Purines and Pyrimidine Derivatives

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Paraquat Dichloride, a commonly used heribicide. Paraquat Dichloride is a fast-acting and non-selective viologen derivative that kills green plant tissue on contact. Studies suggest that there might be a possible link between Paraquat Dichloride and the development of Parkinson’s disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Heylings, J.R. et al.: Toxicology, 241, 1 (2007); Wibawa, W. et al.: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11, 145 (2009); Franco, R. et al.: Chem.-Biol. Inter., 188, 289 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tetrahydrobiopterin is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine , epinephrine, and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide by the nitric oxide synthases. Chemically, its structure is that of a reduced pteridine derivative.<br>References Levy, Harvey L., et al.: Lancet,  370, 504 (2007); Isojima, Yasushi., et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .,106, 15744 (2009); Burton, B. K., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 30, 700 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of Methotrexate<br>References Chiosis, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 10, 3555 (2002), Palanki, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4279 (2007), Zav'yalov, S., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 42, 51 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the novel synthesis of biologically active nitro heterocyclic compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pawar, N., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 21, 115 (2004), Badgujar, D., et al.: J. Sci. Ind. Res., 66, 250 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Orotic Acid-15N2 Monohydrate is a labelled analogue of Orotic Acid Monohydrate (O691500(P)), which is used in the preparation of therapeutic agents for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment.<br>References Furukawa, S.: PCT Int. Appl. (2009), WO 2009069291 A1<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Monapterin is the major pterin compound extracted from Escherichia coli (E.coli) and is used in its detection and identification.<br>References Sugimoto, T. et al.: Hetero., 54, 283 (2001); Ikawa, M. et al.: Phytochem., 38, 1229 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity I<br>Applications Methotrexate α-methyl ester is an impurity of Methotrexate (M260675), a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Methotrexate (M260675). A Folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Caffeine.<br>References Kalow, W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 53, 503 (1993), Sharma, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 5848 (1994), Sugawara, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16473 (2000), Takeda, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 302, 666 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Pemetrexed.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled marker for peroxynitrite. Oxidant and cytotoxic agent.<br>References Sekiguchi, M., et al.: Brain Res., 978, 228 (2003), van den Tweel, E., et al.: J. Neurobiol., 167, 64 (2005), Shirakura, T., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 1658 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Methotrexate-d3 Triglutamate is the isotope labelled analog of Methotrexate Triglutamate (M260725); a metabolite of Methotrexate (M260675) which is a folic acid antagonist, antineoplastic, and antirheumatic.<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958); Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Cl-kynurenic acid (7-Cl-KYNA) is a potent, selective antagonist of the NMDA/glycine receptor but penetrates poorly through the blood-brain barrier.  Its prodrug, L-4-Cl-kynurenine (4-Cl-KYN), readily enters the brain from the circulation and provides antiexcitotoxic neuroprotection after systemic application.<br>References Leeson, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 4053 (1994), Hilmas, C., et al.: J. Neurosci., 2001, 21, 7463 (2001), Palmer, G., et al.: Curr. Drug Targets, 2, 241 (2001), Wu, H., et al.: Exp. Neurol., 177, 222 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; decreases uric acid production. Used in treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. Antiurolithic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Benezra, S.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 1, (1978); Dalbeth, N., et al.: Rheumatology, 44, 1090 (2005); Dinarello, C., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 201, 1355 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine, an immunosuppressive drug used to treat leukemia.<br>References Chou, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 75, 1601 (2008), Conejo-Garcia, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 1742 (2008), Hawwa, A., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 66, 826 (2008), Askanase, A., et al.: J. Rheumatol., 36, 89 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxymethyl Sumatriptan is an analog of Sumatriptan (S810000), a serotonin 5HT1-receptor agonist.<br>References Humphrey, P.P.A., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1123 (1988), Doenicke, A., et al.: Lancet 1, 1309 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Ondansetron.<br>References Colthup, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 80, 868 (1991), Miyauchi, S., et al.: Pharm. Res.,10, 434 (1993), Ekins, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 23, 1274 (1995), Worboys, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 897 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-(4-Oxobutyl)benzoic Acid Methyl Ester is used as a reagent in the preparation of Pemetrexed (P219500) and furoxanoxyalkyl esters of Pemetrexed as antifolates and nitric oxide donors for use as anticancer agents.<br>References Zhao, D., et al.: Zhongguo Yaowu Huaxue Zazhi, 18, 445 (2008); Yi, B., et al.: Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi, 37, 798 (2006); Min, T., et al.: Med. Chem. Res., 18, 495 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Doxofylline is a xanthine molecule that appears to be both bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory with an improved therapeutic window over conventional xanthines such as Theophylline and the evidence supporting the effects of Doxofylline in the treatment of lung diseases.<br>References Franzone, J., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 14, 479 (1988), Nicholson, C., et al.: Pulm. Pharmacol., 7, 1 (1994), Sullivan, P., et al.: Lancet, 343, 1006 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ondansetron is a specific serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988); Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Febuxostat-d7, is the labeled analogue of Febuxostat-d7 (F229000), a Xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout.<br>References Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993), Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003), Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005), Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloromethyl Propyl Carbonate (cas# 35273-90-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of L-Phenylalanine, an essential amino acid.<br>References Hollunger, G. et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 34, 391 (1974); Bagchi, S.P. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 26, 900 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature sensitive<br>Applications 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodo Thyrolactic Acid is a thyroid hormone analogue. A Thyroxine (T425600) analogue.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Horst, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 261, 945 (1989); Kvetny, J., et al.: Horm. Metab. Res., 24, 322 (1992); Yamauchi, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 8460 (1999); Davis, P., et al.: J. Endocrinol. Invest., 25, 377 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications A nicotinic acid derivative which shows a dopaminergic neurotoxicity.