Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Applications Abamine is an inhibitor of 9-Cis-Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), the key regulatory enzyme in the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathway.<br>References Kitahata, N., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 5555 (2006); Han, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 3033 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications S-Phenylmercapturic Acid-d5 is the labelled analogue of S-Phenylmercapturic Acid (P335600), an important metabolite of Benzene.<br>References Qu, Q., et al.: Am. J. Ind. Med., 37, 522 (2000); Ghittori, S., et al.: Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 67, 195 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sugar composition of sake.<br>References Giri, N.Y., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophysics, 145, 505 (1971a<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 12β-Hydroxyisocholic Acid is a bile acid.<br>References Batta, A.K., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 32, 977 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Sweroside is an active ingredient of iridoid glycoside isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica THUNB. (-)-Sweroside has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.<br>References Luo, Y., et. al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 57, 79 (2009); Keun, H., et. al.: Biosci. Biotech. Bioch., 74, 2022 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications gamma-Polyglutamic acid - sodium salt (cas# 25513-46-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Chenodiol (Chenodeoxycholic acid). A major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate. With other bile acids, forms mixed micelles with lecithin in bile which solubilize cholesterol and thus facilitates its excretion. Fcilitates fat absorption in the small intestine by micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides. Anticholelithogenic. Epimeric with Ursodiol.<br>References Danzinger, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1 (1972), Iser, J.H., et al.: Drugs, 21, 90 (1981), Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Acrylonitrile (ACN).<br>References Guengerich, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 41, 4925 (1981), Leonard, A., et al.: Mutation Res., 436, 263 (1999), Stadler, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 5550 (2004), Dybing, E., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 365 (2005), Rice, J., et al.: Mutation Res., 580, 3 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Larixol, is an intermediate in the synthesis of larixyl acetate. This compound is also found to have antibacterial activity and high potential antioxidant activity.<br>References Prideevech, P., et al.: Chiang Mai J. Sci, 40, 214 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Bromo-2’-deoxyguanosine (cas# 13389-03-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Chatgilialoglu, C., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 20, 1820 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-Dilinoleoyl-3-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol found in sesame oil.<br>References Lee, D., et al.: Analytica Chimica Acta, 429, 321 (2001); Jahaniaval, F., et al.: J. AM. Oil Chem. Soc., 77,847 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light and Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins. Used in the fluorescent antibody technique for rapid identification of pathogens. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Riggs, H.J.L., et al.: Amer. J. Pathol., 34, 1081 (1958), Mann, K.G. and Fish, W.W., Methods in Enz., 26, 28 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Crotonaldehyde.<br>References Gray, J.M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 55 (1971), Chung, F., et al.: Mutat. Res., 424, 71 (1999), Smith, C., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Pan, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 367 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-Dilinoleoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol found in sesame oil.<br>References Lee, D., et al.: Analytica Chimica Acta, 429, 321 (2001); Jahaniaval, F., et al.: J. AM. Oil Chem. Soc., 77,847 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications It is used as labelled biomarker for metabolic age.<br>References Selmer, T., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 1363 (2001), Connelly, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 1357 (2002), Lindon, J., et al.: Pharm. Res., 23, 1075 (2006), Monteagudo, E., et al.: Xenobiotica, 37, 1000 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyrene is a novel bio-based green solvent used in polymerization reactions. Byproduct in the synthesis of levoglucosenone fungicidal agent.<br>References Sharipov, B. et al.: Chem. Hetero. Comp., 55, 31 (2019); Marino, T. et al.: J. Membrane Sci., 580, 224 (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications A biologically active, cell permeable, but nonphysiologic ceramide analog. It stimulates protein phosphatase 2A at concentrations as low as 10 nM and activiates MAP kinase. It induces apoptosis and inhibits glycoproptein traffic by the secretory pathway.<br>References Liu, Z., et al.: J. Neurochem., 106, 2463 (2008), Heakal, Y., et al.: Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 724 (2009), Chen-Quay, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 606 (2009), Mahdy, A., et al.: Mol. Ther., 17, 430 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications TETA, is a macrocyclic ligand, used for development of new imaging agents.