Steroids and Derivatives

Applications 3,3-Dimethoxyestra-5(10),9(11)-dien-17-one, can be used for the synthesis of Trenbolone Acetate (T719080).
References Zhang, H., et al.: Fudan Xuebao, Yixueban, 29 (3), 211 (2002);

Applications Cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide is used in the generation of oxysterols and in the studies of the biological significance of oxysterols.
References Lizard, G., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 118, 135 (2016); Sabolova, M., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 97, 5092 (2017); Bezine, M., et al.: Biochimie (2018)

Applications Diethylstilbestrol dipropionate

Applications A metabolite of 17β-Estradiol.
References Cushman, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 2041 (1995), D’Amato, R.J., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 3964 (1994), Forsis, T., et al.: Nature, 368, 237 (1994)

Applications Tetrahydrodehydrocorticosterone inhibits aldosteronogenesis by intact cells at concentrations that inhibited angiotensin binding.
References Campanile, C.P., Goodfriend, T.L.: Steroids, 37, 681(1981)

Applications 21-Dehydro Betamethasone is an impurity of Betamethasone (B327000), a corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
References Chen, B., et al.: Steroids, 74, 30 (2009); Li, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 894 (2009); Xiong, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 49, 646 (2009);

Impurity Atorvastatin Diketo Amide Impurity
Applications An Atorvastatin intermediate. Atorvastatin is a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Winters, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 1735 (1993), Hagmann, W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, 1975 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001)

Applications A metabolite of Tibolone. A synthetic steroid with weak estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic activity. A pharamceutical used in the treatment of menopausal syndrome.
References Belman, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 32, 450 (1972), Shirahashi, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 41, 1664 (1993), Hoyte, R., et al.: Steroids, 58, 13 (1993), Sandker, G., et al.: Xenobiotica, 24, 143 (1994), Colombo, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 69 (2005),

Impurity Levonorgestrel EP Impurity J
Applications 6-Oxo D-(-)-Norgestrel (Levonorgestrel EP Impurity J) is an impurity of D-(-)-Norgestrel (N689510).

Applications di(2-Hydroxy Atorvastatin) Calcium Salt is a metabolite of Atorvastatin Calcium Salt (A791750), a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996); Whitfield, L.R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 25, 97 (2000)

Applications Sodium salt of Dexamethasone β-D-Glucuronide is a potential prodrug for colonic delivery of the antiinflammatory corticosteroid Dexamethasone.
References Fotsis, T., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 14, 457 (1981), Choi, M., et al.: Steroids, 65, 54 (2000); Haeberlin, B. et al.: Pharm Res., 10, 1553 (1993);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications D-(-)-Norgestrel 17-Acetate is an impurity of Norgestrel (N689500), progestational and ovulation inhibiting steroid.
References Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 89, 173 (2006); Sopirak, A.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 294 (1975), Dunson, T.R., et al.: Contraception, 48, 109 (1993),

Applications (3α)-Allopregnanolone acts as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator. (3α)-Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). (3α)-Allopregnanolone is a neuroactive steroid present in the blood and also the brain. In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration approved (3α)-Allopregnanolone as an intravenous infusion for treating postpartum depression.
References Puja, G. et al.: Neuron, 4, 759 (1990); Belelli, D. et ael. Neurosteroid, 6, 565 (2006); Viapiano, M. et al.: Neurochem. Res., 23, 155 (1998);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Fluocinonide 22 Methyl Homologue is a steriod and a derivative compound of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800) with anti-inflammatory activity.
References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications α-Epoxyabiraterone Acetate is an impurity of Abiraterone (A108490), a steroidal cytochrome P 450 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase inhibitor (CYP17), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a potential drug for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
References Denis, L., et al.: Cancer, 72, 3888 (1993); Potter, G.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 2463 (1995); Denmeade, S., et al.: Nat. Rev., 2, 389(2002); Scher, H., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 8253 (2005)

Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),

Applications 4-Hydroxy Ospemifene is an Ospemifene (O703000) impurity, used to treat dyspareunia. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acting similarly to an estrogen.
References Rutanen, E., et al.: Menopause, 10, 433 (2003);

Applications 1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one is an antioxidant and also has anti cancer effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
References Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Mol. Med. Rep., 9(1), 328-332 (2014);Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Onco.Lett., 6(6), 1784-1788 (2013);Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Inter. J.of Mol. Med., 31(3), 726-730 (2013)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 16α-Hydroxyprrogesterone is a hydroxylated metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone binds to human progesterone receptors hPR-A and hPR-B and act as an agonist for both receptors.
References Ikonen, M. et al.: Nature, 212, 716 (1966); Storbeck, K.-H. et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 336, 92 (2011);

Applications Topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.
References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),

Applications Fulvestrant (F862500) impurity F.

Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).
References Marx, J., et al.: Science, 294, 508 (2001), Plosch, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33870 (2002), Lund, E., et al.: J .Biol. Chem., 278, 22980 (2003),

Applications Testosterone Octanoate is a metabolite of testosterone (T155000), which is used in biological studies to determine the hemolytic and lipophilic activity of this anabolic steroid.
References Biagi, G.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 944 (1970); Biagi, G. L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 873 (1975)

Applications Pregnenolone-d6 is the labeled analogue of Pregnenolone (P712200), a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. As such it is a prohormone. Pregnenolone is a GABAA antagonist and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus. It is a modulator of cytochrome P 450-3A.
References Bjondahl, K., et al.: Med. Biol., 54, 454 (1976); Geick, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14581 (2001); Johnson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 66, 16 (2002); Abe, C., et al.: Lipids, 42, 637 (2007)

Applications 6α-Methyl-9α-fluoro-11β,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone is an impurity of Fluorometholone (F593145), a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.
References Kupferman, A., et al.: Arch. Ophthlmol., 640, 100 (1982), Tokunaga H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 4012 (1984),

Applications A metabolite of Androstenedione (A637550).
References Gazdar, A., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 5488 (1990), Levesque, J., et al.: Steroids, 70, 305 (2005), Lootens, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 37, 2367 (2009),

Stability Isomerizes rapidly in Benzene, Chloroform, and Ether.Keep Shielded from light.
Applications A synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen.Recomended solvents are DMSO, DMF and ethanol, even in these solvents do not store in solution for any prolonged period of time.
References White, W. A. et. al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 19(2), 388-390 (1971).

Applications A derivatives of Dexamethasone (D298800), an analog of cortical hormones.
References Giesen, E.M., et al.: Molec. Cell. Endocrinol., 22, 153 (1981),

Impurity Fulvestrant EP Impurity A
Applications Fulvestrant (F862500) impurity A. The S-isomer of Fulvestrant.
References Sharman, G.J., et al.: Mag. Resonance Chem., 39, 549 (2001),

Applications An intermediate of Deflazacort (D228975), a systematic corticosteroid.
References Nathansohn, G. et al.: Steroids, 13, 365 (1969); Nathansohn, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 10,799 (1967), Schiatti, P., et al.: Arzneim. Forsch., 30, 1543 (1980),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 17β-Estradiol 3-O-Sulfate is a neuroactive steroid used in the studies of human recombinant p1 γ-aminobutyric acid type C (GABAC) recptors.
References Li, W.J., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therp., 323, 236 (2007); Schneider, C., et al.: Steroids., 69, 245 (2004);

Applications Equilenin is a naturally occuring estrogenic steroidal hormone (1,2) isolated from urine of pregnant mares (3). Not found in human urine. Component of conjugated estrogenic hormones. Estrogen. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
References 1. Corbellini, A. et L.: Farmaco Sci. 1964 Nov;19:913-22.2. Stein, R. et al.: Tetrahedron 1970 Apr;26(8):1917-33.3. Nett, T. et al.: J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 1975 Oct;(23):457-62.

