Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Applications Scleroglucan is a natural polymer produced by fungi, especially those of the genus Sclerotium. Scleroglucan fluids have been used to trap and treat Cr(VI) in environmental applications.<br>References Brigand, G.: Industrial Gums (Third Edition), pp. 461 (1993); Pensini, E.; et al.: Colloids Surf., A, 559, 191 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications A selective and potent inhibitor of proteasome-mediated degradation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins. A Streptomyces metabolite that acts as a highly specific inhibitor of the 20S proteasome (MCP: multicatalytic proteinase complex).<br>References Fenteany, G., et al.: Science, 268, 726 (1995), Fenteany, G., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 3358 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isomaltotetraose, can be used for immunizication of hybridoma antibodies. the use of synthetic glycolipids as antigens enables one to study the gene control of antibody responses to glycolipids and to investigate the combining-site specificities of antibodies to a single antigenic determinant.<br>References Lai, E., et al.: Mol. Immunology, 22(9), 1021 (1985); Chen, H. T., et al.: Mol. Immunology, 24(4), 333 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Hydroxyl-tryptamine is used in plant growth regulator composition for improved efficacy. It is also used in compositions for use as chemical thinning agents.<br>References Williams, R., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 57pp. (2010); Williams, R., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Lysine-2,6,6-d3 HCl is a useful isotopically labeled compound of L-Lysine HydrochlorideDISCONTINUED PLEASE SEE L486915 (L468923)<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluorescent reagent and indicator of intracellular zinc ions. An analogue of widely used indicator, TS-Q. Zinquin ethyl ester is membrane permeable therefore useful to detect intracellular zinc ions. Zinquin ethyl ester forms a complex with a zinc ion with two nitrogen atoms in the structure. Used for studying the role of zinc in apoptosis.Fluorescence: max. Abs. l = 368nm, max. Em. l = 490nm<br>References Zalewski, P.D., et al.: Biochem.J., 296, 403 (1993), Zalewski, P.D., et al.: J. Histochem. Cytochem., 42, 877 (1994), Zalewski, P.D., et al.: Biochem.J., 303, 278 (1994), Zalewski, P.D., et al.: Chemistry &amp; Biology, 1, 153 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Phenylglutaric Acid is useful in the synthesis of manganese catalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclealkanes.<br>References Jana, A., et al.: ACS. Cat., 10, 2615-2626 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Carbamyl-L-glutamic Acid has been shown to have protective effects against ammonia intoxication and is used in the treatment of acute hyperammonemia.<br>References Paik, W.K. et al.: Life Sci., 15, 1189 (1974); O'Connor, J.E. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 148, 540 (1989); Lee, J.H. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Chem., 248, 391 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is a compound that was used as a component in hair dyes. There is evidence that indicate that 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate Hydrate has carcinogenic effects and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen by the NTC.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sontag, J.M. et al.: JNCI J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 66, 591 (1981); Sheu, C.-J. et al.: Mutat. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Test., 68, 85 (1979); Burnett, C. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1, 1027 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (cas# 81-33-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Butanedisulfonic acid - (CAS# 27665-39-0) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature and Light Sensitive<br>Applications Gibberellin A8 is a derivative of Gibberellic Acid (G377450), a hormone that is found in plants which promotes the growth and elongation of cells. Gibberellic acid acts as a plant growth regulator on account of its physiological and morphological effects in extremely low concentrations.<br>References Bayle, J. et al.: Chem. Biol., 13, 99 (2006); Ihara, S. et al.: J. Cell Sci., 119, 500 (2006); Suh, B. et al.: Science, 314, 1454 (2006); Rinaudo, K. et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 25, 795 (2007); Goto, N. et al.: Can. J. Botany., 77, 944 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Acetylamino)-3-(phenylthio)propanoic acid is a useful chemical in research.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine is an protected analogue of L-Phenylalanine (P319415), an essential amino acid produced for medical, feed, and nutritional applications such as in the preparation of Aspartame.<br>References Sriram, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 2540 (2013); Parker, B.M., et al.: J. Biotech., 155, 396 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications ADK Stab NA 21E is a nucleating reagent for polymerization.<br>References Thelakkadan, A. S., et al: Polypropylene composition comprising a nucleating composition comprising aluminosilicate and an organic nucleating agent, EP 3162844, (2017);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A glucosidase inhibitor.<br>References Fellows, L.E.: Pestic. Sci., 17, 602 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Valine (1-13c, 99%) (cas# 81201-85-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydrolanosterol, is a derivative of Lanosterol (L174580). It is also one of cytochrome P 450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), which is shown to have an important role in regulating meiosis and reproduction.