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, moisture sensitive<br>Applications Stearoyl L-α-Lysolecithin is an bioactive lysophosphatidylcholine derived compound found to be released by bronchial epithelial cells. Stearoyl L-α-Lysolecithin have also been utilized in the development of liposomes and michelles by drug transdermal delivery devices.<br>References Zhuge, Y., et al.: Allergy Asthma Immunol Res., 6, 66 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methyl-2(5H)-furanone (cas# 22122-36-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4α-Methyl-cholest-5-en-3β-ol is a derivative of Cholesterol (C432501), a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones.<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected glutamic acid for use in peptide synthesis.<br>References Takahashi, M., et al.: J. Exp. Biol., 200, 401 (1997), Michaelis, E., et al.: Prog. Neurobiol., 54, 369 (1998), Koch, H., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 55, 1044 (1999), O'Kane, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 31891 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications The urinary 1- and 3-methylhistidine (1- and 3-MH) metabolites as potential biomarkers of skeletal muscle toxicity. These metabolites were highly correlated to sex-, dose-, and time-dependent development of cerivastatin-induced myotoxicity. Natural but non-proteinogenic amino acid; employed as index of muscle protein breakdown.<br>References Berna, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 4199 (2007), Pritt, M., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 103, 382 (2008), Tonomura, Y., et al.: Toxicology, 266, 48 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ramipril EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ramiprilat (Ramipril EP Impurity E) is a metabolite of Ramipril (R111000), and acts as an ACE inhibitor (1). Reduces the need for dialysis among patients previously on angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (2). Ramipril is used in stroke prevention. (3)<br>References 1. Teetz, V. et al.: Arzneimittelforschung. 1984;34(10B):1399-401.2. Ruggenenti, P. et al.: Lancet. 1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1252-6.3. Badrinath, P. et al.; BMJ. 2002 Aug 24; 325(7361): 439.<br></p>

<p>M02697 - m-Aminophenyl boronic acid, hemisulphate</p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Ketorolac (K235650).<br></p>

<p>Applications Azo Rubine is an synthetic red food dye and is used for the purposes where food is heat-treated after fermentation. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Abu, S., et al.: Sensor. Lett., 10, 894 (2012); Harp, B. P., et al.: Food. Add. Contamin., Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk. Assess., 29, 886 (2012); Zohoori, S., et al.: Asian. J. Chem., 24. 1541 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Gluconic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Pangamic Acid (P179500, Ca Salt); a mineral supplement that is sometimes referred to as Vitamin B15 although it is not a true vitamin.<br>References Mansurova, I.D. et al.: Eks. Patol. Pech., 1, 58 (1973); Apanasenko, A.A.: Cor Vasa, 15, 20 (1973); Alkhanova, N.A.: Nauch. Tru. Kaz. Gosud. Med. Inst., 41, 83 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Dimethylamino)guanosine (cas# 2140-67-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Acrylonitrile (ACN).<br>References Guengerich, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 41, 4925 (1981), Leonard, A., et al.: Mutation Res., 436, 263 (1999), Stadler, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 5550 (2004), Dybing, E., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 365 (2005), Rice, J., et al.: Mutation Res., 580, 3 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Uvinul A Plus-d4 is the labelled compound of Uvinul A Plus(U850300) which is a component of cosmetic emulsion with UV protection.<br>References Chang, M., et al.: J. Food Drug Anal., 9, 199 (2001), Simeoni, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 38, 250 (2005), Vielhaber, G., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 5, 275 (2006), Lee, S., et al.: J. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 469 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.<br>References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Applications 20(S)​-​Ginsenoside Rh1 is an anti-cancer agent found in the leaves of ginseng.<br>References Zheng, M. et al.: Biomed. Res., 26, 646 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications A sulfhydryl reactive biotinylaton reagent.<br>References Carlsson, J., et al.: Biochem. J., 173, 723 (1978), Ghebrehiwet, B., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 110, 251 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Arainosine is used in the preparation of 5'-O-D-valyl adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside, a potential prodrug for improving the oral bioavailability of the antiviral agent Vidarabine (V305030).<br>References Shen, W., et al.: Nucleos. Nucleot. Nucl., 28, 43 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Butanedisulfonic acid - (CAS# 27665-39-0) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxysuberic Acid is a derivative of sebacic acid (S211410) a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.<br>References Ma, C. et. al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal. 105, 84 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications O6-Methyl-2’-deoxyguanosine is a ubiquitous DNA lesion formed by xenobiotic carcinogens and endogenous methylating agent, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A mutagenic adducts formed by a potent tobacco carcinogen, 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).