Flavonoids

Conrauinone C is an alkaloid, which is a type of naturally occurring chemical compound. It is derived from certain plants, particularly those found in tropical regions, belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This alkaloid exhibits its mode of action by interacting with specific molecular targets in biological systems, potentially modulating cellular pathways and affecting enzyme activity.

Dehydroequol is a dietary supplement ingredient, which is a metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein. It is produced through the biotransformation by certain gut bacteria that convert daidzein into equol compounds, specifically the dehydrogenated form. This compound is noted for its estrogenic activity, acting primarily as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Dehydroequol binds to estrogen receptors with a preference for the beta subtype, exerting moderate estrogenic effects.

Rotenone is a naturally occurring insecticide and piscicide, which is derived from the roots of several tropical and subtropical plant species, primarily from the Leguminosae family. Its primary source includes plants such as *Derris* and *Lonchocarpus*. Rotenone works by inhibiting cellular respiration. Specifically, it interferes with the mitochondrial electron transport chain by binding to complex I, blocking the production of ATP and ultimately leading to cell death.

3'-Hydroxy-5'-prenylbiochanin A is a prenylated isoflavone, which is a type of naturally occurring polyphenolic compound. It is predominantly sourced from various plant species, particularly those belonging to the Fabaceae family, such as legumes and soy. These compounds are often found in the plant's roots, stems, and leaves and play crucial roles in plant defense mechanisms.

Icariin is a bioactive flavonoid compound, which is primarily derived from plants in the genus Epimedium, commonly known as Horny Goat Weed. This compound is a prenylated flavonol glycoside that is found in varying concentrations depending on the specific species of Epimedium used. Icariin exerts its effects through multiple biochemical pathways, most notably by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which leads to an increase in nitric oxide levels and the subsequent vasodilation of blood vessels.

Inhibits CYP3A4 and Shad 3 transcription; antioxidant; anti-tumor

Taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside is a natural flavonoid glycoside, which is primarily sourced from certain plant species, including members of the Pinaceae family. This compound is recognized for its unique chemical structure, comprising taxifolin attached to a rhamnose sugar moiety. Its mode of action predominantly involves the scavenging of free radicals, thanks to its potent antioxidant properties. Taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside exhibits the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, thereby contributing to the protection of cellular components from oxidative stress.

7,2'-Dihydroxy-4',5'-dimethoxyisoflavone is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is a type of flavonoid commonly found in various plants. Isoflavones are primarily sourced from legumes and are prevalent in dietary phytoestrogens. The mode of action of this compound involves modulation of cellular pathways due to its antioxidant properties and potential to interact with estrogen receptors. Such interactions may influence gene expression and cell proliferation in specific tissue types.

Cirsimaritin is a natural product that is classified as a flavonoid, which is derived from various plants, particularly those belonging to the Asteraceae family. As a plant metabolite, Cirsimaritin plays a significant role in the plant’s own defense mechanisms against microbial infections and environmental stressors.

3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical. These compounds are commonly sourced from various plants, where they are present in fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. Flavonoids such as 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone are known for their role in plant pigmentation and protection against environmental stressors.

6,4'-Dimethoxyflavanone is a flavanone derivative, which is a type of organic compound belonging to the larger class of flavonoids. These compounds are primarily sourced from natural products, frequently occurring in various plant species. Flavonoids are known for their diverse bioactive properties, which can include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer activities. The mode of action for 6,4'-Dimethoxyflavanone typically involves interacting with cellular pathways to modulate enzyme activities or signaling processes, potentially influencing oxidative stress and cellular proliferation.

Neoisoliquiritin is a bioactive flavonoid glycoside, which is a derivative of isoliquiritin. It is primarily sourced from the roots of Glycyrrhiza species, commonly known as licorice plants. This compound is formed through the natural modifications of flavonoids within the plant, involving glycosylation processes that enhance its solubility and stability.

3,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavone, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is sourced from various plant species, notably those within the genus *Kaempferia*, and can also be synthesized in laboratory settings. The compound is characterized by its distinct chemical structure, featuring methoxy groups at the 3 and 7 positions on the flavone backbone.

Scutellarein is a flavonoid compound, which is derived from plants such as Scutellaria baicalensis (commonly known as Chinese skullcap). This flavonoid exists naturally in certain herbs and plays a significant role in traditional medicine practices. It is extracted from the aerial parts of these plants through various processing techniques, focusing on its bioactive potential.

3'-Hydroxy-3,5,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone is a specialized flavonoid compound, which is typically derived from various plant sources. This compound is part of the flavone subclass of flavonoids, known for their wide presence in the plant kingdom, contributing to the plant's pigmentation and offering various physiological benefits. The mode of action for 3'-Hydroxy-3,5,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone primarily involves antioxidant activity, where it functions to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress within biological systems. This property is crucial in mitigating cellular damage, thus playing a role in the prevention of various degenerative diseases.

3'-Prenylbiochanin A is a prenylated isoflavone, which is a type of natural compound often derived from plants such as those in the Fabaceae family. Its unique structure incorporates a prenyl group, which is a 5-carbon isoprene unit, added to the biochanin A framework. This structural modification can significantly influence the compound's biological activity by enhancing its lipophilicity and bioavailability in cellular environments.