<br>References Smiljanic, K., et. al.: Lipids, 48, 1069 (2013); Ma, L., et. al.: Food Chem., 139, 503 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 4,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-1,3-dioxol-2-one is an impurity of Olmesartan Medoxomil (O550000), which is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Used as an anti-hypertensive.<br>References Yanagisawa, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 323 (1996), Puchler, K., et al.: J. Hypertens., 15, 1809 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications An acylglycine present in urniary excretion that can be analyzed and be used as diagnostic tool for metabolic disorders, complementary to organic acids and acylcarnitine profiles.<br>References Bonafe, L. et al.: Mol. Genetics Metab., 69, 302 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Oleuropein is a tyrosol ester derivative of elenolic acid and phenolic glycoside found in olive oil. Oleuropein shows antioxidant, anti-ischemic and hypolipidemic activity. Oleuropein has also been used as an immunomodulator .<br>References Speroni, E. et al.: Phytother. Res., 12, S98 (1998); Andreadou, I. et al.: J. Nutrit., 136, 2213 (2006):;Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J. et al.: Shock, 26, 410 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Pentanoic-2,2,3,3-d4 Acid (CAS# 1219804-71-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Benzyloxycarbonyl L-Threonine Amide O-Methanesulfonate (cas# 80082-51-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Poly(ethylene Glycol) molecules of an average molecular mass of 200. Poly(ethylene Glycol) is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry. Recent research has shown PEG maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals. In rats, it has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery. It is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction. PEG is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.<br>References Borgens, R. et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 66, 1179 (2001); Stavisky, R. et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 376, 98 (2005); Nalam, P. et al.: Tribiol. Lett., 37, 541 (2010); Steinmetz, N. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 17093 (2009); Li, X. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 11147 (2011); Li, L. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 447, 192 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications May be used as a negative control for C2 Ceramide.<br>References Bielawska, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 26226 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications A purine antagonist. In the benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) binding assay, it inhibits the binding of 1.5 nM [3H]diazepam at 100uM in rat brains.<br>References Elion, G.B., et al.: JACS, 74, 411-414 (1952), Kelley, J.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 32, 1020-1024 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bathocuproine Disulfonic Acid Disodium salt is a mixture of isomers suitable for determination of copper. It can also be used in analytical role and study on analytical conditions of antioxidant assays for biological samples based on reduction of copper complexes.<br>References Marques, S. S., et al.: Int J Mol Sci, 15, 11387 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dideoxycytidinene, can be used for the synthesis of Zalcitabine (Z140000), which is pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with antiviral activity.<br>References van der Vliet, P.C. and Kwant, M.M.: Biochemistry, 20, 2628 (1981), Mitsuya, H., Broder, S.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 1911 (1986), Starnes, M.C., and Cheng, Y.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 988 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (3α,5β,7α)-7-Hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)-cholan-24-oic Acid is the 3-monosulfate derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (C291900), a major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate.<br>References Haslewood, E.S., et al.: Biochem. J., 155, 401 (1976); Parmentier, G., et al.: Steroids., 30, 583 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications [Leu5]-Enkephalin is a neurotransmitter used in molecular dynamics studies for the insertion of neurotransmitters into lipid bilayer membranes and their implication on membrane stability.<br>References Shen, C., et al.: ChemPhysChem, pages ahead of print (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluorescent reagent.<br>References Doyle, E.L., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 4593 (2003), Hwang, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 5773 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Poly(ethylene Glycol) molecules of an average molecular mass of 20000. Poly(ethylene Glycol) is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry. Recent research has shown PEG maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals. In rats, it has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery. It is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction. PEG is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.<br>References Borgens, R. et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 66, 1179 (2001); Stavisky, R. et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 376, 98 (2005); Nalam, P. et al.: Tribiol. Lett., 37, 541 (2010); Steinmetz, N. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 17093 (2009); Li, X. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 11147 (2011); Li, L. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 447, 192 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Substrate for TenA enzyme in the thiamin salvage pathway<br>References Jenkins, A., et al.: Nat. Chem. Biol., 3, 492 (2007), Jenkins, A., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 36, 29 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications It was identified in the antioxidant polyphenolic fraction of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). As a naturally occurring caffeoyl conjugate, Clovamide represents an interesting antiradical/antioxidant compound.<br>References Azizah, A., et al.: Food Chem., 64, 199 (1999), Mao, T., et al.: J. Med. Food, 5, 17 (2002), Park, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 8135 (2005), Zhu, Q., et al.: Clin. Develop. Immunol., 12, 27 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluorescent (optical) brighteners are known for their characteristics of protecting baculoviruses against deactivation by UV light and enhancing the activity of these agents as microbial insecticides on hosts and semipermissive hosts. Fluorescent brighteners improve the bioinsecticidal activity of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus.<br>References Darken, M., et al.: Science, 1962, 133, 1704 (1962); Hamm, J., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 85, 2149 (1992); Abot, A., et al.: Biol. Control., 7, 126 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glutamic Acid α-tert-Butyl Ester is an ester of L-Glutamic Acid used in the synthesis of enantiopure isotopomers of amino acids.<br>References Chauvel, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 2950 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quaternary ammonium base occurring in tissues of marine animals.<br>References Stein, W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 211, 915 (1954), Bystedt, J., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 10, 301 (1959),<br></p>

<p>Applications 13-cis-Retinyl Acetate is a derivative of 13-Cis-Retinol (R252110), an active metabolite of vitamin A.<br>References Shantz, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 183, A61 (1950), Barua, A., et al.: Biochem. J., 164, 133 (1977), Brouwer, I., et al.: Nutr. Res. Rev., 14, 267 (2001), Grillenberger, M., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 95, 379 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycolithocholic-2,2,4,4-d4 Acid (CAS# 2044276-16-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Disperse Blue 106 is a textile dye that causes allergic contact dermatitis. It is very rarely used in textiles nowadays.<br>References Wentworth, Ashley B., et al.: Dermatitis, 23(6), 269-274 (2012); Malinauskiene, Laura., et al.: Contact Dermititis, 67(3), 141-148 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholesterol (C432501) derivative. Cholesterol is a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones.<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Stability Stable at RT<br>Applications D-(+)-Cellohexose (cas# 2478-35-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Furfural is a compound mainly found in agricultural byproducts, and is produced from the hydrolysis and dehydration of xylan contained in lignocellulose using solid acid catalysts. Furfural is also a potential platform for biofuels and inhibits fermentation in yeast.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lange, J., et al.: ChemSusChem, 5, 150 (2012); Mamman, A., et al.: Biofuels, Bioprod. Biorefin., 2, 438 (2008); Navarro, A.: Curr. Microbiol., 29, 87 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Saikosaponin A was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing activation of NF-kB signaling pathway.<br>References Wu, S.J., et al.: Am. J. Chin. Med., 38, 99 (2010); Wu. S.J., et al.: J. Med. Food., 11, 224 (2008); Yoon, S.S., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 529, 97 (2012); Lu, C.N., et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 14, 121 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Nile Red is a photostable, lipophilic stain with bright red fluorescence. Dyes and metabolites.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5-Diiodo-DL-tyrosine is used for diagnosis of hypothyroidism caused by DEHAL1 gene defects.<br>References Encinas, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 11, 946 (1998), Daneshvar, A., et al.: Chemosphere, 80, 301 (2010), Eriksson, J., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 86, 528 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fatty acyl esters of 4-methylumbelliferone for use as fluorogenic substrates to continuously follow the hydrolytic activity of carboxylesterases, such as acid and alkaline lipases.<br>References Jacks, T.J., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 21, 279 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Applications Reactive Red 195 is an azo dye used in the textile industry to enhance the colour of a variety of fabrics.<br>References Ma, W. et al.: Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 24, 175 (2016);<br></p>

<p>M02724 - 3-Indolyl-b-D-glucuronide Cyclohexylammonium salt</p>

