J. Microcircul. Clin. Exp., 15, 60 (1995);