Applications Preclinical profile of Ciclesonide, a novel corticosteroid for the treatment of asthma.
References Austin, R., et al.: Eur. Respir. J., 20, 1386 (2002), Belvisi, M.G., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 314, 568 (2005), Richter, K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 146 ( 2005).

Applications Exemestane is an antineoplastic (hormonal).
References Giudici, D., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 30, 391 (1988), Evans, T.R.J., et al.: Cancer Res., 52, 5933 (1992), Zilembo, N., et al.: Brit. J. Cancer, 72, 1007 (1995)

Impurity Cholecalciferol EP Impurity A
Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications 5,6-trans-Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol EP Impurity A) is the major photoisomer of Vitamin D3 analog, as an impurity.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Bikle, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 25, 1545 (1986), Webb, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 68, 882 (1989), Baran, D., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 50, 124 (1992), Tian, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 14888 (1993),

Impurity Medroxyprogesterone Acetate USP Related Compound B
Applications An orally active progestogen used in hormone replacement therepy (HRT), in the past has been used as a component of oral contraceptives.SMedroxyprogesterone Acetate USP Related Compound B.
References Pan, Q., et al.: Mol. Hum. Reprod., 13, 797 (2007), Matsson, P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 323, 19 (2007), Jukosky, J.A., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 81, 230 (2008), Cherkasov, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 2047 (2008),

Impurity Progesterone EP Impurity C
Applications 20β-Dihydroprogesterone (Progesterone EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Progesterone (P755900), a steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum. Progesterone have various significant physiological roles, such as inducing the maturation and secretory activities of the uterine endothelium and the suppression of ovulation. Progesterone is also implicated in the etiology of breast cancer.
References Anderson, E., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 197 (2002), Lanari, C., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 240 (2002), Albrecht, E.D., et al.: Front. Biosci., 8, 416 (2003), Qiu, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 85, 147 (2003),

Impurity Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity U
Applications Betamethasone 9,11-Epoxide 17-Propionate (Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity U) is an impurity of Betamethasone (B327000), an antiinflammatory agent.

Applications 6α,9α-Difluoroprednisolone 17-Acetate, is an impurity of Difluprednate (D445925), which is shown to have antiinflammatory activity.
References Vitali, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 20, 853 (1977);

Impurity Finasteride EP Impurity A
Applications Dihydro Finasteride (Finasteride EP Impurity A) is the reduced product of Finasteride (F342000): a mechanism-based inhibitor of human prostate and skin steroid 5α-reductase. It forms an enzyme-bound NADP-dihydrofinasteride adduct during this inhibitory process.
References Bull, H.G. et al.: Am. J. Chem. Soc., 118, 2359 (1996); Liang, T. et al.: Endocrinol., 117, 571 (1985); Ellsworth, K.P. et al.: J. Steroid Bioche. Mol. Biol., 66, 271 (1998);

Applications Estradiol Cypionate is present in injectable contraceptive formulations. Used in hormone replacement therapy with potential for improving cognition in post-menopausal women.
References Thurman, A. et al.: Contra., 87, 738 (2013); Sales, J. et al.: Theriogen., 78, 510 (2012); Rapp, P. et al.: J. neurosci., 23, 5708 (2003);

Applications Fulvestrant 17-Ketone, is an impurity of Fulvestrant (F862500), a novel steroidal estrogen antagonist reported to lack any partial agonist activity. Antineoplastic (hormonal).
References Wakeling, A.E., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 3867 (1991), Howell, A., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 74, 300 (1996), Robertson, J.F., et al.: Cancer Res., 61, 6739 (2001),

Applications Dutasteride is a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2; structurally related to Finasteride (F342000). Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995), Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999), Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005),

Impurity Norethindrone EP Impurity G
Applications Norethindrone (N676000) epimer. Norethindrone and acetate is used in combination with estrogen as contraceptive (oral). Norethindrone EP Impurity G.
References Angel, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1072, 129 (1991), Chenu, C., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 127, 1149 (1994), Schmidt, M., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 158, 401 (1998),

Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity E
Applications 14,15-Dehydro Budesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity E) is a Budesonide (B689490) impurity.
References Aherne, G., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 17, 559 (1982), Assi, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 325 (2006),

Applications Cholesterol is a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),

Applications 5-Androsten-3,17-dione has been used in the synthetic preparation of androstenediones for treatment of hormone-related disorders.
References Davies, H., et al.: U.S. (2011), WO 2011127232 A2

Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity C, Budesonide Impurity C,
Applications 16α,17-[(1RS)-butylidenebis(oxy)]-11β-hydroxy-17-(hydroxymethyl)-D-homoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17a-dione (Budesonide EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.
References Ferraboschi, P. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, 636 (2008);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Tixocortol is an anti-inflammatory agent. Tixocortol is used in fluorescent chemoaffinity labeling.
References Torossian, D.R., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 31, 453 (1981),

Applications A potent inhibitor of estrone sulfatase. Inhibits estrone sulfatase >99% at 0.1uM in intact MCF-7 cells, IC50=65pM.
References Woo, L.W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 1068 (1998)

Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution
Applications (αR,​1S,​3S,​4R)​-α,​4-​Dimethyl-​2-​oxo-​3-​(3-​oxobutyl)​-​cyclohexaneacetic Acid is an impurity of Artemisin (A777500), an active antimalarial constituent of the tradional Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L., Compositae, which has been known for almost 2000 years as Qinghao. Antimalarial.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Klayman, D.L., et al.: Science, 228, 1049 (1985), Price, R.N., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 9, 1815 (2000), Meshnick, S.R., et al.: Int. J., Parasitol., 32, 1655 (2002),

Applications Progestogen. In combination with estrogen as oral contraceptive.
References Hahn, D.W., et al.: Contraception, 16, 541 (1977), Weintraub, H.S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1406 (1978),

Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a promising androgen for male hormonal contraception.CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE
References Glass, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 45, 1211 (1977), Behre, H., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 140, 414 (1999), Nieschlag, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 965 (2003), Wang, C., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 460 (2006),

Applications Estrogen; antineoplastic (hormonal).
References Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 347 (1982),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Glucocorticoid.
References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt, is a glucuronide derivative of 4-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol (H941895); a metabolite of Estradiol (E888000) which is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.
References Bucala, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 60, 841 (1985); Telang, N., et al.: Anticancer Res., et al.: 11, 1021 (1991); Seeger, H., et al.: Med. Sci. Res., 26, 481 (1998); Bolton, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 135 (2000); Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986); Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987)

Applications An antitumor drug. An aromatase inhibitor.
References Brodie, A.M. and Njar, V.C.: Steroids, 65, 171 (2000), Lonning, P.E., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem, 77, 39 (2001)

Applications Labelled (3α)-Allopregnanolone. (3α)-Allopregnanolone acts as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator. (3α)-Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). (3α)-Allopregnanolone is a neuroactive steroid present in the blood and also the brain.
References Puja, G. et al.: Neuron, 4, 759 (1990); Belelli, D. et ael. Neurosteroid, 6, 565 (2006); Viapiano, M. et al.: Neurochem. Res., 23, 155 (1998);

Applications A metabolite of Tibolone. A synthetic steroid with weak estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic activity. A pharamceutical used in the treatment of menopausal syndrome.
References Clarkson, T., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 5396 (2001), Landgren, M., et al.: Maturitas, 50, 222 (2005), Wang, M., et al.: Steroids, 71, 343 (2006), Verheul, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1105 (2007),

Applications A labelled orticosteroid prodrug for the treatment of eye disorders.
References Benameur, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 47, 812 (1995), Tauchi, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 24, 925 (2001), Chono, S., et al.: J. Drug Targeting, 13, 407 (2005),

Applications 17α-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one is a metabolite of epi-testosterone (T155005). It functions similar to other testosterone analogs, maintaining cell conformation in epithelial cells.
References Sinowatz, F. et al.: J. Endocrinol., 73, 53 (1977);