<br>References Rollema, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 2221 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity H<br>Applications Methotrexate γ-methyl ester is an impurity of Methotrexate (M260675), a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Theophylline.<br>References Chen, Y., et al.: Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol., 36, 828 (2009), Yu, C., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 191, 4624 (2009), Jetter, A., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 65, 411 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue; reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Regadenoson is a selective and potent A2A adenosine receptor agonist (1). The adenosine A2A receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor and a key therapeutic target for oncologic, inflammatory, Parkinson's and cardiovascular diseases (2). In rodent studies, it has been shown that co-administration of Regadenoson with Temozolomide (T017775) can increase Temozolomide concentration in the brain (3).<br>References (1) Gao, Z., et al.: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 298, 209 (2001) (2) Yuan, G., et al.: Expert Opin Drug Discov. 10, 63 (2015) (3) Jackson, S., et al.: J Neurooncol. 126, 433 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of Caffeine (C080100).<br>References Wong, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 693 (2002), Nyeki, A., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 55, 62 (2003), Jetter, A., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 65, 411 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nonionic radiocontrast medium. Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium).<br>References Drayer, B., et al.: Am. J. Neuroradiol., 3, 59 (1982), Molyneux, A.J., et al.: Br. J. Radiol., 55, 117 (1982), Sovak, M., et al.: Radiology, 142, 115 (1982), Felder, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 115 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Theophylline is a xanthine derivative with diuretic, cardiac stimulant and smooth muscle relaxant activities; isomeric with theobromine. Small amounts occur in tea. Bronchodilator.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cohen, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 466 (1975), Svedmyr, K., et al.: Allergy, 37, 111 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methotrexate-d3 Hexaglutamate is the isotope labelled analog of Methotrexate Hexaglutamate (M260745); a metabolite of Methotrexate (M260675) which is a folic acid antagonist, antineoplastic, and antirheumatic.<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958); Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ondansetron EP Impurity A/ Ondansetron USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 3-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-4H-carbazol-4-one (Ondansetron EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Ondansetron (O655000), an antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mackinnon, J.W.M., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 25, 61 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Methotrexate-d3 Tetraglutamate is the isotope labelled analog of Methotrexate Tetraglutamate (M260730); a metabolite of Methotrexate (M260675) which is a folic acid antagonist, antineoplastic, and antirheumatic.<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958); Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications Succinimide is a reagent that is used in the synthesis of Lumiflavin (L473900), which is a toxic photolysis product of vitamin B2 (R415000).<br>References Zhao, X. et al.: Chemosphere, 63, 1116 (2006); Litke, S.V. et al.: Khim. Fiz., 10, 48 (1991); Ye, W. et al.: Guang. Yaox. Xueb., 12, 175 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Tosylate (cas# 80-40-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of Theophylline and Caffeine.<br>References Yu, Ch. et al.: J. Bacteriol. 191, 4624 (2009); Geraets, L. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol. 72, 902 (2006).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Memantine Related Compound A (1,3-Dimethyladamantane)<br>Applications 1,3-Dimethyladamantane is a dimethylated adamantane derivative. Memantine impurity A. Memantine Related Compound A (1,3-Dimethyladamantane).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications An aryl hydrazine used in the preparation of various dyes and pharmaceutical compounds. It is used in the investigation of oligosaccharides as well as the structure of photosystem II.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lattova, E. et al.: Meth. Mol. Biol., 534, 65 (2009); Anderson, L.B. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 4920 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications An adenosine receptor ligand and a major metabolite of caffeine.<br>References Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3260 (1981); Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 3, 69 (1983); Eur. J. Pharmacol., 179, 295 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pemetrexed Sodium Methyl Ester is an impurity of Pemetrexed(P219550). Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate is an chemotherapy drug for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate exhibit inhibitory activities towards thymidylate synthase as well as other folate dependent enzymes.<br>References Vogelzang, N.J., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 21,2636 (2003); Paz-Ares, L., et al.: Lancet. Oncol., 13, 247 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A serotonin 5HT1-receptor agonist. Antimigraine.<br>References Humphrey, P.P.A., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1123 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-d3 (1-methyl-d3) (CAS# 26351-03-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N-Methylguanidine is an alkylated guanidine which shows inhibitory action against trypsin catalysis. N-Methylguanidine inhibited metabolism of certain hepatic drugs that was mediated by cytochrome P 450 protein in human liver microsome and hepatocyte.<br>References Inagami, T. et al.: Biochemistry, 7, 4045 (1968); Hanada, K. et al.: Nephron, 103, 179 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Zolmitriptan USP Related Compound G<br>Applications An intermediate of Zolmitriptan, as a novel inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme aromatase. Zolmitriptan USP Related Compound G.<br>References Ahmed, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 5, 2789(1995), Ahmed, S., et al.: Drug. Des. Discov., 15, 239 (1998), Brodie, A., et al.: Steroids, 65, 171 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications LY 338979 is a metabolite of the antifolate Pemetrexed (P219500).<br>References Woodland, J.M. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 693 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Ethyl 3-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate is an anticancer drug that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of dpp-iv and pde5, which are enzymes involved in cellular proliferation. Ethyl 3-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate has also been shown to have antiinflammatory properties, which may be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. <br>Ethyl 3-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate is a multinuclear compound that reacts with nitrogen atoms from the pyrazoles to form a stable molecule. Dimethylformamide is used as a solvent for this reaction. The synthesis of ethyl 3-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate starts with acetylation, which converts the carboxylic acid group into an acetic acid group. The acetic acid group reacts with ammonia and hydrogen cyan</p>

