pH Buffer Solutions

<p>A ready-to-use 2X solution with beta-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent. Used in SDS-PAGE for loading of conventional proteins. The use of Laemmli sample buffer ensures optimal band resolution when preparing proteins for SDS-PAGE with Tris-glycine-SDS running buffer. <br> Role of 2X SDS PAGE Sample buffer :<br> 1 .Tris-HCl is a buffer and it’s pH plays an essential role in preserving peptide bonds from breaking apart.<br> 2. Sodium dodecyl sulphate is an anionic detergent that helps in linearizing (by denaturing) the proteins and bringing a net negative charge to the proteins irrespective of the initial charge.<br> 3. The high density of glycerol ensures the sample moves down into the well.<br> 4. Beta-mercaptoethanol, along with SDS, ensure the bands are individual polypeptide instead of molecular complexes.<br> 5. The dye visually indicates the location (tracking) of the sample in the gel. </p>

<p>RIPA (Radio-Immuno Precipitation Assay) Buffer is a ready- to-use versatile solution and widely used lysis buffer for preparing cell lysates for a variety of protein-related applications. Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay buffer (RIPA buffer) is used for rapid, efficient cell lysis and solubilization of proteins from both adherent and suspension cultured mammalian cells. RIPA lysis extraction buffer contains non-ionic and ionic detergents which are able to extract protein from wide variety of cell types and membrane structuresProtein lysis can be completed within 45 to 60 minutes. </p>

<p>DNA Methylation reagent plays a key role in DNA methylation analysis. It works by selectively converting unmethylated cytosines to uracil, while leaving methylated cytosines unchanged. This difference in conversion allows researchers to identify and analyze DNA methylation patterns using subsequent PCR amplification and sequencing.</p>

<p>DNA Quick Extraction Reagent is used to isolate genomic DNA from various samples. The reagent efficiently extracts DNA from sources like animal &amp; plant tissues, yeast, and bacteria. The process typically takes 10-30 minutes, with DNA recoveries ranging from 70-100%.</p>

<p>20X Borate Buffer is a stock solution that is ideal for preparing sodium borate buffer solutions for use in protein modification procedures requiring amine-free buffer at alkaline pH. Simply dilute the stock solution with pure water and proceed with your experiment. The 20X Borate Buffer pH remains 8.5, when diluted to 1X with water.</p>

6x Gel Loading Dye, SDS+ is a pre-mixed loading buffer with two tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The solution contains SDS which results in sharper bands as some restriction enzymes remain bound to DNA following cleavage. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol blue and xylene cyanol are the standard tracking dye for electrophoresis.

<p>6X Tri-colour Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with three tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol Blue, xylene cyanol and ornageG are the standard tracking dyes for electrophoresis.</p>

<p>DoubleQuick DNA Electrophoresis Buffer is a tank buffer used in electrophoresis of DNA on agarose gels. The advantage here is that the electrophoreis takes only 10 minutes and the DNA extraction rate is 3 times higher than when TAE or TBE buffers are used. It also generates lower heat.</p>

<p>6x Gel Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with two tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol blue and xylene cyanol are the standard tracking dye for electrophoresis.</p>

<p>6X Blue Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with a single tracking dye for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Bromophenol Blue is the standard tracking dye for electrophoresis.</p>

<p>6x Gel Loading Dye is a pre-mixed loading buffer with two tracking dyes for agarose and non-denaturing poylacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EDTA is included to chelate magnesium (up to 10 mM) in enzymatic reactions, thereby stopping the reaction. Xylene cyanol and Orange G are the standard tracking dyes for electrophoresis.</p>

<p>Sodium cacodylate trihydrate is a buffering agent that has an optimal pH range of 5.0-7.4 and a pKa of 6.27. It can be used in electron microscopy and histology, however it is toxic and oxidizes thiols at a low pH.</p>

<p>HEPPSO is a piperazinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 7.1-8.5 and a pKa of 7.84. It is an ampholytic separator, and can bind copper ions.</p>

<p>MOPSO, also known as 3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid, a a morpholinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 6.2-7.6 and a pKa of 6.87. It has poor metal ion coordination and can be used in protein work and chromatography.</p>

<p>Bicine, also known as N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine, is a Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amine buffer with an optimal pH range of 7.6-9.0 and a pKa of 8.26. This buffering agent forms metal complexes and is used in crystallization and enzymatic studies.</p>

<p>A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degree C.MES, also known as 4-Morpholineethanesulfonic acid, is a morpholinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 5.5-6.7 and a pKa of 6.1. This buffering agent can be used in culture media and capillary electrochromatography. It does not coordinate metal ions</p>

<p>PIPES, also known as, Piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) is a piperazinic buffer with an optimal pH range of 6.1-7.5 and a pKa of 6.76. This buffering agent can be used in culture media, crystallization, electrophoresis, and chromatography and is non-coordinating.</p>

<p>TES, also known as N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a buffering agent that is used in protein assays and forms complexes with DNA and copper ions. The optimal pH range of this zwitterionic buffer is 6.8-8.2 and its pKa is 7.4.</p>