Quercetin 3-α-L-rhamnoside is a flavonoid compound, which is a plant-derived product with rich biological activity. It is primarily sourced from various fruits and vegetables, where it occurs naturally as a glycoside. The mode of action involves its capability to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation through interactions with several cellular pathways, primarily by acting as an antioxidant and modulating enzyme activity related to reactive oxygen species.

3',4',5,7-Tetramethoxyflavone is a polyphenolic compound, which is a specific type of flavonoid. It is derived from various plant sources, where it occurs naturally as part of the plant's defense mechanism against environmental stressors. This compound exerts its activity through various biochemical pathways, including modulation of enzyme activities and interference with cellular signaling pathways. Studies suggest it may inhibit certain enzymes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby playing a potential role in therapeutic applications.

Phytoalexin isolated from the fungus-inoculated leaflets of Lotus angustissimus

4',5-Dihydroxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavone, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is derived from various plant sources, particularly those rich in flavonoids, such as certain fruits, vegetables, and herbal extracts. The compound's mode of action primarily involves its ability to act as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in biological systems. This antioxidant activity is often linked to neuroprotective properties, as it may help mitigate damage to neurons caused by oxidative stress.

Iriskashmirianin is a naturally occurring flavonoid derivative, which is isolated from specific plant sources. It belongs to the broader class of flavonoids, compounds known for their bioactive properties. The mode of action of Iriskashmirianin involves its interaction with cellular pathways, where it functions primarily as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It neutralizes free radicals and modulates inflammatory responses by influencing various signaling pathways at the molecular level.

3',4'-Dihydroxyflavanone is a type of flavonoid, which is a class of polyphenolic compounds known for diverse biological activities. This compound is primarily sourced from various plants, where it plays a role in plant defense mechanisms due to its antioxidant properties. The mode of action of 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavanone involves the scavenging of free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress at the cellular level. This activity is facilitated by its dihydroxy structure, which allows it to donate hydrogen atoms to neutralize reactive oxygen species.

Isoneorautenol is a synthetic compound, which is derived from complex organic synthesis processes. Its unique chemical structure allows it to interact specifically with certain molecular targets, making it an intriguing candidate for various biological and chemical applications. The mode of action of Isoneorautenol involves the modulation of specific biochemical pathways, potentially influencing cellular behavior and function.

7,8-Dibenzyloxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative, which is a type of organic compound often studied for its potential pharmacological properties. Isoflavones are primarily sourced from certain leguminous plants, where they are naturally occurring phytoestrogens and have been associated with various biological activities.

Naringenin trimethyl ether is a flavonoid compound, which is typically derived from citrus fruits and other plant sources. This compound is part of the larger class of polyphenolic compounds known as flavonoids, which are prominent for their presence in various plant species, contributing to a variety of physiological activities.

3'-Methoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone is a flavanone compound, which is a type of flavonoid commonly found in various plants. Flavanones are known for their diverse biological activities and are part of the polyphenol family. This particular compound is often sourced from natural plant extracts, such as those of fruits and herbs, which are rich in flavonoids.

4'-Hydroxy-3'-Methoxyflavanone is a flavanone, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is extracted from various plant sources, particularly those belonging to the citrus family. The compound displays a characteristic structural arrangement that includes an aromatic ring with hydroxy and methoxy substituents, imparting unique bioactive properties.

3,7,8,3',4'-Pentahydroxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is commonly found in plants and contributes to their defensive mechanisms. This compound is sourced from a variety of plant materials, where it acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress pathways.

3',4',7,8-Tetramethoxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is predominantly found in various plant species, where it serves vital roles in the plant's defense mechanisms and contributes to its pigmentation. This compound is characterized by its methoxy groups attached to its flavonoid backbone, which influence its bioactivity and solubility.

Podocarpusflavone A is a flavonoid compound, which is a type of polyphenolic molecule. It is isolated from the Podocarpus genus, a source known for yielding bioactive phytochemicals. The mode of action of Podocarpusflavone A involves modulation of various cellular signaling pathways, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which can influence cell proliferation and apoptosis.

3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is naturally occurring in various plants. These bioactive compounds are part of a larger group known as flavones, prevalent in many fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. Flavonoids such as 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone are synthesized through the plant's secondary metabolic pathways, typically as a response to environmental stressors or as part of normal growth processes.

Alpinumisoflavone dimethyl ether is a naturally occurring isoflavonoid, which is a type of phytochemical compound. It is derived from the plant family Leguminosae, particularly found in some species of the genus Millettia. This compound acts primarily through the modulation of cellular pathways associated with inflammation and cell proliferation, often involving the inhibition of specific kinases and signaling molecules that are active in both cancerous and inflammatory processes.

Vestitol is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is a bioactive compound derived from various plant species. As a flavonoid, vestitol is synthesized by plants during their metabolic processes and is found predominantly in legumes such as red clover. Its biochemical mode of action includes modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interactions with cellular signaling pathways that regulate oxidative stress. By scavenging free radicals, vestitol contributes to the protection of cellular structures and biomolecules from oxidative damage.

