Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Applications D-Gluconic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Pangamic Acid (P179500, Ca Salt); a mineral supplement that is sometimes referred to as Vitamin B15 although it is not a true vitamin.<br>References Mansurova, I.D. et al.: Eks. Patol. Pech., 1, 58 (1973); Apanasenko, A.A.: Cor Vasa, 15, 20 (1973); Alkhanova, N.A.: Nauch. Tru. Kaz. Gosud. Med. Inst., 41, 83 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications The urinary 1- and 3-methylhistidine (1- and 3-MH) metabolites as potential biomarkers of skeletal muscle toxicity. These metabolites were highly correlated to sex-, dose-, and time-dependent development of cerivastatin-induced myotoxicity. Natural but non-proteinogenic amino acid; employed as index of muscle protein breakdown.<br>References Berna, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 4199 (2007), Pritt, M., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 103, 382 (2008), Tonomura, Y., et al.: Toxicology, 266, 48 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications One of the biologically active forms of nicotinic acid. Serves as a coenzyme of hydrogenases and dehydrogenases. NAD usually acts as a hydrogen acceptor, forming NADH which then serves as a hydrogen donor in the respiratory chain. Present in living cells primarily in the reduced form (NADPH) and is involved in synthetic reactions. Occurs in 2 forms, α-NAD and β-NAD, distinguished by the configuration of the ribosyl nicotinamide linkage. Only the β-anomer is bioactive.<br>References Bartlett, G.R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 234, 449 (1959), Dixon, M., et al.: Science, 132, 1548 (1960), Heyes, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 8265 (2004), Dietzek, B., et al.: Chem. Phys. Chem., 7, 1727 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quinoline yellow, is a yellow powder used in lipstick, lotion, soap, shampoo, bubble bath, ingested drugs, and applied drugs applications.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-(Hydroxymethyl)cytosine is a DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base.It may regulate gene expression or prompt DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine may be especially important in the central nervous system, as it is found in very high levels there.<br>References Guo, J., et al.:Cell 145, 423 (2011); Globisch, D., et al.: PLoS ONE 5, e15367 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-(+)-Cellopentaose (cas# 2240-27-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluorogenic substrate for the assay of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase, used in the diagnosis of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL).<br>References Goebel, H., et al.: J. Child Neurol., 10, 424 (1995), Verkruyse, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 15831 (1996), Sleat, D., et al.: Science, 277, 1802 (1997), Cho, S., et aL.: J. Neurochem., 71, 323 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Triton-X 100 is a non-ionic surfactant. Used in the enhancement of film porosity in conducting polymers.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tevi, T. et al.: Synth. Mat., 191, 59 (2014); Zhang, L. et al.: Nano Lett., 14, 4189 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity F/ USP Capecitabine Related Compound C<br>Applications Capecitabine-2',3'-cyclic Carbonate (Capecitabine EP Impurity F) is a capecitabine related compound C is an impurity in Capecitabine (C175650), an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).<br>References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Naphthol Yellow S Hydrate is used in methods for dying of textiles.<br>References Schoepgens, J., et al.: Ger. Offen., (2020);<br></p>

