Terpenoids

Esculentoside H is a naturally occurring triterpenoid saponin, which is derived from the plant Phytolacca esculenta, commonly known as the pokeweed. This compound has garnered significant interest due to its unique mode of action as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent. By modulating cellular signaling pathways, Esculentoside H can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress the activation of NF-kB, a key transcription factor involved in inflammatory responses.

Prosaikogenin G is a saponin derivative, which is a bioactive compound commonly found in medicinal plants, traditionally used in Eastern medicine. Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides, and they have a wide range of biological activities due to their amphiphilic nature. Prosaikogenin G is specifically sourced from Bupleurum species, a well-known genus in herbal medicine. These compounds have been extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

Congmunoside V is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also known as Jiaogulan. This plant is traditionally recognized in herbal medicine and is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, primarily found in East Asia. Triterpenoid saponins are a class of chemical compounds composed of a sapogenin (triterpene) attached to sugar moieties, which confer a variety of biological activities.

Illudin S is a sesquiterpene toxin, which is a naturally occurring compound isolated from several species of fungi belonging to the genus Omphalotus, such as Omphalotus olearius, commonly known as the Jack-o'-lantern mushroom. Its mode of action involves alkylating DNA, which leads to DNA cross-linking and subsequent inhibition of DNA synthesis. This mechanism renders it highly cytotoxic, as it can induce cell death by disrupting normal cellular replication processes.

Cycloartenol acetate is a natural triterpenoid, which is primarily derived from plant sources. It serves as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of sterols, crucial components of plant cell membranes. The compound is synthesized in the plant's cellular systems through the cyclization process from 2,3-oxidosqualene, utilizing cycloartenol synthase enzymes. This enzymatic modification marks the diverging point between plant sterol and steroid biosynthesis pathways, distinguishing it from similar pathways in animals and fungi.

Flavour and scent of grapefruit

Escin Ib is a natural saponin glycoside, which is derived from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum, commonly known as horse chestnut. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the enzyme hyaluronidase, thereby reducing capillary permeability and effectively controlling edema and inflammation. Additionally, it acts by stabilizing lysosomal membranes, further contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Pinifolic acid is a bioactive compound, which is derived from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), a species of pine native to Eurasia. This compound is extracted from the needles and bark of the tree, recognized for its rich content of polyphenolic compounds. The mode of action of pinifolic acid involves potent antioxidant activity, which is facilitated by its ability to scavenge free radicals and thereby reduce oxidative stress at the cellular level. The bioactive components are believed to interact with various biochemical pathways, potentially exerting anti-inflammatory and protective effects on various tissues.

Cimigenol is an acetate extract from the plant Cimicifuga foetida. This extract has been shown to have antiproliferative and anticomplement activities, as well as a pharmacokinetic profile that is similar to epinephrine. It has been shown to induce autophagy in prostate cancer cells and inhibit the growth of fetal bovine retinal pigment epithelium cells. The mechanism of action of cimigenol is not yet known, but it may involve hydroxyl group reactions with proteins or epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors on cell surfaces. Cimigenol also has anticancer properties that are mediated by its ability to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).
CIMIGENOL- A potent acetate extract from the plant Cimicifuga foetida, which has been shown to have antiproliferative and anticomplement activities, as well as a pharmacokinetic profile that is similar to

Tripdiolide is a bioactive diterpenoid, which is derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, commonly known as Thunder God Vine. This compound exerts its effects through a complex mode of action, primarily involving the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways and the induction of apoptosis. Recent studies have also suggested its role in modulating the immune response by targeting specific cytokines and signaling pathways.

QS-21 is a saponin-based adjuvant, which is a compound used to enhance the body's immune response to an antigen. This product is derived from the bark of the Quillaja saponaria tree, commonly known as the soapbark tree, native to Chile. The mode of action of QS-21 involves stimulating the immune system by activating antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which in turn enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses.

Lupeol acetate analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.