<br>References Patra, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 291, 24304-24313 (2016); Gowda, A. S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 29, 1894-1900 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled N-Acetyl-S-(carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (A171870). N-Acetyl-S-(carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine is the urinary metabolite of Acrylamide (AA). Acrylamide is formed during the heating of food and is classified as a genotoxic carcinogen.<br>References Besaratinia, A., et al.: Mutat. Res., 80, 31 (2005), Bjellaas, T., et al.: Xenobiotica, 35, 1003 (2005), Bjellaas, T., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 45, 1020 (2007), Bjellaas, T., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 98, 110 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications (4-Hydroxyphenyl)glycine, is a key intermediate for the synthesis Cefpiramide (C243400), used as a β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Xiao, R. Q., et al.: Guangzhou Huagong, 41, 111 (2013);<br></p>

<p>M02724 - 3-Indolyl-b-D-glucuronide Cyclohexylammonium salt</p>

<p>Applications 4,4'-Thiodianiline is a carcinogenic aromatic amine used in the textile industry. It can also be used to modify electrodes in solar cells. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Kawakami, Tsuyoshi, et al.: Kankyo Kagaku, 22(4), 197-204 (2012);Yang, Shuiping, et al.: Analytical Chem., 81(15), 6070-6079 (2009);Yildiz, Huseyin B., et al.: Adv. Funct. Mat., 18(21), 3497-3505 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Methyl isocyanate.<br>References Slatter, J. G., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 4, 157 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholic Acid-d4 is a labelled analog of Cholic acid (C432600) which is a choleretic produced by, and isolated from liver cells.<br>References Nomoto, M., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 32, 172 (2009), Simonsen, H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2056 (2009), Miyata, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 338 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein is a pH-dependent fluorophore.<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-20-Hydroxyecdysone regulates gene transcription via a genomic pathway through a transcription complex that is formed.<br>References Liu, W. et al.: Endocrinol., 155, 1738 (2014); Wang, Q. et al.: Plant Physiol. Biochem., 84, 1 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used in the characterization and elucidation of coordination requirements of adenine nucleotides complexes with Fe(II) ions.<br>References Richter, Y., et al.: Nucleos. Nucleot. Nucleic Acids, 22, 1757 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Oxo-7α,12α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic Acid is a keto bile acid derivative.<br>References Bortolini, O. et al.: Tetra., 62, 4482 (2006); Bortolini, O. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 67, 5802 (2002); Iguchi, Y. et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 34, 1 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a cytotoxic nitrogen mustard derivative widely used in cancer chemotherapy. It cross-links DNA, causes strand breakage, and induces mutations. Its clinical activity is associated with a decrease in aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity. This substance is listed as a known human carcinogen.This compound is suitable for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) related research.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wheeler, A.G., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 4, 324 (1962), Fraiser, L.H., et al.: Drugs, 42, 781 (1991), Colvin, O.M., et al.: Curr. Pharmaceut. Design, 5, 555 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine is an impurity of Thiamine (T344185). Thiamine Impurity B.<br>References Aluwihare, L., et al.: Science, 308, 1007 (2005), Koch, B., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 1758 (2007), Reemtsma, T., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1430 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive: Desiccate<br>Applications A heterobifunctional sulfhydryl cross-linking reagent.<br></p>

<p>Applications A water soluble sulfhydryl and amino reactive heterobifunctional protein crosslinking reagent. Spacer Arm: 10.6 Angstroms<br>References Weltman, J.K., et al.: Biotechniques, 1, 148 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Boc-His(Trt)-OH was used in the study to prepare and study structure-activity relationship of amino acid amides as selective inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidases.<br>References Senten, K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 5005 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications POPE is a component of E. Coli bacteria cell membrane.<br>References Tu, Y., et al.: Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 594 (2013).<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Pantothenic Acid. A member of the B complex vitamins; essential vitamin for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A in mammalian cells. Occurs ubiquitously in all animal and plant tissue. The richest common source is liver, but jelly of the queen bee contains 6 times as much as liver. Rice bran and molasses are other good sources.<br>References Gardner, P., et al.: Food Chem., 68, 471 (2000), Ou, B., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2772 (2002), Bahorun, T., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 84, 1553 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Ribavirin (R414475). Purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.<br>References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986), Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993), Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994), Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-S-benzyl-d5-L-cysteine is deuterium labelled N-Acetyl-S-benzyl-L-cysteine, which is a metabolite of toluene.