Nucleotides

2'-C-Methyladenosine 5'-triphosphate triethyl ammonium salt is a synthetic nucleotide analog of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), modified at the 2'-carbon of the ribose ring. This molecule has potential applications in biochemical, enzymatic, and antiviral research, particularly in studies involving RNA synthesis and viral RNA polymerases.

2'-Deoxy-8-oxo-adenosine is a nucleoside that is a hydrogen bond donor. It is an analogue of adenosine, and has been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. 2'-Deoxy-8-oxo-adenosine reacts with the enzyme dATP pyrophosphohydrolase to form 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine, which inhibits mitochondrial DNA synthesis by preventing the incorporation of inorganic phosphate into mitochondrial DNA. This process leads to reduced ATP production, leading to cell death. The reactive properties of 2'-Deoxy-8-oxo-adenosine make it suitable for use as a probe molecule in chemical biology, as well as in biochemical studies on human serum.

3'-O-Methyluridine is a nucleoside that is used in the preparation of oligonucleotides and as a substrate for uridine phosphorylase. It is used to study the termination of RNA synthesis, which occurs when there are no more ribose residues in the RNA template strand. When this happens, an adenosine residue is added by polyphosphate kinase to the 3' end of the RNA strand. This addition causes a release of pyrophosphate and leads to end of DNA synthesis. The acid hydrolysis technique can be used to separate 3'-O-methyluridine from other nucleotides. This reaction produces guanosine, which can be detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

3'-Amino-3'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-thymidine is a specifically designed building block for introducing a 3'-amino group into oligonucleotides, primarily at the 3' terminus. The DMT protecting group facilitates incorporation during standard solid-phase synthesis, and the 3'-amino group provides a versatile handle for post-synthetic modifications and conjugations.

2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-a-uridine is a nucleoside analog with modifications on the 2'-carbon of the ribose sugar and the pyrimidine base uracil. This compound is a synthetic derivative of uridine with two fluorine atoms attached to the 2' carbon of the sugar. The α-stereochemistry of the sugar indicates a specific configuration that influences how the molecule behaves in biological systems, including its interaction with enzymes and incorporation into nucleic acids.

7-Deaza-2’-C-methylinosine is an antiviral agent that inhibits the replication of DNA or RNA. It is a nucleoside analog that can be phosphorylated to form a diphosphate or monophosphate. 7-Deaza-2’-C-methylinosine has been shown to have anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. This agent also has novel properties due to the presence of the methyl group at position 2’ on the deoxyribose ring.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a modified form of adenosine that contains a methyl group at the N6 position and has a high importance in epigenetics. Among other nucleoside modifications found in mRNA, N6-methyladenosine is the most common and abundant in eukaryotes, and is related to some cancers and viral infections (Huafei, 2020). Moreover, N6-methyladenoside has been reported to regulate RNA abundance in the SARS-CoV-2 infection (Zhang, 2021)

Anti-HCV agent; inhibitor of viral RNA polymerases

5-Methyl-2-thiouridine is a nucleotide that is found in the type strain of Escherichia coli. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis, with optimum concentration at 0.1 mM. 5-Methyl-2-thiouridine binds to the ribosome and inhibits its activity. 5-Methyl-2-thiouridine also interacts with human mitochondrial RNA and alters its structure, leading to an antibody response that protects against infection by the bacteria in question. This nucleotide has also been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in wastewater treatment plants. The chemical structures of 5-methyluridine are similar to those of uridine except for a methyl group on the second carbon atom (5 position). The presence of this methyl group confers increased water permeability and decreased kinetic energy on the molecule, which can be detected using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

N2-Isobutyryl-9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)guanine is a monophosphate analog of guanine. It is a novel antiviral agent that inhibits the DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase activities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The drug has a high purity and is available in large quantities.

9-(B-D-Ribofuranosyl)isoguanine is a purine analogue that is an anti-cancer drug. It has low potency and its biological properties are unknown. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of the polymerase chain reaction in vitro, but it is unclear if this activity will translate to in vivo models. 9-(B-D-Ribofuranosyl)isoguanine is structurally similar to pyrazole, which also inhibits the polymerase chain reaction in vitro. A recent study found that 9-(B-D-Ribofuranosyl)isoguanine may act as a toll-like receptor agonist and suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mice, which suggests that this drug may have anti-inflammatory properties.

Pseudouridine monophosphate disodium is an intermediate in the synthesis of uridylate, a nucleotide that is important for RNA and DNA synthesis. It is synthesized by the enzyme synthetase, which uses ATP as a phosphate donor. The enzyme has been found in rat liver microsomes and cell nuclei. Pseudouridine 5'-monophosphate disodium has an activity index of 2-3 and can be used to prepare samples for analysis by spectroscopy or chromatography. In addition, it has been shown to have biological properties such as anti-inflammatory activities and disease activity against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

N1,O2'-Dimethyladenosine is a monophosphate that is an antiviral agent. It has been shown to be a potent activator of the tRNA synthetase enzyme and also inhibits viral DNA synthesis. This drug is synthesized from diphosphate and phosphoramidites. N1,O2'-Dimethyladenosine has been shown to be highly active against viruses such as HIV-1, HIV-2, and HCV. It is also used in the production of modified nucleosides for use in synthetic constructs with therapeutic applications.