<p>Applications Amphiphilic molecule used in the synthesis of artificial cell membranes for diagnostics and therapeutics.<br>References Deckert, A.A., et al.: Langmuir, 11, 643 (1995); Charych, D., and Nagy, J.O.: Chemtech, 26(9), 24 (1996); Pan, J.J. and Charych, D.: Langmuir, 13, 1365 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cytidine analog. Used for preparation of nucleoside derivatives as inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA viral polymerase.<br>References Eldrup, A.B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 2283 (2004), Shim, J., et al.: Antiviral Res., 243 (2003), Wang, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 9489 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Didanosine EP Impurity C<br>Applications 2'-Deoxyinosine (Didanosine EP Impurity C) is an Inosine (I661000) analog with hypotensive activity. An impurity of the antiviral drug 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine (D440950).<br>References Maling, S.J. et al.: J. Appl. Biochem., 2, 130 (1980); Rao, D.V.N.S. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 45, 516 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cytidine (C998300) analog and also an isostere of Thymidine (T412000).<br>References Sabini, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 4219 (2008), Sabini, E., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 378, 607 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Azure A is an important nuclear staining component of polychrome methylene blue. Dyes and metabolites.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Nile Red is a photostable, lipophilic stain with bright red fluorescence. Dyes and metabolites.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methylbutyrylglycine is one of the acylglycines, an important class of metabolites that have been used in the diagnosis of several “inborn errors of metabolism” (IEM).<br>References Costa, C., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 21, 1215 (2000), Garcia-Villoria, J., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 2 (2009), Scalbert, A., et al.: Metabolomics, 5, 435 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(p-nitrophenylazo)benzenediazonium] Chlorozincate can be used for test kits to detect and identify narcotics. It has also been assessed for its suitability as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts and sonoelectrocatalysts.<br>References Callahan, M.D., et.al., U.S., 13,(2017); Sljukic, B., et.al., Electroanalysis, 17,1025-1034,(2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis includes topical treatments such as corticosteroids, antifungals, metronidazole and pimecrolimus.<br>References Miyachi, Y., et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 114, 231 (1986), Rallis, E., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 30, 191 (2004), Ozcan, H., et al.: Eur. J. Dermatol., 17, 313 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Isoleucine is not biosynthesized in the human body and is therefore categorized as an essential amino acid that must be obtained through diet. It is also an important building block that is used in the formation of hemoglobin in humans.<br>References Albanese, A.: J. Biol. Chem., 157, 613 (1945); Martin, R. &amp; Kirk, K.: Blood, 109, 2217 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Norbixin is a carotenoid used as cosmetic pigment and food colouring additive.<br>References Bouvier, F., et al.: Science, 300, 2089 (2003); Breithaupt, D.: Food Chem., 86, 449 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-Methylbutyrylglycine (M294340). 2-Methylbutyrylglycine is one of the acylglycines, an important class of metabolites that have been used in the diagnosis of several inborn errors of metabolism (IEM).<br>References Costa, C., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 21, 1215 (2000), Garcia-Villoria, J., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 2 (2009), Scalbert, A., et al.: Metabolomics, 5, 435 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, is a Bifunctional chelator, that can be used in the preparation of gadolinium complexes as MRI blood contrast agents.<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Carnitine-d9 is the isotope labelled analog of L-Carnitine (C184110); an essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Synthesized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado.<br>References Mitchell, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 293 (1978); Lango, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 51, 21 (2001); Vaz, F.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 361, 417 (2002); Karlic, H., et al.: Nutrition, 20, 709 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications (3β)-3,25-Dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of 3β,7α,25-Trihydroxycholest-5-ene (T795075); a potent agonist of GPR183 that induces specific activation of the receptor.<br>References Antunes, L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemtherap., 55, 1494 (2011); Schwarz, M., et al.: J. Cin. Invest., 106, 1175 (2000); Zhang, J., et al.: BIochem. J., 322, 175 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Cystine Bis(T-butyl Ester) Dihydrochloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of chelate oxorhenium to create new integrin antagonists.<br>References Le Gal, J., et al.: J. Inorg. Biochem., 105, 880 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Capecitabine.<br>References Arellano, M., ET AL.: Br. J. Cancer, 77, 79 (1998), Budman, D., ET AL.: J. Clin. Oncol., 16, 1795 (1998), Khanna, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 60, 4725 (2000), Charasson, V., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 731 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-tert-Boc-L-alanine is the protected form of L-Alanine (A481500), a non-essential amino acid that can be found naturally in the human body and is obtained by our diet.<br>References Anderson, H., et al.: J. Nutr., 99, 82 (1969)<br></p>

<p>Applications Valeric Acid Sodium Salt (cas# 6106-41-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Δ5-Avenasterol is an analog of Stigmasterol (S686750); a plant sterol that is used as a precursor in the synthesis of progesterone.<br>References Han, P., et al.: Biotechnol. App. Biochem., 54, 105 (2009); Matsunaga, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 393, 222 (2009); Huang, C., et al.: Plant Physiol., 150, 1192 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Amaranth is a food color additive that induces differential colon DNA damage in rat and mouse. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Shimada, C., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 35, 547 (2010); Goda, M., et al.: Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 54, 188 (2013); Wang, M., et al.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 809, 117 (2018); Lu, L., et al.: Guangdong Huagong, 43, 117 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled 3-Aminoisobutyric Acid (A611585). Substituted β-alanines. Used for preparation and isolation of D(-)-β-aminoisobutyric acid.<br>References Kakimoto, Y., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 3288 (1961),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hydrogscopic<br>Applications Defines the P blood-group system and it functions as specific ligands towards receptors of uropathogenic E. coli and the Shigella dysenteriae toxin.<br>References Race, R.R., et al.: Bood Groups in Man, 6th Edn., Blackwell, Osford, 1975, Kallenius G., et al.: FEMS Lett., 7, 297 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Cytarabine, a compound used as an antineoplastic and antiviral. A selective inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Does not inhibit RNA synthesis.<br>References Donehower, R.C., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 70, 1059 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications A triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants. Inhibits secretory phospholipase A2.<br>References Andrikopoulos, N., et al.: J. Med. Food, 5, 1 (2002), Lanteri, S., et al.: Food Chem., 76, 501 (2002), Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 155, 535 (2008), Sotiroudis, T., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr, 47, 69 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A well-known, highly active stimulant of cell divisions in plant tissue cultures.<br>References D.S. Letham: Phytochemistry, 12, 2445 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pigment Red 170 (cas# 2786-76-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic Acid has been used in the preparation of oligomeric acid azo dyes and yields a reddish orange color in the dye.<br>References Shah, T.B., et. al.: Int. J. Polyemric Mater., 58, 681 (2009); Smith, K., et. al.: J. Environ., Res. Development, 2, 20 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Galactono-1,4-lactone was used in carbohydrate research as an elution compound for the purification process of exo-β-D-galactofuranosidase enzyme.<br>References Miletti, L.C., et al.: Carbohydrate. Res., 320, 176 (1999); Nidetzky, B., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioengineer., 44, 961 (1996);<br></p>

<p>M02481 - SB-203580</p>

<p>Applications 1-(Azidomethyl)pyrene (cas# 1006061-57-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Abamine is an inhibitor of 9-Cis-Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), the key regulatory enzyme in the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathway.<br>References Kitahata, N., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 5555 (2006); Han, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 3033 (2004)<br></p>