Applications 5α-Androstanedione is a metabolite of Androstendione (A637550). 5α-Androstanedione is an important intermediate in the conversion of Androstenedione to Androstanolone (A637540).
References Milewich, L., et al.: J. Steroid Chem., 16, 81 (1982); Stanczyk, F. Z., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37, 129 (990);

Applications A glucocorticoid microemulsion nasal preparation allergy inhibitor rhinitis.
References Fukuoka, E., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 35, 2943 (1987), Schmitt, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 291 (1999), Hancock, B., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 397 (2000), Hogan, S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 18, 112 (2001),

Applications Pregnenolone (P712200) derivative, a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens
References Bjondahl, K., et al.: Med. Biol., 54, 454 (1976), Geick, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14581 (2001), Johnson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 66, 16 (2002), Abe, C., et al.: Lipids, 42, 637 (2007),

Impurity Hydrocortisone Acetate EP Impurity E
Applications Anecortave (Hydrocortisone Acetate EP Impurity E) is an angiostatic steroid. Used in treatment of macular degeneration.
References Clark, A.F., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1867 (1997), Slakter, J.S., et al.: Ophthalmology 110, 2372 (2003),

Impurity USP Exemestane Related Compound C
Applications Boldenone related steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid.
References Watanabe, K., et al.: J. Appl. Bacteriol., 62, 1511 (1987), Barthakur, S., et al.: J. Basic Microbiol., 36, 383 (1996),Grinenko, G., et al.: Pharmaceut. Chem. J., 36, 510 (2002), Bhat, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33015 (2005),

Applications 5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-N,4-diphenyl-1-[2-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide is a photodegradation product of Atorvastatin (A791750).
References Cermola, F., et al.: Tetrahedron., 62, 7390 (2006);

Applications The 22S-metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). 22-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits chemokine receptor activity.
References Samson, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 24934 (1997), Mackay, C., et al.: Nature Immunol., 2, 95 (2001), Navenot, J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 313, 1181 (2001),

Applications Labelled Dydrogesterone. A synthetic progestin largely used in hormone therapy, on the central nervous system by studying two markers of the neuroendocrine function: the neurosteroid allopregnanolone and the opioid .beta.-endorphin. Progestogen.
References Bernardi, F., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 138, 316 (1998), Rupprecht, R., et al.: Steroids, 64, 83 (1999), Uzunova, V., et al.: Brain Res., 976, 1 (2003), Pluchino, N., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 102, 205 (2006),

Impurity Betamethasone Valerate EP Impurity C
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Dexamethasone Valerate (Betamethasone Valerate EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Dexamethasone (D298800), which is a glucocorticoid that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.
References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)

Applications Eplerenone 7-Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Eplerenone (E588775). Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.
References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),

Applications The labelled analogue of a metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a urinary metabolite of Androstenedione (A637550) in patients with Addison's disease and also used as a marker in blood plasma for detection of prostate cancer.
References Lokhov, P.G. et al.: Metabolomics, 6, 156 (2010); Bonnaire, Y. et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 19, 175 (1995); Tamm, J. et al.: Steroids, 8, 659 (1966);

Applications Estradiol Enanthate has been used as an injectable contraceptive.
References Coutinho, E.M., et. al.: Contraception, 73, 249 (2006)

Applications 6-Ketoprogesterone is used in the synthesis and biological evaluation of steroidal deivatives as selective inhibitors of AKR1B10. AKR1B10 is a promising anti-cancer therapeutic target.
References Zhang, W., et al.: Steroids, 86, 39 (2014)

Applications A metabolite of Estradiol.
References Bucala, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 60, 841 (1985), Telang, N., et al.: Anticancer Res., et al.: 11, 1021 (1991), Seeger, H., et al.: Med. Sci. Res., 26, 481 (1998), Bolton, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 135 (2000),

Applications Protected Estradiol.
References Miilunpohja, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 100, 59 (2006), Ikonomou, M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 243 (2008),