<p>Memantine impurity IV is a hydrolysis product of memantine. It appears as a white to off-white powder and has a molecular weight of 198.1 g/mol. Memantine impurity IV is an intermediate in the production of memantine and is therefore not used for any other purpose. The compound contains hydroxy groups, hydroxy, alcohols, and bridgehead groups which are efficient at hydrolyzing to form amino acids.</p>

<p>Tenofovir disoproxil related compound B is a peptidyl prodrug that is metabolized by esterases to tenofovir. It has been shown to be an effective agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacterial species. Tenofovir disoproxil related compound B was also found to inhibit protein synthesis in Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium smegmatis, but not in Escherichia coli. This drug binds to the ribosome's 30S subunit, which blocks the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA and prevents the formation of peptide bonds. The mechanism of action for this drug is similar to that of the antibiotic erythromycin.</p>

<p>N-Acetylmemantine is a drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain. It has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis, as well as inhibit the reaction of hydrolysis of acetonitrile with hydrochloric acid in an organic solvent. N-Acetylmemantine is synthesized by heating ethylene in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The synthesis yields a white solid that consists mainly of N-acetylmethamphetamine. This drug interacts with cellular membranes, which may be due to its ability to react with cholesterol or phospholipids. The interaction leads to changes in membrane permeability, which can result in apoptosis.</p>

<p>Pemetrexed related impurity 2 is a drug product that is an analytical impurity found in the metabolite of pemetrexed. It has been shown to be naturally occurring and is not toxic at high doses. This impurity has been synthesized as an impurity standard for HPLC. Pemetrexed related impurity 2 is used in research and development studies for drug development, such as pharmacopoeia testing for high purity standards.</p>

<p>4-[[(2,4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoic acid is a drug with low bioavailability. It is used to treat leishmaniasis, an infection caused by the parasite Leishmania. 4-[[(2,4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoic acid inhibits the synthesis of folic acid by blocking the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in the bacteria. This drug also has been shown to be effective against autoimmune diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. The terminal half-life of 4-[(2,4-diamino6 pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino benzoic acid is approximately 5 hours and it can be detected in urine for up to 12 hours after administration.</p>