<br>References Gargas, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 98, 87 (1989), Commandeur, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 47(2), 271 (1995), Campo, P., et al.: Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 21, 427 (1999), Lohse, C., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 48, 5913 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol is used in the study of the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on diacylglycerol phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells. It is also a possible protein kinase C activator.<br>References MacDonald, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 1575 (1988); Massayoshi, G., et al.: BBRC, 144, 598 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)glycine (~90%) (cas# 5835-28-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Catechol (cas# 120-80-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1-Thioglycerol is generally used as a size-regulating capping agent for nanocrystals. 1-Thioglycerol is also used in bacteriology experiments to induce the synthesis of porphyrin compounds in aerobically growing Escherichia coli.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Harrison, M., et al.: Adv. Mater., 12, 123 (2000); Javor, G. &amp; Febre, E.: J. Bacteriol., 174, 1072 (1992); Wang, Y., et al.: J. Raman Spectrosc.,38, 34 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used in peptide N-terminal amino acid determination.<br>References Prota, G., et al.: Biochimie, 53, 51 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose is a carbohydrate contains in liquid smoke flavorings.<br>References Kim, K., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 38, 53 (1974), Guillen, M., et al.: Food Chem., 58, 97 (1997), Guillen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 1276 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Leuco Gentian Violet-d6 (Major), is a labelled metabolite of Gentian Violet in seafood products.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rushing, L., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 700, 223 (1997), Ohtsu, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5037 (2002), Yin, D., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 63, 211 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethylmalonic Acid is used as a diagnostic agent used in the diagnosis of Ethylmalonic encephalopathy which is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism.<br>References Baertling, F. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 173, 1719 (2014); Sudo, Y. et al.: Hu,am Genome Var., 1, 15016 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,6-Dihydroxynaphthalene-d6 is the isotopically labeled compound form of 1,6-Dihydroxynaphthalene(D454158) which is used in preparing rhodol-based fluorescent probes for the detection of fluoride ion and its application in water, tea and live animal imaging.<br>References Jin, Xilang. et al., SPECTROCHIM. ACTA. A. 224, 117467(2020);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a chemical reagent in studies relating to the synthesis of immunogens.<br>References Rich, J.R. et al.: Chem. A. Eur. J., 12, 845 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Aminobiphenyl<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Methionine-3,3,4,4-d4 (CAS# 67866-75-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 2-Acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-gluco- pyranosyl)-2-deoxy-6-O-(α-L-fucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (cas# 97242-84-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Carb. Res., 103, 15 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-L-proline is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used to synthesize Daclatasvir (D101500) which nhibits the HCV protein NS5A. Daclatasvir (D101500) can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV).<br>References Gao, M., et al.: Nature, 465(7294), 96 (2010); Bell, T. W., Chem. Med. Chem., 5(10), 1663 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycyl-glycyl-glycine is used as a model peptide for studies of physicochemical parameters and molecular associations of small peptides. It is also used as a copper chelator.<br></p>

<p>Applications Poly(ethylene Glycol) molecules of an average molecular mass of 2000. Poly(ethylene Glycol) is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry. Recent research has shown PEG maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals. In rats, it has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery. It is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction. PEG is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.<br>References Borgens, R. et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 66, 1179 (2001); Stavisky, R. et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 376, 98 (2005); Nalam, P. et al.: Tribiol. Lett., 37, 541 (2010); Steinmetz, N. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 17093 (2009); Li, X. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 11147 (2011); Li, L. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 447, 192 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful for the synthesis of Biocytin containing peptides to study the mechanism of reactions catalyzed by biotin - containing enzymes.<br>References Bodanszky, M., and Fagan, D.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 235 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications A sulfhydryl crosslinking reagent.<br>References Casale, G., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 9, 1037 (1996), Misra, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 3749 (2007),<br></p>