<p>Applications Acetyl-L-carnitine is a mitochondrial metabolite that helps to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy (1). Acetyl-L-carnitine also upregulate metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) via NF-κB p65 acetylation (2,3). It exhibits antidepressant and neuroprotective properties.<br>References (1) Stephens, F. B., et al.: J Physiol. 581, 431 (2007) (2) Wang, S. M., et al.: J Psychiatr Res. 53, 30 (2014) (3) Cuccurazzu, B., et al.: Neuropsychopharmacology 38, 2220 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glutamic Acid-d5 is an non-essential amino acid. Its salt form (glutamate) is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation and is important for learning and memory. It is also a key molecule in cellular metabolism.<br>References McEntee, W., et al.: Psychopharmacology, 111, 391 (1993), Manev, H., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 36, 106 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine Sulfate<br></p>

<p>Applications Aliquat 336 is a reagent in the synthesis of Iso Promethazine (I822500, HCl); an impurity of Promethazine (P757000, HCl) which is an antihistaminic, antiemetic, and CNS depressant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gasco, M.R., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 68, 612 (1979); Edge, W., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 279 (1953); Huang, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 772 (1970); Shearer, C.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 429 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9 is an isotope labelled analog of sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (G598700); a phospholipid and precursor in choline biosynthesis. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine is an intermediate in the catabolic pathway of phosphatidylcholine and is used as an nootropic.<br>References Schmidt, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 161, 523 (1945); Frattola, L., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 49, 683 (1991); Olson, D., et al.: Science, 270, 1967 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 20α-Dihydrocortisol is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615) which is a topical corticosteroid (1), more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland (2). Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis (3); suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Clark, D. et al.: Steroids 7, 352 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Marx, J., et al.: Science, 294, 508 (2001), Plosch, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33870 (2002), Lund, E., et al.: J .Biol. Chem., 278, 22980 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Ketorolac (K235650).<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Cyhalothric acid (CAS# 68127-59-3) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fast Green FCF is a widely utilized tissue and protein stain used in IEF &amp; SDS-PAGE, fluoresces near IR. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ramipril EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ramiprilat (Ramipril EP Impurity E) is a metabolite of Ramipril (R111000), and acts as an ACE inhibitor (1). Reduces the need for dialysis among patients previously on angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (2). Ramipril is used in stroke prevention. (3)<br>References 1. Teetz, V. et al.: Arzneimittelforschung. 1984;34(10B):1399-401.2. Ruggenenti, P. et al.: Lancet. 1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1252-6.3. Badrinath, P. et al.; BMJ. 2002 Aug 24; 325(7361): 439.<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glutamic acid dibenzyl ester 4-toluenesulfonate<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Tetrazolium Blue Chloride is used for its anti-plasmodium activity. Also used in the study of inhibition of diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction by β-amyloid peptides resulting in neurodegenerative manifestations. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Cui, X. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem., 16, 1927 (2008); Shearman, M. et al.: J. Neurochem, 65, 218 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erio Green B (CAS# 12768-78-4) is an organic dye and water-soluble pollutant used with textile fabrics. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Cochran, K. H.; et al.: Anal. Chem., 85, 831 (2013); Foguel, M. V.; Talanta, 170, 244 (2017).<br></p>

<p>Applications Pipecolic acid is involved in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.<br>References Nomura Y., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 6, 391 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzanilide (CAS# 120-35-4) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Z-VAL-MET-OH (cas# 108543-82-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications (4S)-4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine is 4S isomer of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, which is used as a treatment for type II diabetes.<br>References Martinez-Force, E., et al.: Biotechnol. Tech., 5, 209 (1991); Sauvaire, Y., et al.: Diabetes, 47, 206 (1998), Narender, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2006, 16, 293 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Solvent Blue 104 (cas# 116-75-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications A sterol, similar to cholesterol and is a substrate for the sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme in the bile salt synthetic pathway. The accumulation of this compound in urine can manifest as jaundice or, in more extreme cases, is a sign of Xanthomatosis.<br>References Honda, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 34579 (2001), Krasowski, M., et al.: Mol. Endocrinol., 19, 1720 (2005), Mast, N., et al.: Biochem., 45, 4396 (2006),<br></p>