Lupinisoflavone D is a bioactive isoflavone compound, which is derived from natural plant sources, specifically belonging to the lupin species. This compound is meticulously extracted and characterized through advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, commonly sourced from Lupinus albus or other related legumes, where it is naturally present in small quantities.

Scutellarein 7-O-rutinoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of organic compound found predominantly in various plant species. This compound is mainly extracted from plants such as Scutellaria and Verbena, known for their rich flavonoid content. Its mode of action involves modulating various cellular pathways due to its antioxidant properties, which can scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in biological systems.

Sinensetin is a polymethoxyflavone, which is a type of flavonoid compound. It is predominantly sourced from citrus peels, particularly those of oranges. The compound exhibits multiple biological activities, primarily through its mode of action that involves modulating inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress responses. Sinensetin achieves this by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing inflammation processes at the cellular level.

6-Hydroxy-5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone is a methoxylated flavone, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is derived from various natural sources, including certain plant species where flavonoids are abundant. This compound features distinct methoxy and hydroxyl groups that contribute to its biochemical activity.

3-Hydroxy-5,2',3'-trimethoxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavone, which is a type of polyphenolic compound found in various plants. This compound is derived from natural sources and is often isolated from specific plant species such as certain herbs and fruits. The mode of action of 3-Hydroxy-5,2',3'-trimethoxyflavone often involves interaction with biological pathways at the cellular level, potentially including antioxidant activity, modulation of enzyme function, and influence on signal transduction pathways.

Prunetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is an organic compound derived from plant sources. It is primarily found in legumes and other plant materials where it naturally occurs as part of the plant's phytochemical arsenal. The mode of action of prunetin involves modulating various biochemical pathways, including acting as an antioxidant, influencing estrogenic activity, and affecting cellular signaling pathways. Its biochemical properties allow it to interact with multiple cellular targets, leading to its diverse biological activities.

Kaempferol 7-O-neohesperidoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is commonly derived from various plant sources, including fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. This compound is part of the broader flavonoid family, known for their bioactive properties, and can be extracted using advanced chromatographic techniques.

Pinocembrin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a flavonoid glucoside, which is a specialized type of plant secondary metabolite. This compound is primarily sourced from the plant genus *Eremurus*. The mode of action of Pinocembrin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside involves its interaction with various biological pathways, where it exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. It functions by modulating oxidative stress and reducing inflammation, which contributes to its protective roles in cellular systems.

Neohesperidin is a flavonoid-based natural sweetener, which is derived from the bitter orange and other citrus fruits. The mode of action of neohesperidin involves its conversion into neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), which is an intensely sweet compound. This transformation occurs through hydrogenation, enhancing its sweetening properties. As a sweetener, NHDC exhibits around 1,500 to 1,800 times the sweetness of sucrose depending on the concentration and pH of the medium.

**Alpha-Naphthoflavanol** is a synthetic compound, which is categorized as a flavanol derivative. It is synthesized from the naphthalene compound, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, through a series of chemical reactions involving hydroxylation and other functional group modifications. This compound is designed to specifically interfere with biological pathways by acting as an inhibitor or modulator in cellular processes.

7-Benzyloxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative, which is meticulously designed with specific substituents to enhance its bioactivity. This compound is derived from isoflavones, a class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found predominantly in soy products and other plants. Isoflavones are known for their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Cladrin-7-O-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of secondary metabolite commonly found in various plants. This compound is derived from natural sources, particularly plants belonging to the genus Cleome. Flavonoid glycosides are known for having a sugar molecule attached to a flavonoid backbone, which influences their solubility and bioavailability.

Dihydrorobinetin is a flavonoid derivative, which is a naturally occurring compound found in certain plant sources. It belongs to the larger group of polyphenolic compounds known for their diverse biological activities. Dihydrorobinetin is primarily extracted from plants such as locust trees, where it occurs as a secondary metabolite.

3,7,8,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is a type of secondary metabolite commonly found in various plants. It is derived from botanical sources like fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. This compound has gained attention due to its potential biological activities linked to its structural properties, specifically the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups that contribute to its antioxidant capacity.

Gossypetin-7-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a naturally occurring compound found primarily in plants. This substance is derived from the flavonoid gossypetin, which is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites in plants, predominantly sourced from cotton plants. The mode of action of gossypetin-7-glucoside is largely attributed to its antioxidant properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and potentially mitigating cellular damage.

Kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a natural compound found in several plant species, including tea, broccoli, and propolis. It is synthesized through glycosylation, where sugar moieties are enzymatically attached to the kaempferol backbone. This compound is known for its potent antioxidant activity, capable of scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress.

Isoflavan is a naturally occurring isoflavonoid derivative, which is primarily sourced from soybeans and other legumes. These compounds are secondary metabolites found in the plant kingdom, notable for their structural similarity to estrogens. Isoflavans act as phytoestrogens, binding to estrogen receptors and exerting both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects depending on the presence of endogenous hormones. They exhibit a multifaceted mode of action, encompassing antioxidant activities by neutralizing free radicals and modulating oxidative stress pathways.